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Anne Helen Petersen

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Copyright  2020 by Anne Helen Petersen.    Janklow & Nesbit Associates

All rights reserved



 Anne Helen Petersen, 2020

 . , , 2022

   һ 2022




 


 .     ,       ,    COVID-19.     ,       .            ,  .  ,      ,  ,       ,    , ,       .  ,             ,    ,         ,     [1 - Annie Lowrey, Millennials Dont Stand a Chance, Atlantic, April 13, 2020.].

        ,  : ,  ,       .     ,    ,     2010-    ,         .   ,      , ,    - ;      -  ,          ,    ,  . ,      ,     ,     .     ,     ,       ,   ,     -,    ,   .

,  ,    .   ,    ,   ,   .      ,      .       - :   , ,   .    .

                .       .    ,   (    )    .    ,     :      ,    ,       .       ,   .

   COVID-19   ,  ,         .   ,         :   New York Times,          ,      ,    .             .    ,  ,     ,    ,    .      .          .

    ,  ,  COVID-19  .  ,     ,   ,   ,    ,      .  ,         ,    ,  ,    .      ,      ,         ,    .    .    .      .   ,      .

 COVID-19    ,      .    ,    ,    ,    ,    .         ,  ,        .    ,     - , .

          ,  ,        .       ,    .        ,    .     ,   ,           -,       .            ,   .   ,       .

   .    ,     . ,    ,       :    ,    ,   ,  -       ,  .       .       ,  ,      ,      ,         .   ,   .   ,    ,   ,       .

 ,   ,   .   ,   .            X,      Z.  ,   ,   ,  ,     -  .   .







 ,   ,    BuzzFeed  Skype.   .

   2018, ,  ,     .    ,  .    ,     .

  ,    :  ,  ,  .  2016 2017         ,   ,      .                     ,     ,    .      ,      .        .      .  ,          ?    .

            . ,   ?    .  ,       . ,    ,       .         .   ,   .       ;  ,    .    ,         ,      ,   .

        .              ,   ,       .    , ,        .        , ,     - ,     .    , ,  .

  ,  , ,  ,     ,             .     , ,         .  ,     ,    ,      .   ,   .

    ,  :    ,     ,   .         .      ,  ,    - :   ,  ,   ,          .

    ,  ,   .    .      ,         ,     ,        ,     .      ,        ,           .   ,       .

  ,      :    ,          ,      ,   ,    .     ,    , ,   ,    ,      .      ,          .      軠             ,    .    :  ,       ,    .     .                .

    ,         : 1)  ,        ( ,     ); 2)  ,  ,            (, , ); 3)   ,          ( ,     ,    ,   ,    , ,          ).

  ,  ,        ,         ,  -,   .     ,   ,     .     ,   ,         .     ,    ,   ,  .

        .        -, ,     ,           . -      . -       .

,        ,          .     ?  .    ?      . ,       ,   ?      ,            .       , ,  ,    ,  .        ,      :     ,  .

    .  ,           .         .  ,        80- 90-      ,        .   ,      ,       ,    .      ,    ,  ,             .  ,           ?            ?       ?        ?       ?

  ,     ,    .  : 3000 , 7 000, 11 000.      4 000 .    ,    ,  ,       .     .        .

       ,    .     ,   ,   ,    , ,          ,           ,         .  ,    ,   .


* * *

        1974 ,         [2 - H.J. Freudenberger, Staff Burn-Out, Journal of Social Issues 30, no. 1 (1974): 15965.].     ,     .     ,      ;            , ,    .

     ,  ,         ,        . ,   ,          ,   ,    - ,    ,   ,   , ,    .  ,     ,         [3 - Ibid.].    ,         .  ,           ,  ,         .          ,         ,       . ,   ,   .

         :   ,   ,    ,   ,            .   1800-   (  )  ,       .     (  ) .

       .  ,      ,  Uber    .   ,    ,          70 .  ,     ,     ,   ,     .    ,          .     ,    2019         ,         [4 - Burn-out an occupational phenomenon: International Classification of Diseases. World Health Organization, May 28, 2019.].            .    .

 -  ,       :           ,               .   Pew Research Center,   ,  1996 , 2020     .  ,  1981 ,    .   ,    ,     , 73 [5 - Richard Fry, Millennials Projected to Overtake Baby Boomers as Americas Largest Generation, Pew Research Center, March 1, 2018.].       ,   - ,       .       ,   ,        .        ,       .     , ,    ,               .

      ,         ,    X.      :  蠫 ߻,    , 蠫-   ,          (  )    .

 ,      ,    ,        .     ,  ,     .     ,               ,    ,         ,      ,         .

  ,   ,   ,    ,      .     ,    ,       - ,    ,        ,       ,  , .  ,    ,   ,  ,    .         ,  -  .

      .   ,    ,         80- 90- ,             .       ,              ,     ,    , ,     ,  .       :      ,  ,   ,    , ,   ,    ,    -   .

   , ,    ,       ,    ,   ,   .  -    2010- .      :   ,   .        ,     ,   .          ,       .        $37000   ,      .             ,   .            ,  ,    -      , .   ,       .

    .        .     ,     ,    ,         .      ,   ,   .      ,       ,    .

      :    ,        .   -  -  .     -.     -.       -.    ,         .    ,     [6 - Erik Klinenberg, Palaces for the People: How Social Infrastructure Can Help Fight Inequality, Polarization, and the Decline of Civic Life (New York: Crown, 2018), 10.].    ,    , ,     ,             . ,  ,    ,       ,      ,      ,    ,      , ,   .

,             ,   ,           .    ,        .      ,    .       ,       .       ,       .         ,    ,              .

     ,    ,      .       .   ,        .          ,    .      ,       .          ,          ;    ,     ,      ,  ,  ,         .      ,         ,              .

    , ,       ,   .   ,     -.      :     ,   ,         ,   .    .   .


* * *

   ,       ,     .      ,        .   ,   .    ,       ,     ,        ,  .      ,   ,     ,              .    .     :            뻻.         .    ,     ,      .       ,          .

    .          ,       ,         ,      .    ,      ,    ,  ,     ,  .     .   ,        ,    ,          ,    .  ,     ,   ,        [7 -   All joy and no fun     ,         (    . .)]           .



  -     ,           .        ,      ,            ;      ,      .



    .  73  ,   2018 , 21%,      ,  . 25%      .  39%    [8 - Kristen Bialik and Richard Fry, Millennial Life: How Young Adulthood Today Compares with Prior Generations, Pew Research Center, February 14, 2019.].      ,   ,      .         ,     ,   ?         ,         ?    ,      ?    ,        ?

                 .     ,             :     ,  ,           [9 - Tiana Clark, This Is What Black Burnout Feels Like, BuzzFeed News, January 11, 2019.].          ,          .      ,             ,     ,      ,    1963     .   ,  ,          ,     ,   .  2020          : ,  ,  ,  , ,  ,    ,   ,    ,   [10 - Tressie McMillan Cottom, Nearly Six Decades After the Civil Rights Movement, Why Do Black Workers Still Have to Hustle to Get Ahead? Time, February 20, 2020.].

           ,             .   ?? ( ) ?? ( ),       ,    ,       ,   ,  .     ,    ,        .



    Pew Research Center,           .  ,         :       ,    ,  ,      ,  .      2004  ,  2015  48,7%      ,       21,4%[11 - Judith Scott-Clayton, What Accounts for Gaps in Student Loan Default, and What Happens After, Brookings Institute, June 21, 2018.].      ;    .



   ,  , -    ,  ,     .   ,     /  ,    ,    . ,       Vivitar       .            Facebook,         .     11    ,      ;       -     .



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1

  


, ?       !           .     , ,    ,    ,   .   : ,    蠫 80-     , ,  ,    .   ,       :  , ,    ,    .



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  ,     ,         .           :          (  ,   ),      (    ,   ).

 蠫       ,      .  ,    :    ,     ,     .        .     (Old Economy Steve)    Reddit 2012 .    1970-     ,     ,   ,      ,      .      : 30           ,    ;          400 ,   [12 - Hunter Schwartz, Old Economy Steve Is a New Meme That Will Enrage Millennials Everywhere, BuzzFeed, May 25, 2013.].



  TikTok   OK, ,   Z    -  ,  /  .     New York Times,          30 ,         ,   .           [13 - Taylor Lorenz, OK Boomer Marks the End of Friendly Generational Relations, New York Times, January 15, 2020.].



    ,     ;      .      , ,   ,                .      2019 :  ,             .    ,           .         ,   ,            .



,       ,    ,   ,   2018 ,    ,  20% ,                 14% ,       ,             .      2019    ,    200 000 : -         ,      ,       .



    ;         .       ,       ,    , ,          ,   ,   ,     :      ,         ,       ( )    .



 ,          . , -     ,            .    ,           .      80- 90- ,               .    ,   ,      ,  ,   .


* * *

   1946 1964 , -    18 ,                 .             .    73  , 72%    .    ,     .      ,  ,   , -    ,        .  1970-  ,     ,    ,     ,   .



 70- ,  ,    :       60-,         .  New York Magazine      70-  - (The Me Decade),          , ,    [14 - Tom Wolfe, The Me Decade and the Third Great Awakening, New York Magazine, August 23, 1976.]. -       ,  ,     : , ,        ,      . (!)   ,    70-.

  ,  ,         ,         : ,      ,                  .          ,   :   ,      , ,   .



 ,    ,       ,  .       ,           ,    :       ,    . ,       1935 ,        ,          .       :             ,             .    ,        ,     ,         .  1935              .   1935             .

        , ,     ,    .  1934  1950          .           ,            : ,             .      ,        ,      . ,        1938 ,  ,       ,      ,      .       ,    -  ,        ,   ,  ,    . (      -  ,         ,      ,   ,          ,        ,   ).

       ,       ,        : ,     ,         .          ,    ,        [15 - Marc Levinson, An Extraordinary Time: The End of the Postwar Boom and the Return of the Ordinary Economy (New York: Basic Books, 2016), 5.].         /  ,    .     ,   ,      ,        ,      .

       ,        .          ;     ,      ,     . ( 1950      20  ,   ; 2013      204  [16 - Elliot Blair Smith and Phil Kuntz, CEO Pay 1,795-to-1 Multiple of Wages Skirts U.S. Law, Bloomberg Businessweek, April 29, 2013.]).     ,   ,    ,      ,        ,       ,  .     ,    ,     .  ,   [17 - Louis Hyman, Temp: How American Work, American Business, and the American Dream Became Temporary (New York: Viking, 2018), 4.].

  ,       . ,         ,      .        ,  1954         ,  ,      ,   .   ,  1930-        ,       ,              .          ;           ;         ,     .


* * *

1950- 60-       .             ,  .       ,    ,        ,        :     , , ,      [18 - Jacob S. Hacker, The Great Risk Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the American Dream (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019), xiii.].    , ,  ,     ; ,  ,    .      :       ;         ,         .

                     (   ,    )   ,   ,             [19 - Robert Putnam, Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 1.].  ,   ,         .

        .                 .   ,     ,    ,       :  ,   ,   ,      [20 - Levinson, An Extraordinary Time.].       ,  ,           ,     .            ;  ,  ,  ,   ,     , , , ,     ,    [21 - . : Barbara Ehrenreich, Fear of Falling: The Inner Life of the Middle Class (New York: Pantheon, 1989), 6869.].

  ,       ,    .      ,      ,   ,           .      ,    .     ,      .             ,    




  .


   .

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notes








1


Annie Lowrey, Millennials Dont Stand a Chance, Atlantic, April 13, 2020.




2


H.J. Freudenberger, Staff Burn-Out, Journal of Social Issues 30, no. 1 (1974): 15965.




3


Ibid.




4


Burn-out an occupational phenomenon: International Classification of Diseases. World Health Organization, May 28, 2019.




5


Richard Fry, Millennials Projected to Overtake Baby Boomers as Americas Largest Generation, Pew Research Center, March 1, 2018.




6


Erik Klinenberg, Palaces for the People: How Social Infrastructure Can Help Fight Inequality, Polarization, and the Decline of Civic Life (New York: Crown, 2018), 10.




7


  All joy and no fun     ,         (    . .)




8


Kristen Bialik and Richard Fry, Millennial Life: How Young Adulthood Today Compares with Prior Generations, Pew Research Center, February 14, 2019.




9


Tiana Clark, This Is What Black Burnout Feels Like, BuzzFeed News, January 11, 2019.




10


Tressie McMillan Cottom, Nearly Six Decades After the Civil Rights Movement, Why Do Black Workers Still Have to Hustle to Get Ahead? Time, February 20, 2020.




11


Judith Scott-Clayton, What Accounts for Gaps in Student Loan Default, and What Happens After, Brookings Institute, June 21, 2018.




12


Hunter Schwartz, Old Economy Steve Is a New Meme That Will Enrage Millennials Everywhere, BuzzFeed, May 25, 2013.




13


Taylor Lorenz, OK Boomer Marks the End of Friendly Generational Relations, New York Times, January 15, 2020.




14


Tom Wolfe, The Me Decade and the Third Great Awakening, New York Magazine, August 23, 1976.




15


Marc Levinson, An Extraordinary Time: The End of the Postwar Boom and the Return of the Ordinary Economy (New York: Basic Books, 2016), 5.




16


Elliot Blair Smith and Phil Kuntz, CEO Pay 1,795-to-1 Multiple of Wages Skirts U.S. Law, Bloomberg Businessweek, April 29, 2013.




17


Louis Hyman, Temp: How American Work, American Business, and the American Dream Became Temporary (New York: Viking, 2018), 4.




18


Jacob S. Hacker, The Great Risk Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the American Dream (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019), xiii.




19


Robert Putnam, Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 1.




20


Levinson, An Extraordinary Time.




21


. : Barbara Ehrenreich, Fear of Falling: The Inner Life of the Middle Class (New York: Pantheon, 1989), 6869.


