  . ,    
 


       ,           XIXXX.                     ,   .     ?               ?              ?          .   ,  ,    (, ,  .      ),               .    ,      ,     ,     .





 

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  ,     ,   ;       ,   ;      ,     .        ,   ,     .                .                .     .

  ,       ,          .   ,          :   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .

             :   /  :      (Making the Symbolist Book / Fashioning the Symbolist Reader: The Case of Aleksandr Dobroliubovs Collected Verses // Reading in Russia: Literary Communication and Practices of Reading, 17601930 / Ed. by D. Rebecchini and R. Vassena. Milan: Di/Segni, 2014);        (Aleksandr Blok and the Rise of Biographical Symbolism // Slavic and East European Journal. Winter 2010. 54/4).    SEEJ  Di/Segni      .

 ,          ,               .         - ࠖ    ,               .     ,   .

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[1 -         :  (-     , )   (     [ ], -).]



  1895        ,    Natura naturans. Natura naturata,      .   :



      ,    ,     .    ,    [2 -  . .  , 18901902 (1933) /  . . . .:   , 2002. . 183.]


         ,        ,       .          ,              .             :         .    1890?,   1910     ,             .       ,            .






. 1.             (1895)



      1890? ,   ,     .        1895   ,       :     .          頖        .        ,         ,      .             .  -              .             렖  : ,   , !   ,   [3 -       ,     : . . 386. . 124. . . 1. . 89.].

        :        ,             .       堖   λ       ,        ,         (.. 1).       ,          .      .      ?    ?           ?     : , ,   蠖 21-     .  ,     ,    ,     .         .   : , , , ,        ,     .         ,         .                    .

     -:  ;  , ,    ,   ;       .   ,          ,  1895   .   ,        ,     ,            .  ,            XIX,            .          -.

         .      ,         .         ,       .     :    ,                  .    ,       ,     ,    .      ࠖ  ,  ໠          .                  .              ,             ,     .

             1890?     XX.      ,               ࠖ                .    ,     ,   ,   ,    .      ,    ,           .   ,    ,      .        ,  .

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 : ,    


    -    ,              .      XIX       ,       .       1850? ,       ,  1890?,   - .   1880?      ,        ,     .      XIX (      )    ,   ,      -           .         :      ;          ;    ,     .       ,         ,   ,        1830? .

 ,        ,      [4 -     .: . .    // -     XIX  XX. /. . . . . .: , 1975. . 172186;  . .           1900?  //  . 1981. 2. . 79111;  . .     (   . .   1890? ) //    . .: , 1993.       .: .      18901917. .:   , 2004. . 198214; Pyman A. A History of Russian Symbolism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; Peterson R. A History of Russian Symbolism. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993;  . .  //     (1890?堖  1920? ). . 1. .:  /, 2000. . 688731.].          ,   .        ,          ,            .      ,    ,    ,       .                  : ,    .           (1904)   :



          ,    , ,        [5 -   // . 1904. 1. . iii.].


,       ( )    .

            [6 -         : Grossman J. D. Valery Bryusov and the Riddle of Russian Decadence. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.].    . .              1890? .          ,      [7 -  . .      . .     //   1996. : , 2001. . 312335.].   ,        -      ,    .      ,     ,     fin de si?cle.       19011902:      ,    [8 -  . .     / . .  //  . . 27/28. .: - , 1937. . 313.].  ,            .

     .      .             .  ,          ,           .           ,     . ,       ࠖ        .              18601930? ,        .    1890?          ,      .           ,    -   XIX.

     ,                     .    ,     ,       .              ,       ,    1890?        .         ,        1890? .       ,          .          ,      ,         .         .                 .

,            ,        -.    ,          ,       .           ,   .             ,          .            .       ,        ,       .            ;        ;    ,      ,      .      .     ,      ,        .

       ,      ,      .  ,               .               .      -       .           ,      .                       .          ,            .  ࠖ   ,    ,         .          젖  ,        ,        XIX.

           .   ,     ,    ,    ,       - .                     .          ,        ,      XIX,        .      ,   ,     XX      .    ,    :      ,       ,      ,   ,      ,         .

            ,         ,         .             ;   -       ,  ,          .       ,          ,    .         ,     :     ,      -    .

          .               :     Begriffsgeschichte.                   .                 .       ,      [9 - .: Richter M. The History of Political and Social Concepts: A Critical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. P. 2125.]. Begriffsgeschichte                .    ,          , ,    ,       .

                  .        ,          . 젖    䠖           .          .     ,  ,             .               .            .           .         ,        .              頖 ,      ,          .        蠖       .




,   


        ,   ,        .           ,              (  ) . 젖     ,          .           ,       [10 -           : Rainey L. S. Institutions of Modernism: Literary Elites and Public Culture. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998. P. 45.].        ,       ,              .   젖   ,           .            .        ,        ,      .          .

                .      ,      ,       .    ,       .       蠖 ,   ;     , , ,   ;      ;        .          .          : ,        .

-        ,  .  ,         ,    ,    .         1892,  -  ,   ,     ,   [11 -    .  .     //  . 1892. 9. . 128.].               ,        .          ,     :          .   ,     ,     ,       .        ,                .                  ,                  .

    ,      ,    ,    ,         .    , ࠖ      ,   ;     , ,         ,   [12 - Kernan A. B. The Imaginary Library: An Essay on Literature and Society. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. P. 12; Escarpit R. Sociology of Literature. 2nd ed. London: Cass, 1971. P. 1. .: Duncan H. D. Language and Literature in Society. NewYork: Bedminster, 1961. P. 5874;  . .      //  . .:   , 2014. . .         ; .: . .    - // .   . 1994. 68. . 210.].     ,         ,         - .       .         ,                 .

,              ,      ,    ,   [13 -      .:The Space of the Book: Print Culture in the Russian Social Imagination / Ed. M. Remnek. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. P 1214; Brooks J. Readers and Reading at the End of the Tsarist Era // Literature and Society in Imperial Russia, 18001914 / Ed. by W. Mills Todd III. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1978. P. 97150.         ,    ,   . Polonsky R. English Literature and the Russian Aesthetic Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.].                  ,   .  젖         ,    .       ,      .

          .            .        ,        ,          ,       [14 - Todd W. M. III. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin: Ideology, Institutions, and Narrative. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986. P. 46.          ,     ,   : Kozlov D. The Readers of Novyi Mir: Coming to Terms with the Stalinist Past. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.         ,     .         XIX  XX    . Chuchvaha H. Art Periodical Culture in Late Imperial Russia (18981917). Leiden: Brill, 2016.].             .     ;        ,      .                   ,    .    ,         ,   ,       ,    .   ,   ,        .            :       젖  젖     .             ,         ,       ,      .    ,    , ,              .

     ,      1890? .           .            .        ,                 ,   .          ,          ,     :  ,     .             .    ,   ,   ,     ?             .         ,    ?  ,                  .        ,  []    ,        ,     , []   [15 -             18941895   .    . .  (  Old Gentleman)     (1895, 7036),      1894   (    )    . .,     (. . 386. . 110. . . 53).]?

              ,      .  ,   ,    ,     XIX,       ,    .       ,    ,      .            ,  ,   ,   .     ࠖ    㠖             .             .

  1891        ,  : ?  . ,  ,  ?[16 - Huret J. Enqu?te sur lvolution littraire (1891). Paris: Jos Corti, 1999. P. 109.].        ,        ,  ,       .    ,    ,    .        ,     ,        .      ,      .     ,        XIX  XX.    ࠖ      ,    ,  ,      .    ,    ,   [17 - Symons A. The Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899). NewYork: E. P. Dutton, 1919; reprint, Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger, n. d. P. 2.].               ,  .    ,   ,       -       ,   .         蠖 ,  ,



,       [],   .          ,        [18 - Mock Modernism: An Anthology of Parodies, Travesties, Frauds, 19101935 / Ed. L. Diepeveen. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. P. 56.].


           ,         ,        ,         .         ,        .                -     .   ,        ,       ,  ,                .        ,         ,    .     ,          ,           ,          .             ,          .   ,          ,    ,       ,      ,     .

                 .         (1892),    . .    [] [],        [19 -  ,  14 1891,  :  .    / . , ., .   . . . . .:  , 2000. . 803.].  ,     ,     ,       ,         1890? .              1860? .   1892       ,        .              .      :               .                 .

  ࠖ      (  ) . ,  ,  ,     1890? ,      ,   . ,   1895     ,        -  ,       .           .             ,   .          ,      :      [20 -  . . . . 709.].

  ,    1890?   -,      ,        -.   -, .. ,          ,     ,       . ,   1895,            -   ,       ࠖ ,   -  .  :    ,   ,      .       :       ,   ,    [21 -  . 4398. 7.          : . . 386.  124. . . 1. . 1112.].

                  .    ,         XIX,             .      ,   ,      .           ,            1894:



 ,             ,     , ,  [22 -  . 1894. 6476. 10.  :  .,  . . .:  , 2006. . 6263;       (. . 386. . 124. . . 1. . 34).].


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       ,  , , ,     (  ).   ,    ,       ,            .          ,       .           .         , , ,     .        ,      , ,    ,               - [23 -          ,   .].             :    ,     -   .        [24 -  ,      ,     4.].    ࠖ         ,    .

  .       蠖    .     ,        ,      .           ,       :



    ,           ,  ,   - ,           . ,              .   ,      , ,    ,     ,   , , ,  ,   .  ( )                     ⠖   -  (academy), ,  ,      ,       (,  ,  )    ,          .  ,    ,   ,       ,      ,     ,   ,     ,         ,     [25 - Smith B. H. Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988. P. 4344.            .      ,            (     ),     ,    ,       (Lindenberger H. The History in Literature: On Value, Genre, Institutions. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1990. P. 26).].


            ,   1890?            ,   .       ,    -.       ,         .      ,     ,    .      ;            ;      .                    .     (18921902)       .    ,     ,         .   ,            ,  ,     [26 -  . . . . 709.].         .

           ,      .        ,         .      ,        ,   ,      .             XIX.       ,     XIX



  []       ,      ,                 [27 - Todd W. M. III. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin. P. 89.].


    ,         ,    ,      .  ,           ,   ,    :            [28 -  . .     . . 16.].         ,            .       ,           ,        .




  


       -   (1892)      .            ,           .                   [29 -  .    . . 115.].     ,      ,   .   ,      .     ,          ,    .     - ,          ,        .

   (18731924)                   .               .         .         ,       .    ,   1892    .   1895        ,              (  )  Chefs doeuvre.            ,          .          ;       1900,     ,         ( ,  1904,   ,   ).  1903,        ,        .

           (,   );          .  ,    , Urbi et Orbi (1903),        ,  .    1910     -          .               .                .  ,        ,     ,         .            XX.

   (18671942),   ,           XIX.    , , ,       ( ) ,        ,   .   ,            ,       .  ,         , ,  ,    -, , , ,   ,    .     ,       XX,        ⠖ ,            .      ,   ,  .

      1880? ,       .     :    (1894),   (1895)   (1898)            頖     .     XX             .    (1900)     ,     (1903)  .              ,   .        ,       .   ,       1915,     ࠖ   .

           ,           .      ,   ᠖      .         (      ),            .      ()  ,       ,   .                  .          .        18801890? ;      ;        ;     ;                  ( 1892)      .             .          ,   , -,     .           ,      .               .  ,               1890? .

   (18651941)         .      ,          .          (   )     .       ,            ,      ,     -    XIX  XX.     ,       ( ,       ).                XIX       XX    .

   (18691945)         .   1890?              ,            .  ,                 .         - ,   -  19011903.         .       ,   (1893)   (1901),         .     ,         .        蠖     (      ),           .        ,             .

       ,   (    , 18631927),      ,         XX.         ,  ,       ,        .  ,       ,       .         (  )     ,     .      ,          ,         , ,   .     ,            XIX.           ,        .         XIX  XX            ,   .

            ,  ,   ,  1890? .    ,  ,      fin de si?cle.        ,   ;      .    (18761945)    - (18711936)         .   -   .                   ,   1895  1905.                 .    ,      ,   -.    1930?      ,        ,      .   ,   ,     . -,  1890?    ,      .            XIX.              (1895),        .  -                .   XX ,     ,    .    ,     ,        .

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  (    , 18801934)             ,       .               .        ,   -         .        (1916),      XX (           ).          - .       ,         ,   .     ࠖ   1902 (    ,  ,   )        (1904);        .      ,               .         ,           (           [1904]).           ;             (     ,     ).                      .

         (18661949)        .           ࠖ        .        ,    - ( ,   ) ,       .     ,         ,       (1904)       .     -  ,          .    ,        ,        (1908)    (1910),               .            ()        .

          (18791947),    .        .     ,     (   ;      ).           .            ,       (        ).              .     ,     1910,       .           ,     ,      .           .         .




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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


        :  (-     , )   (     [ ], -).




2


 . .  , 18901902 (1933) /  . . . .:   , 2002. . 183.




3


      ,     : . . 386. . 124. . . 1. . 89.




4


    .: . .    // -     XIX  XX. /. . . . . .: , 1975. . 172186;  . .           1900?  //  . 1981. 2. . 79111;  . .     (   . .   1890? ) //    . .: , 1993.       .: .      18901917. .:   , 2004. . 198214; Pyman A. A History of Russian Symbolism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; Peterson R. A History of Russian Symbolism. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993;  . .  //     (1890?堖  1920? ). . 1. .:  /, 2000. . 688731.




5


  // . 1904. 1. . iii.




6


        : Grossman J. D. Valery Bryusov and the Riddle of Russian Decadence. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.




7


 . .      . .     //   1996. : , 2001. . 312335.




8


 . .     / . .  //  . . 27/28. .: - , 1937. . 313.




9


.: Richter M. The History of Political and Social Concepts: A Critical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. P. 2125.




10


          : Rainey L. S. Institutions of Modernism: Literary Elites and Public Culture. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998. P. 45.




11


   .  .     //  . 1892. 9. . 128.




12


Kernan A. B. The Imaginary Library: An Essay on Literature and Society. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1982. P. 12; Escarpit R. Sociology of Literature. 2nd ed. London: Cass, 1971. P. 1. .: Duncan H. D. Language and Literature in Society. NewYork: Bedminster, 1961. P. 5874;  . .      //  . .:   , 2014. . .         ; .: . .    - // .   . 1994. 68. . 210.




13


     .:The Space of the Book: Print Culture in the Russian Social Imagination / Ed. M. Remnek. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. P 1214; Brooks J. Readers and Reading at the End of the Tsarist Era // Literature and Society in Imperial Russia, 18001914 / Ed. by W. Mills Todd III. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1978. P. 97150.         ,    ,   . Polonsky R. English Literature and the Russian Aesthetic Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.




14


Todd W. M. III. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin: Ideology, Institutions, and Narrative. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986. P. 46.          ,     ,   : Kozlov D. The Readers of Novyi Mir: Coming to Terms with the Stalinist Past. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.         ,     .         XIX  XX    . Chuchvaha H. Art Periodical Culture in Late Imperial Russia (18981917). Leiden: Brill, 2016.




15


            18941895   .    . .  (  Old Gentleman)     (1895, 7036),      1894   (    )    . .,     (. . 386. . 110. . . 53).




16


Huret J. Enqu?te sur lvolution littraire (1891). Paris: Jos Corti, 1999. P. 109.




17


Symons A. The Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899). NewYork: E. P. Dutton, 1919; reprint, Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger, n. d. P. 2.




18


Mock Modernism: An Anthology of Parodies, Travesties, Frauds, 19101935 / Ed. L. Diepeveen. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. P. 56.




19


 ,  14 1891,  :  .    / . , ., .   . . . . .:  , 2000. . 803.




20


 . . . . 709.




21


 . 4398. 7.          : . . 386.  124. . . 1. . 1112.




22


 . 1894. 6476. 10.  :  .,  . . .:  , 2006. . 6263;       (. . 386. . 124. . . 1. . 34).




23


         ,   .




24


 ,      ,     4.




25


Smith B. H. Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988. P. 4344.            .      ,            (     ),     ,    ,       (Lindenberger H. The History in Literature: On Value, Genre, Institutions. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1990. P. 26).




26


 . . . . 709.




27


Todd W. M. III. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin. P. 89.




28


 . .     . . 16.




29


 .    . . 115.


