   .  .  
 


 ,   ,     , ,      .    ,   ,        NP-.  ()           ,     NP-  .





   

 .  



 



 ,2020



ISBN978-5-0051-8960-8

     Ridero


   

   







 ,   ,    , ,      .

    ,  ,        NP .

  ()         ,  ,    NP   .

   NP    .  ,    ,  ,  .

   NP      .     .

   ,    (N ).         NP .

     ,       ,  NP .

                .

         .

     .  .      .

     .  .

     ,    ,  , .

 ,    ,       ,     

          ,      - ,?        (von Neumann bottleneck).

              ,      ,    ,     c .

          ,   .

      - , ?        (von Neumann bottleneck).

           ,      .

         ,       .

       ,       ,     .

     .

           , ,   .

            ,      .

    :

    ;

    ,  .




  


  蠖 NP-  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2).

    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9)  NP-   .

     G = (V,E)     S, , ,         S.

(size)       .

         (     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F)).

NP-   .

    NP- (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0), ,   ,        .

  , 廠    .

Ѡ   , ,  ,         .

  ( )     .

       :

1.

     (N )    .      .

  1, ,     (N ).

   , ,   1 N.

   .

2.

   ,       .

3.

     N    (     ),       .

4.

          .

          ,     .

   .

,    .

 ,   .

 12.

   .

5.

   ,       .

6.

      N   ,        .

7.

          .

,         .

             ,     .

     .

       ,   N ,  1,  3.

,    .

 ,   .

 12.

   .

8.

      ,       ,  .

9.

        N   ,        .

10.

         .

        .

     ,   .

           ,  ,  ,  ,   ,      .

,    .

 ,   .

 12.

   .

11.

  ,        . ,    , ,    .



N  = N .

    12.

  N , , 1 3.

12.

  .

  .

    N  N .

 2.

  .




  


   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0))G = (V, E)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)D  V, ,    D    D.

 ? (G)      G.

   ,   ? (G) ?K  GK.

  NP-  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C).

 ,   ,   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0)       .

 

    n    O(2nn)     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=63470768)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .


