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          ,     .        . ,     ,     ,  -    (       )     [15 - ʠ, -     ᠫ ,   ˻, A. Chakelian, 'Nick Clegg: "It's not obvious" what theUK can do legally onnew terror powers', New Statesman, 2 Sept. 2014, https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/09/nick-clegg-it-s-not-obvious-what-uk-can-do-legallynew-terror-powers (https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/09/nick-clegg-it-s-not-obvious-what-uk-can-do-legallynew-terror-powers); S. Javid, Twitter, 8 March2019, https://twitter.com/sajidjavid/status/1104054288064675840; . ,   ""    , Stuff, 29/8/2018, https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/northland/106654790/residents-frustrated-at-medieval-cellphonecoverage-in-the-far-north.].        get medieval onyour ass[16 -    ꠫   -. ..],    1994  . ,   ,   2017          ,  -       .        .         Twitter,  ,               .   :     ,    ,      ?[17 - J. Swan, 'White House review nears end: Officials expect Bannon firing', Axios, 18/8/2017, https://www.axios.com/white-house-review-nears-end-officials-expect-bannon-firing-1513304936-a38d90a8131a-41989e775a28042b5c58.html (https://www.axios.com/white-house-review-nears-end-officials-expect-bannon-firing-1513304936-a38d90a8%E2%80%93131a-4198%E2%80%939e77%E2%80%935a28042b5c58.html); D. Snow, tweets at9:47 and10:31 a. m., 19/8/2017, https://twitter.com/thehistoryguy/status/898828840197345280and898839891949256704.]

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  ,  1700      .   science, ,   scientia,    .  scientia          .       ,  . Ӡ   ,     . Ƞ        ,     . (   (scientist),  XIX,   ,         ,   ,    .)  ,     ,   ,   . ,   ,     ,      . ,  , ,        ,  ,     ,      . ʠ     .

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    .      , 1957         蠖  . -        ,   ,        .   ,   ,    ,     :  ,    [ ]   . Ƞ,    .   :        ,     , . ,       . ,  ,    .     ,          ,     . ,           ,     [20 - C.J. Singer, letters toR. F. Holmes (8 May1959) andA. W. Skempton (27/3/1959), London, Wellcome Collection PP/CJS/A.47; D.J. de S. Price, letter toC. J. Singer, 22/12/1959, London, Wellcome Collection PP/CJS/A.47.].    ,         ,         .         1983,           ໠   ,  [21 - A. Liversidge, 'Interview: Derek de Solla Price', OMNI (Dec. 1982), 89102 and136, at89.].

      ,      , 셻 -   .  ,     ,  .   ,    ?  ,    ,   ()?     ,   ,  ,    ?    ,       :       .   75    - ,   .        .

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     - .    ,   , ,    .    XIV:     ,      :  ()  ()  ,   .   ,     ,  -     ,     . 1400        ()[26 - D. Knowles, TheReligious Orders inEngland, volume II: TheEnd oftheMiddle Ages (Cambridge, 1955), 231232; R. B. Dobson, Durham Priory, 14001450 (Cambridge, 1973), 5657.].






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   .       ;    ,     ,   ࠖ  .         .      ,    ,    .   ,     ,        III,   ,  1258.          ,    -.           [29 - Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, ed. H. Luard, Rolls Series (London, 1880), 5:669.].






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      20.      ,    .    ,  ,  ,      [30 - British Library MS Cotton Tiberius E.VI, f. 236v; Inquisition post mortem Alphonsus de Veer (1328), National Archives C 135/10/12; D. S. Neal, A. Wardle andJ. Hunn, Excavation oftheIron Age, Roman, andMedieval Settlement atGorhambury, St. Albans (London, 1990), 102103.].       , ,    ,   ,      , . ,    ,    .   ()     ,   ࠖ     ࠖ     -.    ,    ,   , 1349 -  ,        .             ,          .      ,   ,           - .           [31 - Dobson, Durham Priory (. 2), 5759; N. Orme, English Schools intheMiddle Ages (London, 1973), 5051; A. E. Levett, Studies inManorial History, ed. H. M. Cam, M. Coate andL. S. Sutherland (Oxford, 1938), 292293.].

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     ,    .      , , -, ,    , -,    .       ,  ,      .   ,   ,      ,      .    ,     ,      .  ,     , 젖   -  ,        ,     [32 -        ,    . C.L.N. Ruggles andN. J. Saunders, 'The Study ofCultural Astronomy', inAstronomies andCultures, ed. Ruggles andSaunders (Niwot, 1993), 131; J. North, Cosmos: AnIllustrated History ofAstronomy andCosmology (Chicago, 2008), 185 ( . :    . .: , 2020. .265266).].

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  ,      ,  ,       ,     ,        ,    .      .         ,              ,   ,  ,     --   [33 -   : St Mary de Pre priory, St Albans', inAHistory oftheCounty ofHertford: Volume 4, ed. W. Page (London, 1971), 428432; Ver Valley Society, 'Mills', http://www.riverver.co.uk/mills/ (http://www.riverver.co.uk/mills/).]. ,      ,        ,     (solstitium .).

       ,    .     ,    ,   .        ,   ,      .     ;    ,   ;  ,     :      ,   ,   ,  렖 ,   .      栖         ,     ,     .  , ,   ,            .     ,  ,       ,      ?[34 - S.C. McCluskey, Astronomies andCultures inEarly Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1998), 13; North, Cosmos (. 8), 1112 ( .  (.. 8). .3334).]

    ࠖ ࠖ   ,      ,      .         ;    (  ,     ).      :      ,       ,    ,      .

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         .          29       .     12, ,  .  ,       .    12     ,   , 12   .        ,    ,      . Ѡ       ,   ,  -       [37 - John 11:9; J. D. North, 'Monastic Time', inTheCulture ofMedieval English Monasticism, ed. J. G. Clark (Woodbridge, 2007), 203211, at208.].           ,    . ,    ,   ,          .      ,     ,   .

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蠖    .           ,      ,  -   .   ,    ,   ,   -  .    -,       .   ,    .     ,     .      ,    ,     (    )[52 - C.B.C. Thomas, 'The Miracle Play atDunstable', Modern Language . s 32 (1917): 337344.].     ,       -.    . ʠ,      ,   .         .      ,    ,  .      -,      .     ,          [53 - GASA (.. 24), 1:73.].

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      ?    ,   (.1.6).   ,     .   ,     ,   1 9.      digiti,    ;     (digital)[64 - ., , TheCrafte ofNombryng, from British Library MS Egerton 2622, ed. R. Steele, TheEarliest Arithmetics inEnglish, EETS ES 118 (London: 1922): 332, at5.].   , -      (   articuli  ).       , 蠖 ,  .  ,       0 9999.     堖 , ,      ,       ,  ,         .

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     ,    calculi  .         젖  .          .         ,  ,    ,     .         1 9,     ,   , ,   .      ,   ,      ,    .        [65 - : Oxford, St John's College MS 17, ff. 41v-42r (Thorney, 12th century), http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/ms-17 (http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/ms-17).].

     ,    ,    .    ,  ,       XVI 12 , ,  ,  ,     (.1.7). ࠖ ,    .    (     ),    ,  ,      ,   .     :       ,    I[66 -  (  )      ; . J. Bately, 'Did King Alfred Actually Translate Anything? TheIntegrity oftheAlfredian Canon Revisited,' Medium ?vum 78 (2009): 189215. ,   1593,     (Kew, National Archives SP 12/289).].    ,    ,   ,       .     ,  ࠖ  ,   .






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     :  .        1241 82.      ,  ,  ,  :       .   -     .     ,      .    - ,      ,  (          ),          .       .  1946         ,  .   ,         ,    [67 - T. Kojima, TheJapanese Abacus: Its Use andTheory, quoted inL. Fernandes, 'The Abacus vs. theElectric Calculator', https://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/abacus-contest.html (https://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/abacus-contest.html).].

          .       ,    ,       .     - .  ,   -:      ,     ,     - .           .     ,    ,   - ,       젖 -    .

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  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=68622933)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  . .. .




2


      (   )      4 1962 (Royal Institution MS WLB 55F/89).    ,     ;    ( .  15/12/1955, RI MS WLB 55F/47).




3


       : CU Archives, Records oftheBoard ofGraduate Studies, 1, 19531954, Price D. J.; S. Falk, "The Scholar asCraftsman: Derek de Solla Price andtheReconstruction ofaMedieval Instrument," Notes andRecords oftheRoyal Society 68 (2014), 111134.




4


M.R. James, ADescriptive Catalogue oftheManuscripts intheLibrary ofPeterhouse (Cambridge, 1899),94.




5


D.de S. Price, Science Since Babylon, enlarged edition (New Haven, 1975), 2627.




6


D.J. Price, 'In Quest ofChaucer Astronomer', TheCambridge Review, 30 October1954, 123124.




7


'Chaucer Holograph Found inLibrary', Varsity, 23 February1952; 'Possible Chaucer Manuscript: Discovery atCambridge, TheTimes, 28 February1952; e. g. 'Skrev Chaucer Bog om Astronomisk Regnemetode?', B.T. (Copenhagen), 27 February1952; 'Was Chaucer aScientist Too?', TheHindu (Madras), 6 April1952.




8


 . . .:  -, 2022. .607.




9


C. Sagan, Cosmos (NewYork, 1980), 335 ( . . .:  -, 2020).




10


D. Wootton, TheInvention ofScience: aNew History oftheScientific Revolution (London, 2015). ( .  :    . .: , -, 2018.)       ,  :      1572 1704 ( . . .); ,    ,    ,         (..573575).




11


J. Gribbin, Science: AHistory (London, 2002).




12


W. Camden, 'Certaine Poemes, orPoesies, Epigrammes, Rythmes, andEpitaphs oftheEnglish Nation informer Times', inRemaines ofaGreater Worke (London, 1605),2.




13


 ,          ,     .        (742814)     :     ,  ,    ,   ,     .           ,     .       :            (Einhard theFrank, TheLife ofCharlemagne, tr. L. Thorpe (London, 1970),23).




14


E. Gibbon, TheHistory oftheDecline andFall oftheRoman Empire, vol.6 (London, 1788),519.




15


ʠ, -     ᠫ ,   ˻, A. Chakelian, 'Nick Clegg: "It's not obvious" what theUK can do legally onnew terror powers', New Statesman, 2 Sept. 2014, https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/09/nick-clegg-it-s-not-obvious-what-uk-can-do-legallynew-terror-powers (https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/09/nick-clegg-it-s-not-obvious-what-uk-can-do-legallynew-terror-powers); S. Javid, Twitter, 8 March2019, https://twitter.com/sajidjavid/status/1104054288064675840; . ,   ""    , Stuff, 29/8/2018, https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/northland/106654790/residents-frustrated-at-medieval-cellphonecoverage-in-the-far-north.




16


   ꠫   -. ..




17


J. Swan, 'White House review nears end: Officials expect Bannon firing', Axios, 18/8/2017, https://www.axios.com/white-house-review-nears-end-officials-expect-bannon-firing-1513304936-a38d90a8131a-41989e775a28042b5c58.html (https://www.axios.com/white-house-review-nears-end-officials-expect-bannon-firing-1513304936-a38d90a8%E2%80%93131a-4198%E2%80%939e77%E2%80%935a28042b5c58.html); D. Snow, tweets at9:47 and10:31 a. m., 19/8/2017, https://twitter.com/thehistoryguy/status/898828840197345280and898839891949256704.




18


I. Newton, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, 3rd edition (London, 1726), 529.         1713,       ('philosophiam experimentalem'). Tr. A. Motte, 1729 (TheMathematical Principles ofNatural Philosophy, 2 vols, 2:391392). . A. Cunningham, 'How the "Principia" Got Its Name: Or, Taking Natural Philosophy Seriously', History ofScience 29 (1991), 377392,        ,  ,  Early Science andMedicine 5:3 (2000); M. H. Shank andD. C. Lindberg, "Introduction," inTheCambridge History ofScience, Volume 2: Medieval Science, ed. D. C. Lindberg andM. H. Shank (Cambridge, 2013), 126.




19


D.J. Price, TheEquatorie ofthePlanetis (Cambridge, 1955), 149; Chaucer, 'A Treatise ontheAstrolabe', II.4; , , F. N. Robinson, Preface to2nd ed. ofTheWorks ofGeoffrey Chaucer (London, 1957), ix; D. Pearsall, TheLife ofGeoffrey Chaucer: ACritical Biography (Oxford, 1992), 218219.   TheComplete Poetry andProse ofGeoffrey Chaucer  . .  (NewYork, 1977   ).




20


C.J. Singer, letters toR. F. Holmes (8 May1959) andA. W. Skempton (27/3/1959), London, Wellcome Collection PP/CJS/A.47; D.J. de S. Price, letter toC. J. Singer, 22/12/1959, London, Wellcome Collection PP/CJS/A.47.




21


A. Liversidge, 'Interview: Derek de Solla Price', OMNI (Dec. 1982), 89102 and136, at89.




22


K.A. Rand Schmidt, TheAuthorship oftheEquatorie ofthePlanetis (Cambridge, 1993); K. A. Rand, 'The Authorship ofTheEquatorie ofthePlanetis Revisited,' Studia Neophilologica 87 (2015), 1535.




23


John Gower, Confessio Amantis VII. 625632.




24


L.P. Hartley, TheGo-Between (London, 1953),5.




25


St Albans Book ofBenefactors, London, British Library MS Cotton Nero D.VII, ff. 81v-83v. Ed. W. Dugdale, Monasticon Anglicanum, New Ed. ed. J. Caley, H. Ellis andB. Bandinel (London, 1819), 2:209n.




26


D. Knowles, TheReligious Orders inEngland, volume II: TheEnd oftheMiddle Ages (Cambridge, 1955), 231232; R. B. Dobson, Durham Priory, 14001450 (Cambridge, 1973), 5657.




27


Book ofBenefactors (. 1), f.83r.




28


E. Woolley, 'The Wooden Watching Loft inSt. Albans Abbey Church', Transactions ofSt. Albans andHerts Architectural andArchaeological Society (1929), 246254.




29


Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, ed. H. Luard, Rolls Series (London, 1880), 5:669.




30


British Library MS Cotton Tiberius E.VI, f. 236v; Inquisition post mortem Alphonsus de Veer (1328), National Archives C 135/10/12; D. S. Neal, A. Wardle andJ. Hunn, Excavation oftheIron Age, Roman, andMedieval Settlement atGorhambury, St. Albans (London, 1990), 102103.




31


Dobson, Durham Priory (. 2), 5759; N. Orme, English Schools intheMiddle Ages (London, 1973), 5051; A. E. Levett, Studies inManorial History, ed. H. M. Cam, M. Coate andL. S. Sutherland (Oxford, 1938), 292293.




32


       ,    . C.L.N. Ruggles andN. J. Saunders, 'The Study ofCultural Astronomy', inAstronomies andCultures, ed. Ruggles andSaunders (Niwot, 1993), 131; J. North, Cosmos: AnIllustrated History ofAstronomy andCosmology (Chicago, 2008), 185 ( . :    . .: , 2020. .265266).




33


  : St Mary de Pre priory, St Albans', inAHistory oftheCounty ofHertford: Volume 4, ed. W. Page (London, 1971), 428432; Ver Valley Society, 'Mills', http://www.riverver.co.uk/mills/ (http://www.riverver.co.uk/mills/).




34


S.C. McCluskey, Astronomies andCultures inEarly Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1998), 13; North, Cosmos (. 8), 1112 ( .  (.. 8). .3334).




35


Pembroke College Cambridge MS 180; Trinity College Cambridge MS B.2.19; London, British Library Royal MS 2 AX. See T. A.M. Bishop, 'Notes onCambridge Manuscripts', Transactions oftheCambridge Bibliographical Society 1, (1953), 432441, at435.




36


Emmanuel College Cambridge MS 244. : Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius, TheWork ofFarming (Opus Agriculturae) andPoem onGrafting, tr. J. G. Fitch (Totnes, 2013), 177.  : J. C. Schmitt (Leipzig, 1898), http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/palladius/agr.html (http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/palladius/agr.html).




37


John 11:9; J. D. North, 'Monastic Time', inTheCulture ofMedieval English Monasticism, ed. J. G. Clark (Woodbridge, 2007), 203211, at208.




38


Peterhouse, Cambridge MS 75.I, f.64r.




39


J.R. Harris, 'On theLocality toWhich theTreatise ofPalladius De Agricultura Must Be Assigned', TheAmerican Journal ofPhilology 3 (1882): 411421.




40


., , TheKalendarium ofNicholas ofLynn, ed. S. Eisner (Athens, GA, 1980); J. D. North, Chaucer's Universe (Oxford, 1988), 104109.




41


 XVIII        ,     ,  ,             . . ..




42


Trinity College Cambridge MS O.3.43; Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Auct F.5.23; D. Wakelin, Humanism, Reading, andEnglish Literature 14301530 (Oxford, 2007), 4345.




43


Palladius, De re rustica / OnHusbondrie, VII.6063.  ,      XV: TheMiddle-English Translation ofPalladius De re rustica, ed. M. Liddell (Berlin, 1896), 181, andPalladius OnHusbondrie, from theunique ms. ofabout 1420 A.D. inColchester castle, ed. B. Lodge.




44


., , Corpus Christi College Cambridge MS 297, ff. 23r-91v.




45


 : . . .  / .. . . . .:  , 1979.




46


Virgil, TheGeorgics, I. 208211.




47


Virgil, TheGeorgics, I. 220221.




48


       .     蠖   Canicula () ,     . . ..




49


     , ,  -     ,         . . B. Blackburn andL. Holford-Strevens, TheOxford Companion totheYear (Oxford, 1999), 595596.




50


N. Sivin, Granting theSeasons: TheChinese Astronomical Reform of1280 (NewYork, 2008).




51


Gesta Abbatum monasterii Sancti Albani (GASA), ed. H. Riley (London, 1867), 1: 7395.




52


C.B.C. Thomas, 'The Miracle Play atDunstable', Modern Language . s 32 (1917): 337344.




53


GASA (.. 24), 1:73.




54


Cambridge University Library MS Ee.4.20, f. 68v; J. G. Clark, TheBenedictines intheMiddle Ages (Woodbridge, 2011), 7071; M. T.Clanchy, From Memory toWritten Record: England 10661307, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1993), 13; Orme, English Schools intheMiddle Ages (.. 7), 4950.




55


GASA (. 24), 1: 196. R. Bowers, 'The Almonry Schools oftheEnglish Monasteries, c. 12651540', inMonasteries andSociety inMedieval Britain: Proceedings ofthe1994 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. B. Thompson (Stamford, 1999): 177222, at191192.




56


Statutes inBritish Library MS Lansdowne 375, ff. 97105, edited inRegistrum Abbatiae Johannis Whethamstede (London, 1873), 2: 305315.




57


., : Carmen de Algorismo ofAlexander Villedieu. Edited inJ. O. Halliwell, Rara Mathematica (London, 1841), 7383. Π    VVII,     (598668), .:K. Plofker, 'Mathematics inIndia', inTheMathematics ofEgypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, andIslam: ASourcebook, ed. V. J. Katz (Princeton, 2007), 385514.




58


Cambridge, University Library MS Ii.6.5, fol. 104r.  : K. Vogel, Mohammed ibn Musa Alchwarizmi's Algorismus: dasfr?heste Lehrbuch zumRechnen mitindischen Ziffern (Aalen, 1963);  : J. N. Crossley andA.S Henry, 'Thus Spake Al-Khwarizmi: ATranslation oftheText ofCambridge University Library Ms. Ii.vi.5', Historia Mathematica 17 (1990): 103131.




59


J.N. Crossley, 'Old-Fashioned versus Newfangled: Reading andWriting Numbers, 12001500', Studies inMedieval andRenaissance History 10 (2013): 79109.




60


 ,         : 27      1 9, 10 90 100 900.




61


University ofAberdeen MS 123, ff. 66r-67v.




62


Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 7, f. 98r. Edited inGASA (.. 24), 3: 399400, 454457. F. Madden, B. Bandinel andJ. G. Nichols, eds., Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica (London, 1838), 5: 194197.




63


Bede, TheReckoning ofTime, ed. andtr. F. Wallis (Liverpool, 2004),9.




64


., , TheCrafte ofNombryng, from British Library MS Egerton 2622, ed. R. Steele, TheEarliest Arithmetics inEnglish, EETS ES 118 (London: 1922): 332, at5.




65


: Oxford, St John's College MS 17, ff. 41v-42r (Thorney, 12th century), http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/ms-17 (http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/ms-17).




66


 (  )      ; . J. Bately, 'Did King Alfred Actually Translate Anything? TheIntegrity oftheAlfredian Canon Revisited,' Medium ?vum 78 (2009): 189215. ,   1593,     (Kew, National Archives SP 12/289).




67


T. Kojima, TheJapanese Abacus: Its Use andTheory, quoted inL. Fernandes, 'The Abacus vs. theElectric Calculator', https://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/abacus-contest.html (https://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/abacus-contest.html).


