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-,              ,   ,           .           [2 - Lucius Apuleius, The Golden Ass (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1915).],                 .          ,         ,              ,     .                  ,        .

-,    ,  [3 - Deborah Vess  Sherry Linkon, Navigating the Interdisciplinary Archipelago: The Scholarship of Interdisciplinary Teaching and Learning, Disciplinary Styles in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Exploring Common Ground, eds. M. T. Huber & S. Morreale (Washington, D.C.: American Association for Higher Education, 2002), 87106.],       ,  , ,          .  ,         ,      ,   , , , ,  ,  ,     ,      .                  ,    .               ,            .

-,         蠖   [4 -  (. securitization  security ) ,          - ,    -     .            ,   .        . Security: A New Framework for Analysis. By Barry Buzan, Ole Weaver, and Jaap de Wilde. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998. 239 p. . .]     .   ,     ,   ()      ,      .         , , ,   ,               [5 -       ,   ,       ,    ,           .  蠖  . ,            ,      1994.     .        :  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     . http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_1994_en_chap2.pdf; Edward Newman and Oliver P. Richmond, eds., The United Nations and Human Security (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001); J. Peter Burgess and Taylor Owen, eds., Special Section: What Is Human Security? Security Dialogue 35, no. 3 (September 2004): 34587; Mary Kaldor, Human Security: Reflections on Globalization and Intervention (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007); Rita Taureck, Securitization Theory and Securitization Studies, Journal of International Relations and Development 9, no. 1 (2006): 5361.].

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  ,   -  ,      [9 -         ,         ,    ,     .          ,       .       ,            .        ,               .        ,   .  ,     ,        ,    . Thomas Luckmann  Peter L. Berger, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (London: Penguin, 1991); David Newman, Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1995); Olav Eikeland, From Epistemology to Gnoseology-Understanding the Knowledge Claims of Action Research, Management Research News 30, is. 5 (2007): 34458.].          ,         ,      .

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  蠖             ,      ,   ,        .          ,     ,  ,   [10 - Rob B. J. Walker, Security, Sovereignty, and the Challenge of World Politics, Alternatives 15, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 11; Kevin R. Cox and Murray Low, Political Geography in Question, Political Geography 22 (2003): 599602.].

  ,  -   ,    :          .      .

      .    ,   ,           [11 -  XXI.            ,         ,   .             ,       .],    ,       .     ,        .         ,          .             ,  ,   [12 -  ,        ,         ,     ,  ,     ,  ,    . Walter Lippmann, U. S. Foreign Policy: Shield of the Republic (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1943): 51.].   ,  ,      ,       [13 -         . ,     ,       .  ,  ,       ,    ,        . Baldwin, Security Studies at the End of the Cold War, World Politics 48 (1995): 131.].   -       ,     [14 - Hans Morgenthau, Another Great Debate: The National Interest of the United States, Classics of International Relations, ed. J. Vasquez (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1982), 973.].

     ,        ,      .       [15 - Richard Wyn-Jones, Security, Strategy  Critical Theory (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1999); Mohammed Ayoob, Defining Security: A Subaltern Realist Perspective, Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases, eds. K. Krause and M. C. Williams (London: UCL Press, 1997), 12147.].                   ,       , ,        .  ,       ,   [16 -         ,      ,        ,      ,        .                   . Michael Renner, Fighting for Survival: Environmental Decline, Social Conflict, and the New Age of Insecurity (NewYork: W. W. Norton & Co, 1996).], [17 -       ,   , ,      ,         ,     . Beverly Crawford, The New Security Dilemma under International Economic Interdependence, Millennium 23, no. 1 [1994]: 2555; Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr., National Security Strategy in an Era of Growing Challenges and Resource Constraints, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Perspective, June 2010 (    Domestic Constraints on U. S. Grand Strategy  The Geopolitical Constraints of the Financial Crises       1314 2010.).    ,              . Emily O. Goldman  Leo J. Blanken, The Economic Foundations of Military Power, Guns and Butter: The Political Economy of International Security, ed. Peter Dombrowski (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005), 37.],    , - ,   ,  ,        [18 -  ,   -  :                       ,      ,   , ,   ,        .   ,         ,        . Lessons In Leadership: One On One With Admiral James Stavridis, March 26, 2019; https://thriveglobal.com/stories/lessons-in-leadership-one-on-one-with-admiral-james-stavridis/.].      ,   ,          .

  ,   ,      .    ,          ,  ,    ,     .         [19 - Kissinger, Henry. The Future Role of the IEA. October 14, 2009, Paris, France.].

            ,     :  ,  ,  ,  ,      .

          .            ,      [20 -        .       ,     ,        ,        ,   ,   .    : , ,  ,          .  ,        ,       . Bj?rn Hettne, The Double Movement: Global Market versus Regionalism, The New Realism: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order, ed. R. W. Cox (NewYork: United Nations University Press, 1998).].     ,      ,    砖   .        ,           .

     - .         ,              ,       .  ,  頖    [21 -   ,        .        .      . John Austin, How to do Things with Words (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962).].

        ⠖     ࠖ   ,      .   XXI.    .                [22 -   ,        ,        ,      ,        . Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1983).].        ,   .      ,        ,       [23 -                 ,  ,                         . Edward H. Carr, The Twenty Years Crisis, 19191939, 2nd ed. (London: Macmillan, 1946).].  ,         ,           ,  , ,  ,     [24 -      -    ,  ,      ,       .            ,      .     ,      . Rens Van Munster, Logics of Security: The Copenhagen School, Risk Management and the War on Terror (University of Southern Denmark, Political Science Publications, 2005); Holger Stritzel, Towards a Theory of Securitization: Copenhagen and Beyond, European Journal of International Relations 13, no. 3 (2007): 35783.].

 ,     ,     :  ,    ,  .        ,          .       ,     , ,   ,   .  ,         .          ,     .

     , ,  ,      .          ,  , [25 -      ,           .  , ,  ,        ,    .  ,  ,             ,            .         ,         ,      . Emma Rothschild, What is Security? Daedalus 124, no. 43 (1995): 5390; T. Hobbes, The Leviathan (Abingdon: OxfordUniversity Press, 1998).].              ,    ,     ,   -           [26 - Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979), 168.].

        ,  .                     .  ,       ,   ,  ,   ,  ,  ,    ,    , ,   ,    .

   .   ,      ,    ,                      [27 - David Singer, Threat-Perception and the Armament-Tension Dilemma, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2 (1958): 90; http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/172848?uid=3739656&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21103253585827.].            ,     [28 - Robert Owen Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr, Power and Interdependence (Harlow: Longman, 2001).].   , ,     .            []       [29 - Jessica T. Mathews, Redefining Security, Foreign Affairs 68, no. 2 (1989): 16277; http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/44331/jessica-tuchman-mathews/redefining-security.],    ,       .

 ,    ,   ,    ,  , ,   , ,      .                 .              ,   ,  ,    .   ,   ,       .

         ,   ,   ,     ,     [30 -   ,     ,        ,   ,     ,   ,   ,        .].     ,      ,     ,    ,  ,  [31 - ,  ,                 . ,             ,        .].             ,     ,  .               .     ,           .         ,      .        . ,      ,  .     :          . ,              .  , ,    ,    ,          ,       [32 -         ,      ,  ,       . Matt McDonald, Constructing Insecurity: Australian Security Discourse and Policy Post-2001, International Relations 19, no. 3 (2005): 297320.].

    .    ,       ,    ,          젖     .      ,   ,       蠖 .  ,          ,      蠖   ,    ,    [33 - ,              (  ,      )     ,     (CNN  BBC),               . K. Booth, Security and Emancipation, Review of International Studies 17 (1991): 31326; http://didierbigo.com/students/readings/booth1991emancipationsecurity.pdf.].

    ,   ,   ,    ,     .  ,    ,       ,        ,       ,    [34 -              ,         .         .            -  20072008.        (,  ,    ..),      (,  ,  ,    ..).].     ,      ,   .    XXI.      ,                  [35 - Robert Kagan, Power and Weakness, Policy Review 113 (June/July 2002); http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/7107.].

      .                 ,  - , ,   ,    .         ,     -      -     .           ,              ,     [36 -       ,    .   ,       ,    . ,    ,     ,      ,      ,    .    II.  ..      ;     . Sallust, Sallust, .John Carew Rolfe (London: Harvard University Press, 1960).    200       ,       .      ,         .].             ,  , ,     ,        [37 - Stephen Walt, The Renaissance of Security Studies, International Studies Quarterly 35, no. 2 (1991): 21139; http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/political_science/shared/political_science/1702/1-Walt-1991-ISQ-Renaissance-security-studies.pdf.].




1.2.            ?


             .  ,      ,           .  ,        [38 -  ,         ,        . Gregory Koblentz, Biosecurity Reconsidered: Calibrating Biological Threats and Responses, International Security 34, no. 4 (2010): 96132.].

               .   -             .      ,             .     [39 - ࠖ   ,       ,              . Theoretical Essays, ed. W. F. Hanrieder (NewYork, David McKay, 1971), 269.].

     ,       ,       ,                  [40 - Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (London: Sage Publications Ltd., 1992).].        ,    ,         .       [41 -     ,                  ,    ,              .       ,            堖   .].

           ,    [42 - J. Ann Tickner, Gender and International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving Global Security (NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1992).].    ,     .            ,  ,       ,    ,    .  ,          [43 -  ,     ,     .     -    ,      ,    . E. J. Meehan, The Concept Foreign Policy, Comparative Foreign Policy: Theoretical Essays, ed. W. F. Hanrieder (NewYork, David McKay, 1971), 269.].        ,         ,       .




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       ,          ,  ,   [44 -     : -,     ,     -     ,       . -,     ,    ,    . -,     ,          ,  . Hedley Bull, Society and Anarchy in International Relations, Diplomatic Investigations, eds. H. Butterfield and M. Wight (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968), 3550.].          ,     ,    .          ,   ,     .       렖 , , ,   ,        .

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 ࠖ   ,      16%     71%   [45 - John Naisbitt, Megatrends: Ten New Directions Transforming Our Lives (NewYork: Warner Books, 1982).].      .  ,  100    ,     .                 ,     .        .

  :              ?        ,       ,   ,        .         . ,   ,      ,    -     ,     ,      [46 - World Energy Council, World Energy Resources Hydropower 2016.].

   ,    ,                  .       ,     .  ,       [47 - Chinas Yunnan Defends Dam Building as Activists Head to Court, Reuters, March 12, 2018; https://www.reuters.com/article/china-parliament-hydropower/chinas-yunnan-defends-dam-building-as-activists-head-to-court-idUSL4N1QP3U1.].    ,  ,  , , ,     ,      ,          .

   ⠖  ѻ              .     ,      .   [48 -    ,    Amaila Falls  $840.         ,  $175    .     Guyana Power and Light   $100,           .       Amaila Falls  $56. ,           165,   ,   . Hydropower in Guyana: Shrouded in Secrecy, The Economist, May 4, 2013; http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21577090-small-dam-big-argument-shrouded-secrecy.]   ,    .      ,  ,   ,  ,         ,        .                ,     .

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       ,   .       ,           . ,   ,               [54 - REN21. Renewables 2017 Global Status Report.].     ,         .  ,          ,      ,        .       ,    ,      ,       , ,        ,  ,     .

            ,        .  2016.   ,  , , , , ,  , , , ,     ,           [55 -  .].              ,  -    .

 ,       .  General Electric      ,         ,   ,   ,      ,          .      . -,       , ,      ,           . -,  ,  ,          ,         .

 , ,          [56 -  .].  ,      .            .  1931.,   ,          :         .   ! ,    ,     ,     [57 -   ,    ,   ,   , ,     ,      .].     ,           ,     .       :     (concentrating solar thermal power, CSP)    (photovoltaic, PV)[58 - James Newton, Uncommon Friends: Life with Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone, Alexis Carrel & Charles Lindbergh (NewYork: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987), 31.].                    ,    PV     .           (  $4  1  2007.   $1,8  1  2015.)[59 -             .     (CVP)               .        (     ),  젖  . International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org/topics/solarpvandcsp/ ( : 13.05.2014).   2012.      100. REN21, Renewables 2013 Global Status Report (Paris: REN21, 2013), 40.].                    ,   ,   ,   ,   ,     .         ,      (,    ,       )[60 - World Energy Council, World Energy Resources Report 2016; https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/World-Energy-Resources-Full-report-2016.10.03.pdf.].     ,       :      ,   ,      .   CSP     . ,           .       CSP, Shouhang Dunhuang,  2016.[61 -  .].        ,      46%,             (concentrated photovoltaics, CPV)[62 - REN21, Renewables 2017 Global Status Report.].   CPV      .

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      [64 -      ,  ,  , , , , , ,           .        ,    .         ()    ,      . Nancy Stauffer, Research Spotlight: Algae System Transforms Greenhouse Emissions into Fuel, The MIT Energy Research Council, 2006; http://web.mit.edu/erc/spotlights/alg-all.html ( : 05.12.2013).].  1893.  ,   , :          .          ,        [65 -   2012.   83     . REN21, Renewables 2013 Global Status Report, 27.].

               .      ,   -,       ,        ,    .             2005  2017.   10,5%,   21%-         10[66 - Rudolf Diesel, The Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Engine (London: E & F. N. Spon, 1894), 9.].

        ,          [67 - REN21, Renewables 2017 Global Status Report.].            .    :         10%   ,       20%[68 -       , ,    .  ,        ,   .].       ,      .

 ,                 ,   ,     . ,               ,  ,   .  ,  ,      ,    ,   ,     .     ,   ,     ,         .

            ,          ⠖  .             (           )[69 -          ,    ,            ,     10% .  , ,  3%      .  . International Energy Agency, Technology Brief T06June 2010 (Paris: IEA, 2010). : https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/etp2010.pdf.],           .  ,        ,    ,     .

    [70 -       ,      ,  -    .         54  .        ,        ,  ,     .   2012.     30-           .              ,         ,      . . Brian Winter, Insight: U.S. and Brazil At Last, Friends on Ethanol, Reuters, September 14, 2012. : http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/14/us-brazil-us-ethanol-idUSBRE88D19520120914 ( : 03.12.2013).]     .              ,           .               ,        .         ,        ,    .

 ,      ,        ,       .    ,         ,         ,      .

        ,               .         .  ,             ,          .

     ,       . ,  FORGE,    [71 -    ,        . ,    ,  .      ,         ,        .             . . Ronald Dipippo, Ideal Thermal Efficiency for Geothermic Binary Plants, Geothermics 36, no. 3 (June 2007); The Future of Geothermal Energy Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) on the U.S. in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006). : http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/pdfs/future_geo_energy.pdf.],           (enhanced geothermal systems, ESG).        ,  ,          [72 - .   www.forgeutah.com/.].       ,         頖          .


2.1.3. , , ,  ,            

                . ,      ,    , , ,        ,        ,      .        ,         .

              .   ,      ,         .          ,    ,      .   ,      ,      ,  ,  ࠖ 픻[73 - https://www.cornwall.gov.uk/business/economic-development/geothermal/.].      :   ,    ( )   [74 -   Nature 344, is. 6262 (March 1990): 102.]. ,      ,        .   ,           .

    .        ,        .           ,     , , ,    [75 -          :  ,    .          .  ꠖ    ,    . ࠖ ,     .      ()   ().     ,       .    ,      . ,    ,   ,   . . National Geographic Education. : http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/tidal-energy/?ar_a=1 ( : 29.03.2014).].           ,   ,    ,   .                ,      .  ,            .

      ,    .      ,       .    ,   .        ,               [76 - REN21, Renewables 2017 Global Status Report.].                ,          [77 - World Energy Council, World Energy Resources 2016.        ., , K. Gunn  C. Stock-Williams, Quantifying the Potential Global Market for Wave Power,    4-       17 2012.].

  ,          . , ,         ,         ,     .

  , 䠖   ,           [78 - World Energy Council, World Energy Resources 2016.].     .     ,    ,       .       ,  -   堖   ,     .       ,      .              [79 -         ,      .         ,    (),     . NASA     1970- .         .       ,     ( ),   .        ,   ,        .      . Sandra Curtin  Jennifer Gangi, Fuel Cell Technologies Market Report 2016 (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Department of Energy, 2017). : https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/10/f37/fcto_2016_market_report.pdf.].        ,        .

           .        ,     ,      .         ࠖ   .          ,   .        .              (,   ).

              ,         ,  .          ,         (Р ITER, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor).           .         ,             [80 -  .].        20[81 -   2006.   (   )  2018.       .        2035. -  , , , , ,   . . https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/dec/06/iter-nuclear-fusion-project-reaches-key-halfway-milestone.].

     , ,         45%[82 - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-10-20/renewable-energy-threatens-the-world-s-biggest-science-project.],          .   , ,       ,    [83 -    45,6%,  6    9,1%.       :             ,   . : https://www.iter.org/proj/Countries.].  ,     ,    ,         . ,      ,   ,         . ,      ,        ,      [84 - European Fusion Development Agreement, Fusion Electricity: A Roadmap to the Realization of Fusion Energy (EFDA, November, 2012), 66. : https://www.euro-fusion.org/fileadmin/user_upload/EUROfusion/Documents/Roadmap.pdf.].

      蠖   ,               [85 - : https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/20171020/renewable-energy-threatens-the-world-s-biggest-science-project/ ( : 12.12.2017).].                .       .

       .                  .  ,   ,      .             ,       [86 -     . https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=electricity_magnets.].

       (atmospheric vortex engines, AVE),    ,      .       -3 (He3)  .            ,  ,         .                    [87 -                  .     (JAXA)   2030.      ,        () ,      .          ,              .         蠖      . . Practical Application of Space-Based Solar Power Generation,  Yasuyuki Fukumoro, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, April 2010. : http://www.jaxa.jp/article/interview/vol53/index_e.html.].

           .  ,   ,    ,        .  ,   ,        ,          .

         .            ,     ,       [88 - . Byung Yang Lee et al, Virus-Based Piezoelectric Energy Generation, Nature Nanotechnology 7 (May 2012): 351356.].

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2.2.        :        


 ,        -, -   ,   ,     .               ,      ,   ,    ,    ,                  [89 - . Freeman Dyson, Disturbing the Universe (NewYork: Harper & Row), 212.          .  I     , ,    I    100200.  II   ,   III        .].

    [90 -    ,     :  ,          (Common Ground Panel at Notre Dame, March 20, 2019, South Bend, Indiana).].    ,     - ,   ,  .          ,        .         ,    ,        .

           .      ,   ,      ,      .     ,    ,       [91 -    ,   , . Joel Garreau, Radical Evolution (NewYork: Doubleday, 2005); James Canton, The Extreme Future (NewYork: Dutton, 2006).].          ,  .

      .     ,     ,       .           ,        .   ,          ,  -   ,             .           XXI.,    .


2.2.1.    :       ?  

,            .    ,   ,   ,        .         ,     ,  .

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3.     蠖  ,   



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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



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