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Original title:

18 Tiny Deaths. The Untold Story of Frances Glessner Lee and the Invention ofModern Forensics



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Text copyright 2020 by Bruce Goldfarb.

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         [5 -        : Jeffrey Jentzen, Death Investigation in America: Coroners, Medical Examiners and the Pursuit of Medical Certainty (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009) Russell S. Fisher, History ofForensic Pathology and Related Laboratory Sciences, in Medicolegal Investigation of Death, 2nd ed., ed. Werner U. Spitz and Russell S. Fisher (Springfield, IL: Charles C.Thomas, 1980).].               .   ,   ,  .      .

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          .  , ,  ,       - 1637.     :             [8 -   : William G. Eckert, ed., Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd ed. (NewYork: Elsevier, 1992), 12.]. (       1640:   ,         ,     ,    ,     , ,  ,   [9 - Aric W. Dutelle and Ronald F. Becker, Criminal Investigation, 5th ed. (Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2013), 8.].)

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        25 1642[11 - Early medicine in Maryland, 16361671, Journal of the American Medical Association 38, no. 25 (June 21, 1902): 1639; Judicial and Testamentary Business of theProvincial Court, 16371650, Maryland State Archives, vol. 4: 254.].    ,  ,           -,      .

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 ,    ,  ⠫    .         ,  ,    [28 - Robert Shaplen, The Beecher-Tilton Affair, NewYorker, June 4, 1954, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1954/06/12/the-beecher-tilton-case-ii (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1954/06/12/the-beecher-tilton-case-ii).].        :       ,       .

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         ,     ,       ,          ,      [32 -       AHistorical Walk Through John and Frances Glessners Rocks Estate; Heritage and History, TheRocks Estate,   14 2018, http://www.therocks.mobi/about.html (http://www.therocks.mobi/about.html).].         :     ,      .

         ,     ,   ,  ,         . ,    ,  蠖  .    ,  -     ,   ,    .   ,           [33 - Lee and Lee, Family Reunion, 357358.].      ,         -      .      ,    ,  16 砫   .        . ,   ,    ,  , : , ,          ,      :    ,  ,  ,   [34 - , 356357.].

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notes








1


  , 10 1944, .




2


Pete Martin, How Murderers Beat the Law, Saturday Evening Post, December 10, 1949.




3


  , 10 1944, .




4


Committee on Medicolegal Problems, Medical Science in Crime Detection, Journal of the American Medical Association 200, 2 (April 10, 1967): 155160.




5


       : Jeffrey Jentzen, Death Investigation in America: Coroners, Medical Examiners and the Pursuit of Medical Certainty (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009) Russell S. Fisher, History ofForensic Pathology and Related Laboratory Sciences, in Medicolegal Investigation of Death, 2nd ed., ed. Werner U. Spitz and Russell S. Fisher (Springfield, IL: Charles C.Thomas, 1980).




6


Theodore Tyndale, The Law of Coroners, Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 96 (1877): 243258.




7


        Death Investigation in Maryland,  The History of the National Association of Medical Examiners, 2016 ed., 235264, https://www.thename.org/assets/docs/NAME%20e-book%202016%20final%2006-14-16.pdf (https://www.thename.org/assets/docs/NAME%20e-book%202016%20final%2006-14-16.pdf).     : Julie Johnson-McGrath, Speaking for the Dead: Forensic Pathologists and Criminal Justice in the United States, Science, Technology, and Human Values 20, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 438459; Michael Clark and Catherine Crawford, eds., Legal Medicine in History (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Jentzen, Death Investigation in America; Fisher, History of Forensic Pathology.




8


  : William G. Eckert, ed., Introduction to Forensic Sciences, 2nd ed. (NewYork: Elsevier, 1992), 12.




9


Aric W. Dutelle and Ronald F. Becker, Criminal Investigation, 5th ed. (Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2013), 8.




10


J.Hall Pleasants, ed., Proceedings of the County Court of Charles County, 16581666, Archives of Maryland 1936, xl xli; An inquest taken before the Coroner, at mattapient in the county of St maries, on Wednesday the 31. Of January 1637, USGenWeb Archive, http://files.usgwarchives.net/md/stmarys/wills/briant-j.txt (http://files.usgwarchives.net/md/stmarys/wills/briant-j.txt).




11


Early medicine in Maryland, 16361671, Journal of the American Medical Association 38, no. 25 (June 21, 1902): 1639; Judicial and Testamentary Business of theProvincial Court, 16371650, Maryland State Archives, vol. 4: 254.




12


Julie Johnson, Coroners, Corruption and the Politics ofDeath: Forensic Pathology in the United States, in Clark and Crawford, Legal Medicine in History, 268289.




13


Raymond Moley, An Outline of the Cleveland Crime Survey (Cleveland: Cleveland Foundation, 1922).




14


Leonard Michael Wallstein, Report on Special Examination of the Accounts and Methods of the Office of Coroner in NewYork City (NewYork: Office of the Commissioner of Accounts, 1915).




15


Jentzen, Death Investigation in America, 25.




16


Raymond Fosdick, Part I: Police Administration, Criminal Justice in Cleveland (Cleveland: Cleveland Foundation, 1922), 3435.




17


Moley, Cleveland Crime Survey, 8.




18


James C. Mohr, Doctors and the Law: Medical Jurisprudence in Ninteenth-Century America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 214.




19


Tyndale, Law of Coroners, 246.




20


Martin, How Murderers Beat the Law.




21


History, Chicago Police Department,   20 2018, https://home.chicagopolice.org/inside-the-cpd/history/ (https://home.chicagopolice.org/inside-the-cpd/history/);   . AHistory of the City of Chicago: Its Men and Institutions (Chicago: Inter Ocean, 1900), 440441.




22


Richard L. Lindberg, Gangland Chicago: Criminality and Lawlessness in the Windy City (Lanham, MD: Rowman &Littlefield, 2015), 35.




23


Timothy B. Spears, Chicago Dreaming: Midwesterners and the City, 18711919 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 2450.




24


Percy Maxim Lee and John Glessner Lee, Family Reunion: An Incomplete Account of the Maxim-Lee Family History (privately printed, 1971), 354; David A. Hanks, Isaac Scott: Reform Furniture in Chicago (Chicago: Chicago School ofArchitecture Foundation, 1974).




25


Lee and Lee, Family Reunion, 348.




26


   ,   ,  ( ), 22 1878.




27


Lee and Lee, Family Reunion, 348.




28


Robert Shaplen, The Beecher-Tilton Affair, NewYorker, June 4, 1954, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1954/06/12/the-beecher-tilton-case-ii (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1954/06/12/the-beecher-tilton-case-ii).




29


Lee and Lee, Family Reunion, 350.




30


Lee and Lee, Family Reunion, 350.




31


, 29 1883.




32


      AHistorical Walk Through John and Frances Glessners Rocks Estate; Heritage and History, TheRocks Estate,   14 2018, http://www.therocks.mobi/about.html (http://www.therocks.mobi/about.html).




33


Lee and Lee, Family Reunion, 357358.




34


, 356357.




35


William H. Tyre, Chicagos Historic Prairie Avenue (Chicago, IL: Arcadia Books, 2008).




36


Lee and Lee, Family Reunion, 327330.




37


Finn MacLeod, Spotlight: Henry Hobson Richardson, ArchDaily, September 29, 2017, https://www.archdaily.com/552221/spotlight-henry-hobson-richardson (https://www.archdaily.com/552221/spotlight-henry-hobson-richardson).




38


, 327.




39


, 15 1885.


