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Alan Gordon and Alon Ziv

THE WAY OUT

Copyright  2021 by Alon Ziv and Alan Gordon

All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. This edition published by arrangement with Avery, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.



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notes








1


    ,    . . .




2


 -,     CBS   . 軠    -,         .        CBS Television Distribution   -   , ,   , -    .




3


 -   酠      74-     ,       2017 .




4


,     .  -  ()     .  -    ,      ,   ,    .  ,        ,      .




5


    50      .          ,          2016   ,        50   ,  20,4  .           ,             .

Dahlhamer, James, Jacqueline Lucas, Carla Zelaya, Richard Nahin, Sean Mackey, Lynn DeBar, Robert Kerns, Michael Von Korff, Linda Porter, and Charles Helmick. Prevalence of chronic pain and highimpact chronic pain among adults  United States, 2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67, no. 36 (2018): 1001.




6


       1,2 !      .    ()     15  , ,   . ,    22         ,   ,              .         ,      ,       ,        - .

Gureje, Oye, Michael Von Korff, Gregory E.Simon, and Richard Gater. Persistent pain and wellbeing: A World Health Organization study in primary care. JAMA 280, no. 2 (1998): 147151.

         7,7  ,    5,5   ; 22      1,2         .




7


       .       (48   ),     .  -     ,   ,   ,    . ,       ,    .       (  ),      .

Derbyshire, StuartW.G., Matthew G.Whalley, V.Andrew Stenger, and David A.Oakley. Cerebral activation during hypnotically induced and imagined pain. Neuroimage 23, no. 1 (2004): 392401.




8


        腠             2017    :




     28 ;




       15,5 ;




     14,9 ;




       4,4 .

National Health Interview Survey, 2017. Hyattsville, Maryland, 2018. Hoy, Damian, Lyn March, Peter Brooks, Fiona Blyth, Anthony Woolf, Christopher Bain, Gail Williams, et al.

The global burden of low back pain: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 73, no. 6 (2014): 968974.




9


        .   ,   ,  ,   ,   ,    :

Thomas, KennethC., Charles G.Fisher, Michael Boyd, Paul Bishop, Peter Wing, and Marcel F.Dvorak. Outcome evaluation of surgical and nonsurgical management of lumbar disc protrusion causing radiculopathy. Spine 32, no. 13 (2007): 14141422.

    ,         ,    :

Mirza, SohailK., and Richard A.Deyo. Systematic review of randomized trials comparing lumbar fusion surgery to nonoperative care for treatment of chronic back pain. Spine 32, no. 7 (2007): 816823.

      ,                  :

Louw, Adriaan, Ina Diener, Csar Fernndez-de-las-Pe?as, and Emilio J.Puentedura. Sham surgery in orthopedics: A systematic review of the literature. Pain Medicine 18, no. 4 (2017): 736750.




10


      ,       兠           .          ,    (  ).

  ,      ,  ,  46           .   ,       19  36 .

                 :

Chan, Chinwern, and Philip Peng. Failed back surgery syndrome. Pain Medicine 12, no. 4 (2011): 577606.




11


 64  ,     ,  ,     .  ,   64              ,   38    !

Jensen, MaureenC., Michael N.Brant-Zawadzki, Nancy Obuchowski, Michael T.Modic, Dennis Malkasian, and Jeffrey S.Ross. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. New England Journal of Medicine 331, no. 2 (1994): 6973.




12


          . Kleinst?ck, Frank, Jiri Dvorak, and Anne F.Mannion. Are structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging a contraindication to the successful conservative treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain? Spine 31, no. 19 (2006): 22502257.




13


   -         . Baliki, Marwan N., Bogdan Petre, Souraya Torbey, Kristina M. Herrmann, Lejian Huang, Thomas J. Schnitzer, Howard L. Fields, and A. Vania Apkarian. Corticostriatal functional connectivity predicts transition to chronic back pain. Nature Neuroscience 15, no. 8 (2012): 11171119.




14


        .                  : Ferrari, Robert, and Anthony S. Russell. Epidemiology of whiplash: An international dilemma. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 58, no. 1 (1999): 15.




15


       .  ,   ,           : 10      , 19     ,   18         .     ,   ,     ,    ,     .

Obelieniene, Diana, Harald Schrader, Gunnar Bovim, Irena Miseviciene, and Trond Sand. Pain after whiplash: A prospective controlled inception cohort study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 66, no. 3 (1999): 279283.




16


        򅠖 Castro, W. H. M., S. J. Meyer, M. E. R. Becke, C. G. Nentwig, M. F. Hein, B. I. Ercan, S. Thomann, U. Wessels, and A. E. Du Chesne. No stress  no whiplash? International Journal of Legal Medicine 114, no. 6 (2001): 316322.




17


           .                   ( 9,  162).                  .




18


          ,          . , anterior insula      ,    ,        ,        .




19


      . Bastuji, Hl?ne, Maud Frot, Caroline Perchet, Koichi Hagiwara, and Luis Garcia-Larrea. Convergence of sensory and limbic noxious input into the anterior insula and the emergence of pain from nociception. Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (2018): 19; Harris, Haley N., and Yuan B. Peng. Evidence and explanation for the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in pain processing. Neural Regeneration Research 15, no. 4 (2020): 597.




20


    . Apkarian, A. Vania, Javeria A. Hashmi, and Marwan N. Baliki. Pain and the brain: Specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain. Pain 152, no. 3suppl. (2011): S49.




21


   , ,    . Woo, Choong-Wan, Liane Schmidt, Anjali Krishnan, Marieke Jepma, Mathieu Roy, Martin A. Lindquist, Lauren Y. Atlas, and Tor D. Wager. Quantifying cerebral contributions to pain beyond nociception. Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (2017): 114.




22


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23


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