 . , , 
 


   / Contemporary Western Rusistika
  ,                ,      ,                               , , ,  . ,        ,          ,   .

  a4.pdf    .





 

 . , , 





   .

 


Donna Tussing Orwin

Consequences of Consciousness

Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy



Stanford University Press

Stanford; California

2007



    



    

. . 



        








 Donna Tussing Orwin, text, 2007

 Stanford University Press, 2007

 . . ,   , 2021

 Academic Studies Press, 2021

   .  , 2022




 


                (Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, SSHRC).   ,   ,      .       ,    ,   1840- .

  4                锻 (Tolstoys Antiphilosophical Philosophy in Anna Karenina)         (Approaches to Teaching Tolstoys Anna Karenina)       . ,            :       ( . 2002. 1),      . .    . .      -       :  IV   , 2225  2005 ( , 2007).

  ,               ,              .   ,          ;  ,            ,       .        .    ,    ,      ,     .   ,         ,     ,   ,   -    ,      .      ,     .     ;                 .

                .         ,        .  ,             .    .

              .     ,      ,      .



          ;  ,      ,  .

      ,                ,   ,   ;        (.; ),   .

   . . . . . :  30. 2- ., . . .: , 19782019 (. );

   . . . . . :  30. .: , 19721990;

   . . . . . :  90. (). .; .: . ., 19281958.







,   .       .     .          .         ,      [1 -     ,     ,        (1854).  . . .:  30. . 19. .: , 1960. . 7].


            ,                  (19021977)[2 - .  .    .  ,      (The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. P.37;    1970 ).         (A Leg to Stand On. New York: Harper and Row, 1984)   .].   ,     ,          ,    ,   ,       .    ,      ,       ,          . (  ,       ,         . ,          ,      ;           [3 - . Luria A. R. The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound I Transl. by Lynn Solotaroff. New York: Basic Books, 1972. .  A. P.    :   . .: , 2017.       (Luria A. R. The Mind of a Mnemonist I transl. by Lynn Solotaroff. New York: Basic Books, 1968)      30   ,       (. 11).].)  ,      ,      XIX ,    ;           ,  . .   . . ,                   [4 - . Sacks . Luria and Romantic Science II Contemporary Neuropsychology and the Legacy of Luria I Ed. by Elkhonon Goldberg. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1990. P. 187.].            ,            ,    [5 - Ibid. P. 188.].      ,   1922      ,   ;        (19281929)   ,  ,   ,    ,        .

     ,          .              ,         ,              [6 - Ibid. . 182.].      ,  ,      19731977 ,      [7 - Ibid.].

      XIX ,    ,     ,     . , ,    .  ,            ,    ,    :           ,        蔻,           锻[8 - .  . .   .   ? .. . . .: , 1982. . .].   ,           ,     (   1902 )[9 -  . .1213.]. ,    ,             -,     .  1896              :



          ,   ,  ,     .       ,                     [10 -        4  1896 ; . :. R. Barton. The Thought and Character of William James: In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown, 1935. P. 709.].


         ,  ,    [11 - Ibid. Vol. 2. . 273 (testifying to the worth of life as revealed to an emancipated sympathy).].    ,           .       ,            ,     .  , ,       .                       [12 -   .    . William James in Russian Culture I Ed. by J. D. Grossman and R. Rischin. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.].

          ,  ,     ,  ,      .  ,     ,       ,          ,           .    -[13 -          (. Sacks . Luria and Romantic Science. P. 191).],       ,                    [14 - Ibid. P. 182.].  -    , ,  ,   ø,           ,    [15 - Cm. Halliwell Martin. Romantic Science and the Experience of Self: Transatlantic Crosscurrents from William James to Oliver Sacks. Studies in European Cultural Transition: Vol. 2. Aidershot, England: Ashgate, 1999. P. 19.].  ,        ,                  [16 - ., : Cavell Stanley: 1) The Senses of Walden. New York: Viking Press, 1972; 2) The New Yet Unapproachable America: Lectures After Emerson After Wittgenstein. Albuquerque, NM: Living Batch Press, 1989.].  ,      ,   ,     ,     ,  1830-,     ,      .

             ,          XIX .     ,    (       )     :       .       , ,  ,     ,     ,   - .        :             ,          ,            . (    ,    ,     ,      ,     .)    ,      ,   XIX      ,             .    . .   1920-      :    ,       ,      ,     .      ;                 ,    . -        ,     [17 - - .        1925  ? . . . . :   , 2014. . 273.].  ,    ,  ,     ,           .     ,   ,       ,     XIX .

          ,           : . . , . .   . . [18 -   4      ,       . . ;  8     . .].      ,    ,                .     , ,  ,          ,    ,   ,    ,   ,       .        ,      ,   .            ,         .    -        -   .

          ,        ,       .      , ,     ,     ,     ,         .       ,       ,              . ,   (  )         ,       .     ,         : ,   ,   ,     ,          .  ,   -,       ,        .

        ,         ,      [19 - . Fanger D. Dostoevsky and Romantic Realism: A Study of Dostoevsky in Relation to Balzac, Dickens, and Gogol. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.].            ,  . .         , ,  .                   ,         ,          ,       .         ,        .     ,    ,       ,          ,   [20 - , ,  1870      . .     , . .  ,          ( . .      :    . 3- . ., 1897. . 2. : Hague, Paris: Mouton, 1969. .5859). .   . .   . .: , 2007. .240250.].        ,            ()   () .    ,             ,  ,         .    ;           .

  ?    ˸,  ,   ,  ,   ,     ,                       - , , ,          : ,   ,      ,  ,   ,      ,   .       XIX ,   ˸,           ,  - [21 - ˸ .    :     XIX .    ? . . . ; . .   . . .:  , 2002. .273274.].     ,     ˸,   ;   ,      ,     ,      .

  1  ,          .        ,       ,    ,   ,  .     ,              ,      .        ,     .              XIX ,  ,  .              .         XVIII ,     1760-   1820-  .              1830-,          .    ,            .

  2, 3  4    ,         ,      .    ,      ,     .     ,           ,       ,           .  ,   ,      ,      .              ,          ,       . ,  ,      ,        ,      ,     ,      .  ,    ,     3.        ,        ,      .                   .   4           ,       ,   ,        1852   .    ,    ,     ,   ,      ,         ,       .

               5  6. ,    ,   . . ,  [22 - .  . .: 1)  . Paris: YMCA-PRESS, 1971. . 7, 54; 2)  . .: . , 1990. . 19.].    ,       ,  .      ,            ,      ,       .       ,     ,      ,         .          ,              ,    , ,          ,        ,  ,     .  ,  ,      .    ,  . . ,    ,     [23 -     . Malia Martin. Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism: 18121855. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.].   ,       ,                [24 - Ibid. P.112113.],     ,           ,        .      ,          ,      .

             ,   ,    .         ,   ,          .

 ,     1840-     ,           2001 :   (1968), ,      ,     ,    . ,          (1846),     .       (, 1842),     ,        ,   ,                 . (          .)     ,            ,        1840-,      .

        ,  ,               .        , ,          (  1850 ).  껠 ,           XIX ,        ,   ,     . ,    ,    ,       .   ,    ,   ,   :     ,       .    , ,    ,       ,     ,   ,       .  ,   ;     ,    ;    ,  ,            ,    ,    , ,   ,     .       ;                ,          ,      .

 ,     ,        ,       .      (   ),            .    ,    ,  ,       ,  -  .    ,    ,      ,   ,      .         ,          ,    ,    , ,        ,   ,  ,          . ,   ,    ,         .

  ,        ,    ?     [25 - .  3.  1. . . .],        (.:     养[26 -  . .  . :        ?  ,  ,   ?    .]).       ;   ,    ,     ;             (1860).            ,    .  5-            .       ,   ,       , ,   ,   .      ,    ,            .     7- ,        .

 8-           ,      ,   .             ,   XIX      .  ,              ,       ;              .       ,       .           ,   - ,        (1762), , ,     ,          ,   .          .           XX            ,      .        ;  ,    ,               .

         ,     ,    ,  ,        .           9- ,          .      ,       [27 - ., ,  Ideen zu einer Philosophic der Natur (1797) . :       <>    ( reflection therefore, is a spiritual sickness <> it is an evil; . no: Abrams M. H. Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature. New York: Norton, 1971. P. 219)               .],     ,  -   .

        .  ,   ,     ,           .      , ,     ,         ,        [28 - .      ,  .            , ,   .].    , ,     :        ,   [29 -  . . 1. . 29 (. . 18. . 107).]

     ,      ,                       .               (    )                  (loose baggy monsters)[30 -         (1890). .James . The Tragic Muse. Preface. New York: Scribner, 1908. P. X.  ,   ,              ,    1926 . . Lubbock . The Craft of Fiction. New York: Viking Press, 1957. P.3942.].         ,          .    ,        ,         .     , -     ,      , ,      ,    ,               .       ,    ,      -  ,  ,   ,     .            ,        .         ,    ,   ,    .        ,     ( ,      ),     ,        ,     .

      (18751877)              (1857)  ,             .      -   ,   ,      ,    .      , , ,          ,         .      ,   ,        ,   ,      .       ,          ,        .            . (       ,   .)  ,   ,           ,   ,       ,      . (     ,  ,          ,   .)      ,         , ,   ,      .        .      ,   ,    ,         . ,  ,    ,    ,      ,  ,      .

  : ,          ,         . ߻,    ,   ,    ,         ,         .     ,    , , ,  ,        .                   .  , ,  ,     ,  ,      ,            ,       .            ,  ,    ,           .      :   ,             ,        .           .              .

      ,      ,         ,   ,    [31 - . Halliwell . Romantic Science and the Experience of Self: Transatlantic Crosscurrents from William James to Oliver Sacks. P.1415.].  ,   ,          ,     .      ,  ,       .         :   ,       ,        ,    .  -         ,      [32 -       . Engelhardt Dietrich von. Romanticism in Germany // Romanticism in National Context I Ed. by. K. Porter and M. Teich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. P.109133.].        , ,        ,  .      ,           -        .




 

     ,     


      ,        -    [33 - . . . 1. . 224 (, , . ø).].


  ,         [34 -        (1843) ( . . . .:  30. . 3. .:  , 1954. . 7).].




* * *

             .       ,           .   ,   ,        ,       ,             .     ,             .       ,   ,        ,   .         ,      ,       1840-         .

    ,         .        ,      ,         .       ,                [35 -  . . . . .:  13. . 4. .:  , 1954. . 253.]. , ,    ,              ,         .       ,         .   ,  ,        ,       .

         :        ,     ,         [36 -            ,      ,          ; . Whittaker Cynthia Hyla. Russian Monarchy: Eighteenth-Century Rulers and Writers in Political Dialogue. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003. P. 77, 84, 102.].  ,      ,        :        ,       ,       .             ,   ,        .   ,  ,                 .              ,        ,       ,           .     ,                .

    I      ;      .      (1762)         ,  -.            ,     :



   .  ,    ,    ,  , ,   ,     .         ;     ,    .      ,         .      ,       .    ,      , ,       . -     ,      .  ,     ,    ,         .        ,            .     , ,      ,   .      - ,     ,  ,    ,    .  -   ,     ,     .          . ,     ,  ,   , .     .       [37 -  .-.    //  .-.  ? . . . . -, . . , . . , . . . .: , 1969 (. . ). . 183.].


 ,    ,       [38 -  1836  . .          , , ,     ;     I            .   ,    ,  , , ,         .   ,                    ,      .         , ,    ,     ,          ,    .     .  . .   . .: . , 1991. .5055; Walicki Andrzej. The Slavophile Controversy: History of a Conservative Utopia in Nineteenth-Century Russian Thought I Transl. by Hilda Andrews-Rusiecka. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987 (ch. 3).].         ,   ( )   .                ,    ,              .              ,       .







   XVIII  XIX                   ,   .           .     ,   .    -,  ,       ,    ,    ,              ,    .  ,  1779 ,         ,   .     ,      (,      )      .   1785 ,          ,      ,     ,        [39 -          . . ,   ,         ,      ,     . . . .  . . .  :   , 19571990.   . .: -, 1997. .3942.].

        :               .   -  :             XVIII ,       .    , ,        ,       .      ,     .              ;      ,             .   ,  ,       ,      , ,   , [40 - ..            (   蔅)    :       . .  . .   . .: , 1991. . 1.4. 1.. 138, 140.].         .

      ,         .  1792 ,       셻 , ,     ,     .        ;          .      ,       ,   . ,       ,      ,      .     .

      ,    . . .    (  )        ,   1799  . . [41 - .  . .       . .  (    XVIII.) //  . . . .617620. . .      ;             ( 1798 ),        .       ,        .].    ,  ,  ,  .      ,     ,       ,         .           ,  ,        ,      [42 -  . .618620.].         ,     ,   .

 ,           ,     ,       ,     .     (1834)   ;        ,   ;     ,  ,   ,        .      .      ,      .      ,      .

  ,        ,     XVIII ,         .      ,     ,           ,     [43 -         .  . .    :  . .: , 1978. .4951.].         ,   1840-    ,           [44 -  . . . . . . 7. . 132.].

-,         ,  ;      :    !     ,             ,         .           ,       . (       .)       ,      .              ,             ,     [45 - . Hammarberg G. From the Idyll to the Novel: Karamzins Sentimentalist Prose.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. P.46, ami passim.].     ,        XVIII ,      ,         . , ,   ,      ,      .  ,       ,       ,       .

  ,       ,         ,    .    ,  ,    ,       ,  ,        ,        .       ,        ,                  ,    .   , ,   ,          ,    (1762),                -.

 ,       ,     ,         .    XVIII                    ,    .       XIX   , ,  ,             ,      [46 -  . .     1800-1810- . //  . .. .350351.].  ,         -,   XVIII   ,   .       ,               .







       .      ,  ,               .        (18231830),        (18341836),     (1834)    (1831).           ,   -            .

          ,            .        ,    [47 -    껠        ,   (  ) .           ,      .], , ,         .         :



      , , ,  . ,  ,    ,      .    ,           ,    ,      ,    ,   .

                .        ,       .     ,  (  )    :        ,       ,        ? ,                   [48 -  . . . . .:  10. . 6. .:  (. .), 1978. . 70.].


   , ,         ,    .         ,   ,      ,  ,    .      ,      ,    ,  ,  ,        ,   .  ,     ,      ,   :



  ,  ,     (       .)   ,   ,       (     St.-Preux).      酻[49 -  . . 79.]


  ,    ,      ,     ,     ,   ,           .   ,                   ,      ,      .  ,            :         ,     ,  ,       ( ,   )     .      ,     ,        ,            ,         .     (, ,   )     ,        ,    .     ,    ; ,           ,       .  ,  -  ,                  ,       .

      : ,   ,    ,   .               :  ,    ,     , ,     .          ,  ,   . . ,      [50 -  . .       //  . . :  ;   , 19601990;  : . .: -, 1995. .452453.].

         ,        .      , ,    :    ,   ,    , ,   ,      .         ,    ,   ,     [51 - .  : Todd W. . HI. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. P. 116.].      ,               .      -            ,  -   ,      ,         .      ,      .  ,     ,        .    ,         ,         .  ,  ,     , honnete homme ( ),          ,        .                [52 - Todd W. M. HI. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin. P.3337.].







       ,     ,        ,   .                 -         ,       ,     ,       ,     .      (    ),     ,      ,       .      2,       , ,                  ,     ,           .

 ,      ,    ,   [53 - Ibid. .142, 160161.].   ,       [54 -  . . . . . . 4. . 254.],       ,    .     ,               :

     ,  .  ,         ,   .    :       ,     ; ,  ,        ,   ?..[55 -  . . 252.]

     :        ,    ,         [56 -  . . 253.].     ,     (  )   (    )  ,      (1825),  ,       [57 -  . .253254.     ,        ,      7.].     :



         ,      .        ,       . :    ,    ,     ,    ,  ,      [58 -  . . 254.].


,       ,    , , , [59 -  . . 253. ,      .].    ,       (  , ,        ),   -     , ,      ,             ,           .    ( )    ,              ,      [60 -    .  7.].          1840-.







          ,      .              ,                 .     (1859),  ,       :



     .   ,  ,      ,   , -      ,   ,   ,  ,    - ,              ;      [61 - . . . 6. . 38.].


     . , ,         .               ,    .

   -      ,  [62 -    ,    . .      . .  . .     1800-1810- . . 386.].



      ;     .        ;  , ,   ,    ,  .      ;     ,       ,          .   ,   ,   ,     ,             ,           ,       ,      [63 - . . . 6. . 43.].


                  ,     .    ,            ( ),       ,   ,   .        ,     ,      .    ; ,      (         ; ,  ,      ),   ,  [64 -  . . 157.].      ,    ,                 .

  ,   ,   ,     ,    ,      ,   ,    (, , ,  ).  , ,  ,  -   ,            .            ,     .     ,      ø,        ,   ,   ,  .    ,     ,     (    ) ,     .              ø.    ,      . 򻠖              .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/donna-orvin/sledstviya-samoosoznaniya-turgenev-dostoevskiy-tolstoy/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


    ,     ,        (1854).  . . .:  30. . 19. .: , 1960. . 7




2


.  .    .  ,      (The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985. P.37;    1970 ).         (A Leg to Stand On. New York: Harper and Row, 1984)   .




3


. Luria A. R. The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound I Transl. by Lynn Solotaroff. New York: Basic Books, 1972. .  A. P.    :   . .: , 2017.       (Luria A. R. The Mind of a Mnemonist I transl. by Lynn Solotaroff. New York: Basic Books, 1968)      30   ,       (. 11).




4


. Sacks . Luria and Romantic Science II Contemporary Neuropsychology and the Legacy of Luria I Ed. by Elkhonon Goldberg. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1990. P. 187.




5


Ibid. P. 188.




6


Ibid. . 182.




7


Ibid.




8


.  . .   .   ? .

. . . .: , 1982. . .




9


 . .1213.




10


       4  1896 ; . :

. R. Barton. The Thought and Character of William James: In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown, 1935. P. 709.




11


Ibid. Vol. 2. . 273 (testifying to the worth of life as revealed to an emancipated sympathy).




12


  .    . William James in Russian Culture I Ed. by J. D. Grossman and R. Rischin. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.




13


         (. Sacks . Luria and Romantic Science. P. 191).




14


Ibid. P. 182.




15


Cm. Halliwell Martin. Romantic Science and the Experience of Self: Transatlantic Crosscurrents from William James to Oliver Sacks. Studies in European Cultural Transition: Vol. 2. Aidershot, England: Ashgate, 1999. P. 19.




16


., : Cavell Stanley: 1) The Senses of Walden. New York: Viking Press, 1972; 2) The New Yet Unapproachable America: Lectures After Emerson After Wittgenstein. Albuquerque, NM: Living Batch Press, 1989.




17


- .        1925  ? . . . . :   , 2014. . 273.




18


  4      ,       . . ;  8     . .




19


. Fanger D. Dostoevsky and Romantic Realism: A Study of Dostoevsky in Relation to Balzac, Dickens, and Gogol. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.




20


, ,  1870      . .     , . .  ,          ( . .      :    . 3- . ., 1897. . 2. : Hague, Paris: Mouton, 1969. .5859). .   . .   . .: , 2007. .240250.




21


˸ .    :     XIX .    ? . . . ; . .   . . .:  , 2002. .273274.




22


.  . .: 1)  . Paris: YMCA-PRESS, 1971. . 7, 54; 2)  . .: . , 1990. . 19.




23


    . Malia Martin. Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism: 18121855. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.




24


Ibid. P.112113.




25


.  3.  1. . . .




26


 . .  . :        ?  ,  ,   ?    .




27


., ,  Ideen zu einer Philosophic der Natur (1797) . :       <>    ( reflection therefore, is a spiritual sickness <> it is an evil; . no: Abrams M. H. Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature. New York: Norton, 1971. P. 219)               .




28


.      ,  .            , ,   .




29


 . . 1. . 29 (. . 18. . 107).




30


        (1890). .

James . The Tragic Muse. Preface. New York: Scribner, 1908. P. X.  ,   ,              ,    1926 . . Lubbock . The Craft of Fiction. New York: Viking Press, 1957. P.3942.




31


. Halliwell . Romantic Science and the Experience of Self: Transatlantic Crosscurrents from William James to Oliver Sacks. P.1415.




32


      . Engelhardt Dietrich von. Romanticism in Germany // Romanticism in National Context I Ed. by. K. Porter and M. Teich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. P.109133.




33


. . . 1. . 224 (, , . ø).




34


       (1843) ( . . . .:  30. . 3. .:  , 1954. . 7).




35


 . . . . .:  13. . 4. .:  , 1954. . 253.




36


           ,      ,          ; . Whittaker Cynthia Hyla. Russian Monarchy: Eighteenth-Century Rulers and Writers in Political Dialogue. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003. P. 77, 84, 102.




37


 .-.    //  .-.  ? . . . . -, . . , . . , . . . .: , 1969 (. . ). . 183.




38


 1836  . .          , , ,     ;     I            .   ,    ,  , , ,         .   ,                    ,      .         , ,    ,     ,          ,    .     .  . .   . .: . , 1991. .5055; Walicki Andrzej. The Slavophile Controversy: History of a Conservative Utopia in Nineteenth-Century Russian Thought I Transl. by Hilda Andrews-Rusiecka. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987 (ch. 3).




39


         . . ,   ,         ,      ,     . . . .  . . .  :   , 19571990.   . .: -, 1997. .3942.




40


..            (   蔅)    :       . .  . .   . .: , 1991. . 1.4. 1.. 138, 140.




41


.  . .       . .  (    XVIII.) //  . . . .617620. . .      ;             ( 1798 ),        .       ,        .




42


 . .618620.




43


        .  . .    :  . .: , 1978. .4951.




44


 . . . . . . 7. . 132.




45


. Hammarberg G. From the Idyll to the Novel: Karamzins Sentimentalist Prose.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. P.46, ami passim.




46


 . .     1800-1810- . //  . .

. .350351.




47


   껠        ,   (  ) .           ,      .




48


 . . . . .:  10. . 6. .:  (. .), 1978. . 70.




49


 . . 79.




50


 . .       //  . . :  ;   , 19601990;  : . .: -, 1995. .452453.




51


.  : Todd W. . HI. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. P. 116.




52


Todd W. M. HI. Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin. P.3337.




53


Ibid. .142, 160161.




54


 . . . . . . 4. . 254.




55


 . . 252.




56


 . . 253.




57


 . .253254.     ,        ,      7.




58


 . . 254.




59


 . . 253. ,      .




60


   .  7.




61


. . . 6. . 38.




62


   ,    . .      . .  . .     1800-1810- . . 386.




63


. . . 6. . 43.




64


 . . 157.


