  .        (18901920)
 


   / Contemporary Western Rusistika
  . .  (18711944)      ,        .   ,     ,          .     ,       ,       .      -   -     (1912 ),            ,           ,     fin de si?cle.

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      ,      ,  .   򻠖   ,    1980-   1990- .   : Portrait of a Russian Province: Economy, Society, and Civilization in Nineteenth-Century Nizhnii Novgorod (2011); , , :       (., 1997). Catherine Evtuhov is a professor of history at Columbia University in New York. Her interests include the history of Russian thought, primarily in the imperial period, in European context, material culture and local history, and the history of the Black Sea region and Russian-Ottoman relations.

  PDF A4    .

Catherine Evtuhov resurrects the brilliant and contradictory currents of turn-of-the-century Kiev, Moscow, and St. Petersburg through an intellectual biography of Sergei Bulgakov (18711944), one of the central figures of the Silver Age. The son of a provincial priest, Bulgakov served first as one of Russia's most original and influential interpreters of Marx, and then went on to become the century's most important theologian of the Orthodox faith. As Evtuhov recounts the story of Bulgakov's spiritual evolution, she traces the impact of seemingly opposed philosophical and religious world views on one another and on the course of political events. In the first comprehensive analysis of Bulgakov's most important religious-philosophical work, Philosophy of Economy, Evtuhov identifies a "perceptual revolution" in Russian thinking about economy, a significant contribution to European modernist thought which both shaped and grew out of contemporary debates over land reforms. She reconstructs Bulgakov's vision of an Orthodox, constitutional Russia, shows how he tried to put it into practice in the wake of the February Revolution, and demonstrates its importance for a large and influential portion of Russian society.





 

  .        (18901920)



Catherine Evtuhov

The Cross & the Sicle

Sergei Bulgakov and the Fate of Russian Religious Philosophy



Academic Studies Press 

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2021



    








 Catherine Evtuhov, , 1997

 Cornell University Press, 1997

 . . ,   , 2021

 Academic Studies Press, 2021

     , 2021








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    YMCA Press, 



      ,      .

      ,      ,  .   򻠖   ,    1980-   1990- .   : Portrait of a Russian Province: Economy, Society, and Civilization in Nineteenth-Century Nizhnii Novgorod (2011); , , :       (., 1997). Catherine Evtuhov is a professor of history at Columbia University in New York. Her interests include the history of Russian thought, primarily in the imperial period, in European context, material culture and local history, and the history of the Black Sea region and Russian-Ottoman relations.



Catherine Evtuhov resurrects the brilliant and contradictory currents of turn-of-the-century Kiev, Moscow, and St. Petersburg through an intellectual biography of Sergei Bulgakov (18711944), one of the central figures of the Silver Age. The son of a provincial priest, Bulgakov served first as one of Russia's most original and influential interpreters of Marx, and then went on to become the century's most important theologian of the Orthodox faith. As Evtuhov recounts the story of Bulgakov's spiritual evolution, she traces the impact of seemingly opposed philosophical and religious world views on one another and on the course of political events. In the first comprehensive analysis of Bulgakov's most important religious-philosophical work, Philosophy of Economy, Evtuhov identifies a "perceptual revolution" in Russian thinking about economy, a significant contribution to European modernist thought which both shaped and grew out of contemporary debates over land reforms. She reconstructs Bulgakov's vision of an Orthodox, constitutional Russia, shows how he tried to put it into practice in the wake of the February Revolution, and demonstrates its importance for a large and influential portion of Russian society.




   


      [1 -     1997   ,    . . .].        ,       ,   ,         .           1997 .  ,    ,      ,     ,    ,    XX ,     . , ,         ,          .                .     ,        ,   ,     ,        XX   ;     , ,   ,             .

              . .   . .        fin de siecle    ,      , , ,   ,  ,       .  ,  , , , ,    ,           XX ,        ,  X.  ,  ,  [2 - Stuart Hughes . Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought, 18901930. New York, 1958; Shattuck R. The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant-Garde in France, 1885 to World War I. New York, 1955; Schorske C. Fin de Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture. New York, 1979.].   :     ,      1890- ,    ?     ,   ?      , ,   ,              .       .    ,     ( ,        )   ,         ,      .  ,    1905  ,     ;            .

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       ,      .       -   - ,   (1912)[3 - .     : Bulgakov S. Philosophy of Economy: The World as Household. Yale University Press, 2000.].      -.                 1890- ;           ,    ,      .  ,       ,         ,  ,        1930- .       ,     ,           ,    ,     ,  ,     ,   ,         .     ?,        ,   ,    XIX .       [4 -  . . 9,   . [166].].     ,            , ,      XIX ,  , , ,   ,           XIX ,       [5 - .[186].].          ,      .         XIX    Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien. Ein Versuch (1860) (     (1876))        Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature ( ) (1971).          ,     ,          ,         .



,                     ,       .        ,     ,    .

       :         .  , , ,        , ,  ..    .            ,     ,            .

    .       ,   ,  (. )      ,    . , , ,   ,        [6 -  .    (   ).  2. : YMCA PRESS, 1948.].            .      . . , . . , . .   [7 - ., .: . . : - :   ,  130-    / . . . . ; . . . , . . . .:  , 2003.];       . . [8 - ., .:  . .    . ., 2000;      : Sergius Bulgakov. The Bride of the Lamb', The Comforter; The Lamb of God. Eerdmans, 2002, 2004, 2008.]. ,     ,  ,      ,           (20022008).  ,    ,          .        ,   ,     ,      ,     .                .         [9 - URL: https://www.unifr.ch/sergij-bulgakov/de/ (https://www.unifr.ch/sergij-bulgakov/de/) ( : 01.06.2021).].

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                .  ,    , ,         ,    .         ,    ,            -         XX [12 - Emerson ., Pattison G., Poole R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought. Oxford UP, 2020.].  ,            ;    ,         ,    .       ,   ,  . . , . . , . . ,  .,          ()  XX [13 - Zernov N. The Russian Religious Renaissance of the Twentieth Century. New York, 1963.     . . -     ;     .  , ,  ,     .].

        ,    . , ,  :      ,  ,             fin de siecle.        :    ,           .

    ,         ,       ,        .     1980-       19171918 ,     ,       1989 ,         .                 XVII       ,          .         -  ,       ,     ,    .  2021    .          ,           [14 -         . . , . URL: http://sobor.spassdelo.ru/ (http://sobor.spassdelo.ru/) ( : 01.06.2021).].        ,    [15 -               : Hyacinthe Destivelle. Le concile deMoscou (19171918): la creation des institutions conciliaires de eglise orthodoxe russe. Paris, 2006.].          XIX        .      ,     ,     XX         .

       ,             , , ,            .     90-           ,     ,         ,     .               .


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  ,   ,     ,  .         .       .               XIX [16 -             1890-  1920-         -  (  ..).         :             , , ,   ,        .      ,  :    ,              ;       ; ,    (),    -  .  ,                .]. ,          , -       ,         .  ,         ,    ,            .      .  ,   ,  , ,        ,   ,  ,   ;            ,   .

 ,   ,        ,        1917 .   , ,  ,       , -            ,    ,         . ,          ,    ;               ,  ,     [17 -         : Read Ch. Religion, Revolution, and the Russian Intelligentsia, 19001912: The Vekhi Debate and Its Intellectual Background. London, 1979; Rosenthal B. G. Dmitri Sergeevich Merezhkovsky and the Silver Age: The Development of a Revolutionary Mentality. The Hague, 1975; Glatzer Rosenthal B. (ed.). Nietzsche in Russia. Princeton, 1986; Putnam G. F. Russian Alternatives to Marxism. Knoxville, Tenn., 1977; Scherrer J. Die Petersburger religios-philosophische Vereinigungen: Die Entwicklung des religiosen Selbstverstdndnis ihrer Intelligencija-Mitglieder (19011917). Berlin, 1973; Scheibert P. Die Petersburger religios-philosophischen Zusam-menkunfte von 1902 und 1903. Berlin, 1964; Schldgel K. Jenseits des Grofen Oktober: Das Laboratorium der Moderne, Petersburg 19091921. Berlin, 1988.         ,   .].             .     ,        :  ,      ,    ,  ,    ,          ,           ,     ,   [18 -         ,   :  .  . , 1946;  .    . , 1962;  .    XX . -, 1963.               8  :  .   . , 1937.      ,   ,   : Blane A. (ed.). Georges Florovsky: Russian Intellectual and Orthodox Churchman. Crestwood, NY, 1993.].

         XX        ,     fin de siecle. ,       fin de siecle  ,   , ,           .    ,      (1979; 2001)  , Banquet Years ( ) (1955)  , Conciousness and Society (  ) (1958) X.         Generation of 1914 ( 1914 ) (1979)  ,     ,           ,            .     ,                ,  ,        [19 -        : Nipperdey Th. Religion im Umbruch: Deutschland, 18701914. Munchen, 1988; Hilton B. The Age of Atonement: The Influence of Evangelicalism on Social and Economic Thought, 17951863. Oxford, 1988,   ,      . . : Anderson . L. Piety and Politics; Recent Work on German Catholicism II Journal of Modern History. 1991. 63. December. P.681716; Ford C. Religion and Popular Culture in Modern Europe II Journal of Modern History. 1993. 65. March. P.152175.].  ,            .         ,        ,   ,          ,  ,    ,    .



         .           :      ,          ,      ,       [20 -         -       .  ,       ,  ,  ,  ,     ,        .         (, 1962-);     (,     1985 );       (,     1968 );  : .  (, 19801993). . :  .,  .       //   ,      . , 1976.].   ,    ,  ,             ,        ,             .       ,         ,    ,   ,      ,           .

      - ,    ,    XIX .       ,          ,   1898      [21 - .: Rosenthal . G. Merezhkovsky; Bowlt J. The Silver Age: Russian Art of the Early Twentieth Century and the World of Art Groups. Newtonville, Mass., 1979.].        1830- ,   1894        .  ,                  ; ,       ,  , ,   ,       .  ,           ,    :    (   )      ,          .   ,             fin de siecle:    XIX         ,         .

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 , ,             XIX [22 - ,             : Walicki .  History of Russian Thought from the Enlightenment to Marxism. Stanford, 1979.].  ,           ;         ,           . ,                 ,  ,   ,      ,      [23 -             , , ,       ,   ,   ,   1880-   .        : Gustafson R. Leo Tolstoy, Resident and Stranger: A Study in Fiction and Theology. Princeton, 1986.].   ,        ,     :                  [24 -  H.   . M., 1982.       ,           .: Hagemeister . Nikolaj Fedorov: Studien zu Leben, Werk und Wirkung. Miinchen, 1989; Lukashevich St. N. F. Fedorov (18281903): A Study in Russian Eupsychian and Utopian Thought. Newark, 1977.0      .: Masing-Delic I. Abolishing Death: A Salvation Myth of Russian Twentieth-Century Literature. Stanford, 1992.].

      ,        .            ,            1870- .        ,       .          ;       ,     ,     ,        . , ,        ,         , ,             .        ,   ,            ,          ,               .    ,    ,        ,          [25 -       ,  ,    (Deutsch Kornblatt J. Solovievs Androgynous Sophia 11 Slavic Review. Winter. 1991)    (Copleston F. Russian Religious Philosophy: Selected Aspects. Kent, 1988),   . .   . . ,      (., 1988).].

   , , ,         ,   .            XIX ,   ,    1900-           .        ;                1880- .

       , , ,       XX ,  ,     [26 -            ,       ,        .].             ,    ,     ,     ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     . ,       1900- ,  1910-         , , , , , ,    .          ,        - ,        .                        ,           .      ,   ,        .

            ,           ,     ,     XIX .  1870-           ,    .     1870-      ,          ,   .      ,  ,   ,             (       ),       ,     [27 - ,    ,     ,     .].  1890-1900-     , ,    ,     [28 -  ,     XIX    1917 ,    (Stites R. Revolutionary Dreams. Oxford, 1989).    (Venturi  Roots of Revolution. New York, 1960)        ,     XIX     .],  .   ,      ,      ,   ,   ,            .

     ,  ,        ,                  .      ,       :    ,       1909    Ballets russes [29 -    ,   ,      (Gray . The Russian Experiment in Art, 18631922. New York, 1986)    (Bowlt J. The Silver Age. Newtonville, Massachusetts, 1982).           : Richardson W. Zolotoe Runo and Russian Modernism, 19031910. Ann Arbor, 1986.].        ,            (,  ,  .)       ,   ,  ,  .        ,       ,          ,    . ,       ,  .   ,        ,               ,   ,  .     ,    ,                 . , , , ,              .       ,   :       [30 - .: Paperno I., Grossman J. (eds.). Creating Life: The Aesthetic Utopia of Russian Modernism. Stanford, 1994.]. ,         ,                ;            ,      .

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-,          .         ,      .     ,     .   ,           ,  -,        .       .  -    ,    ,     , ,     ,             [32 -     .: Kolakowski L. Main Currents of Marxism: in 3 vols. Oxford, 1978; Stites R. Revolutionary Dreams.].      ,              ,         ,           .

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    1900- ,        .     1900-      XIX [35 -          1960-   1970- .         : Malia . What Is the Intelligentsia? II Daedalus. 1960. Summer. 89. P.441458; Confino M. On Intellectuals and Intellectual Traditions in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Russia II Daedalus. 1972. Spring. 101; Pollard A. P. The Russian Intelligentsia: The Mind of Russia 11 California Slavic Studies. 1964. 5. P.132. . : Pipes R. (ed.). The Russian Intelligentsia. New York, 1961.].   (       )        ,     ,         ,        1860-70- .          ,      ,    ,  ,    :         .                     ,    ,          ,   ,  .       ,      ,     .         ; ,     ,   . ,       XX ,     ,    .

  1900-      .   ,          . ,   ,      ,        ,      .          ,       .  ,        ,           :          -,     .   ,   (   )       ,  ,   .  ,      -     -  :      ,  .

      ,  .           ,   ,      ,       [36 -  ,       ,   ,   ,      : Freeze G. The Soslovie (Estate) Paradigm and Russian Social History II American Historical Review. 1986. 1; Haimson L. H. The Problem of Social Identities in Early Twentieth-Century Russia 11 Slavic Review. 1988;   : Zelnik R. (ed.). A Radical Worker in Tsarist Russia: The Autobiography of Semen Ivanovich Kanatchikov. Stanford, 1986.].   ,     (          , ,    [37 - Zelnik R. Radical Worker.],    )      .         :       ;            ,     [38 - .:  . . Brussels, 1939.];       ;          ;          ;    .

      ,   ,         :      1860-70- ,          ,                ,         . ,   ,     ,      .  19071917       XIX         ,  .      1917     ,  ,  ,   ..,      ,    .           -        19041907 :                       .  ,         .            1900 ,   ,     .

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     ,                 .      ,          ;      ,             .  ,          ,     ,      : ,     ,            .  ,       [39 -  . . ,   //  , 18001917:  . . 1. ., 1989. .343346;    //  . 1989. 39. 27 . . 6.].   ,       ,  ,   ,  .    ,                    .    ,       ,        ,       .         ,  ,   24 ,   ,        1918         : ,        ,     ,  .

          ,     ,        (1912).     .  , ,     ,      .              ,  , ,    ,      .        1890-1900- ,         ,     ,         (  )        .    ?         ,   .    ,          :    , ,   .   , ,              ,   ,   ,       .          .



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-,             .      ,     19051917        ,    , ,   .  ,         ,      ,       .                      ;         ,             .  ,             ,              ,   ,    ,     .   ,   ,   ,    ;         ,   ,        ,           1890-1920- . ,             ,    ,    .  ,   ,   ,   ,           .




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        ,     ,   ,     .     ,   ,      ,    :        [47 -  . . 27.].


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               .    ,                  ,  ,  ,   , , [48 -  . . 28.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/ekaterina-evtuhova/serp-i-krest-sergey-bulgakov-i-sudby-russkoy-religiozno/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


    1997   ,    . . .




2


Stuart Hughes . Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought, 18901930. New York, 1958; Shattuck R. The Banquet Years: The Origins of the Avant-Garde in France, 1885 to World War I. New York, 1955; Schorske C. Fin de Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture. New York, 1979.




3


.     : Bulgakov S. Philosophy of Economy: The World as Household. Yale University Press, 2000.




4


 . . 9,   . [166].




5


.[186].




6


 .    (   ).  2. : YMCA PRESS, 1948.




7


., .: . . : - :   ,  130-    / . . . . ; . . . , . . . .:  , 2003.




8


., .:  . .    . ., 2000;      : Sergius Bulgakov. The Bride of the Lamb', The Comforter; The Lamb of God. Eerdmans, 2002, 2004, 2008.




9


URL: https://www.unifr.ch/sergij-bulgakov/de/ (https://www.unifr.ch/sergij-bulgakov/de/) ( : 01.06.2021).




10


Williams R. Sergii Bulgakov: Towards a Russian Political Theology. Bloomsbury, London, 1999.      -     : Arjakovsky A. Essai sur le  Serge Boulgakov (18711944). Paris, 2006; Slesinski R. F. The Theology of Sergius Bulgakov. Yonkers: SVS Press, 2017; Valliere P. Modern Russian Theology: Bukharev, Soloviev, Bulgakov. Orthodox Theology in a New Key. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerd-mans Publishing, 2000.




11


.,  ,  : Moyse A. J., Kirkland S. A., McDowell J. C. (eds.). Correlating Sobornost: Conversations between Karl Barth and the Russian Orthodox Tradition. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2016.




12


Emerson ., Pattison G., Poole R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought. Oxford UP, 2020.




13


Zernov N. The Russian Religious Renaissance of the Twentieth Century. New York, 1963.     . . -     ;     .  , ,  ,     .




14


        . . , . URL: http://sobor.spassdelo.ru/ (http://sobor.spassdelo.ru/) ( : 01.06.2021).




15


              : Hyacinthe Destivelle. Le concile deMoscou (19171918): la creation des institutions conciliaires de eglise orthodoxe russe. Paris, 2006.




16


            1890-  1920-         -  (  ..).         :             , , ,   ,        .      ,  :    ,              ;       ; ,    (),    -  .  ,                .




17


        : Read Ch. Religion, Revolution, and the Russian Intelligentsia, 19001912: The Vekhi Debate and Its Intellectual Background. London, 1979; Rosenthal B. G. Dmitri Sergeevich Merezhkovsky and the Silver Age: The Development of a Revolutionary Mentality. The Hague, 1975; Glatzer Rosenthal B. (ed.). Nietzsche in Russia. Princeton, 1986; Putnam G. F. Russian Alternatives to Marxism. Knoxville, Tenn., 1977; Scherrer J. Die Petersburger religios-philosophische Vereinigungen: Die Entwicklung des religiosen Selbstverstdndnis ihrer Intelligencija-Mitglieder (19011917). Berlin, 1973; Scheibert P. Die Petersburger religios-philosophischen Zusam-menkunfte von 1902 und 1903. Berlin, 1964; Schldgel K. Jenseits des Grofen Oktober: Das Laboratorium der Moderne, Petersburg 19091921. Berlin, 1988.         ,   .




18


        ,   :  .  . , 1946;  .    . , 1962;  .    XX . -, 1963.               8  :  .   . , 1937.      ,   ,   : Blane A. (ed.). Georges Florovsky: Russian Intellectual and Orthodox Churchman. Crestwood, NY, 1993.




19


       : Nipperdey Th. Religion im Umbruch: Deutschland, 18701914. Munchen, 1988; Hilton B. The Age of Atonement: The Influence of Evangelicalism on Social and Economic Thought, 17951863. Oxford, 1988,   ,      . . : Anderson . L. Piety and Politics; Recent Work on German Catholicism II Journal of Modern History. 1991. 63. December. P.681716; Ford C. Religion and Popular Culture in Modern Europe II Journal of Modern History. 1993. 65. March. P.152175.




20


        -       .  ,       ,  ,  ,  ,     ,        .         (, 1962-);     (,     1985 );       (,     1968 );  : .  (, 19801993). . :  .,  .       //   ,      . , 1976.




21


.: Rosenthal . G. Merezhkovsky; Bowlt J. The Silver Age: Russian Art of the Early Twentieth Century and the World of Art Groups. Newtonville, Mass., 1979.




22


,             : Walicki .  History of Russian Thought from the Enlightenment to Marxism. Stanford, 1979.




23


            , , ,       ,   ,   ,   1880-   .        : Gustafson R. Leo Tolstoy, Resident and Stranger: A Study in Fiction and Theology. Princeton, 1986.




24


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           ,       ,        .




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,    ,     ,     .




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   -     , 18901985 (-, 1986),       ,       .




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Zelnik R. Radical Worker.




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.:  . . Brussels, 1939.




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 . . ,   //  , 18001917:  . . 1. ., 1989. .343346;    //  . 1989. 39. 27 . . 6.




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Hughes . St. Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought, 18901930.




41


.: Freeze G. L. The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter-Reform. Princeton, 1983.




42


 . .  . , 1991. . 19.




43


 . .11, 15.




44


 . . 14.




45


 . . 27.




46


 . . 26.




47


 . . 27.




48


 . . 28.


