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               ,    . .         1870-1900- .,    ,            .   ,        (1871.), .      (1872.), . .    (1880.), . .      .     (1883.), . .     (1883.), . .      (1902.).     ,               XIX   XX.

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         :   [3 - ,     :1)Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. vii-xxiv;2)Bix B. John Austin  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2022/entries/austin-john/;3)Austin, John (17901859)  Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: https:// www.encyclopedia.com;4)Hart H. L. A. John Austin 11 Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Feb. 2022. URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Austin.]


      (1832),       .            ,     ,          . ,       .

       ,  , ,   ,    .         ,        [4 -      ,      (      XX )   컠    ,     . ., : Leiter . Naturalizing Jurisprudence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. 287 p.; Leiter B., Etchemendy M.X. Naturalism in Legal Philosophy. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/lawphil-naturalism/; Postema G.J. Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World, Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. 618 p.].     (       )[5 -   ,         command theory of law.  command         (, ,             ,         ),   ,  (         ). . :  ..,  ..              //    . 2021. . 14. 6. . 61.],        [6 -     ,           (,  ,              , ,   ..),        (,  ),        .],       ,     .

         ,          .            (          ).         1860- ,                .  ,              ,   .    ,      (18411935)[7 -    ,         1902  1932.                    ,     ,             ,         .       90 ,         .]     (18391915)[8 -           .      Ropes & Gray         .],         .

       :    ,  ,    ,  . ,     ,    ,    , <>  [9 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1832. P. xx.].                .          ,    , ,     .

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I.    (17901859)

        .    (    ,  ,      )          ,     .       ,  ,              ,       [10 - Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Troubled Lives: John and Sarah Austin. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985, 261 p.].

  3  1790 ,             .        ,     .          [11 - Ross J. Three Generations of English Women: Memoirs and Correspondence of Susannah Taylor, Sarah Austin, and Lady Duff Gordon. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Paternoster Square, 1893. P. 88.],       .     ,  ,          .      1812       .

       -     ,       1814 .              ,    ,    [12 - Holdsworth W.S. History of English Law. London: Methuen & Company, 1903. P. 77.].   ,      ,  , ,              [13 - Ross J. The Fourth Generation: Reminiscences by Janet Ross. London: Constable Limited, 1912. P. 73.].                .   ,      1817 ,       ,  ,         ,        [14 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 4.].

    1818 .        ,     .      ,     (  )  ,          [15 - Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op. cit.                 .3869.].             ,         (     1821 ).

              .     ,         .  ,            .            . , ,          .  ,           .  ,          .   , , ,          ,    .

     ,   , ,    [16 -      ,        ,     ,         . .: Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op. cit., pp. 33, 197; Morison W.L. John Austin. London: Edward Arnold, 1982. P. 17.].        1819  1824      .  1825     .               ( )      .         ,      ,     .

         .   ,              1827  1828 .          ,  , ,    .       ,         [17 - Mill J.S. Autobiography. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1873. P. 185.].           ,          .  ,       ,     [18 - Whitman J.Q. The Legacy of Roman Law in the German Romantic Era: Historical Vision and Legal Change. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990. P. 85.]. ,            .

        1828 .               .      ,         .           [19 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 4.],          .     ,            [20 -    1828.].   ,           1829 .       [21 - Mill J.S. John Austin and Jurisprudence. Edinburgh Review, 1863. P. 175.].      ,            .              .           1833 .   1834         [22 -   (. Inner Temple)    ,   XIV .                .],        .     .

     .         ,    ,         .     ,      ,        .     .        ,      ,      1835 .          ,       [23 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 9.].  ,  ,        ,     .      ,       1832          .               ,      -  .         ,     .    , ,      ,  ,    [24 -     ,    ,          -      . .: Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op.cit., pp. 178191.].

           .          ,     , ,   , .           ,    ,      [25 - Rumble W.E. Nineteenth-Century Perceptions of John Austin: Utilitarianism and the Reviews of The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, 18321865.].  ,    1833          ,   1836       .

,   ,                       [26 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 12.].   ,           .         , ,  ,       .   ,        .  1836        ,      ,            1841  1848.  ,  1859 ,       ,      [27 -  Plea for the Constitution (1859).].         ,     [28 - Austin J. A Plea for the Constitution. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859. P. iii.].

  17  1859 .           [29 - Ross J. Three Generations of English Women: Memoirs and Correspondence of Susannah Taylor, Sarah Austin, and Lady Duff Gordon. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Paternoster Square, 1893. P. 373.].      ,      ,     . ,        ,   [30 - Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Troubled Lives: John and Sarah Austin. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. P. ix.].

           .                .  1861        ,   1863       ,     ,    .     ,           ,    ,     .                     [31 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 1071.].           ,   ,     ,     .

        ,  ,  .  ,     ,             XIX . ,          ,  -  .



II.      

  軠         .    ,   ,     ,     .     ,      .    , ,        .   ,     ,       .      ,           .  ,      .          XIX ,      [32 - Maine . Lectures on the Early History of Institutions. John Murray, 1874. P. 357, 359.].

,       ,     .   ,         ,        [33 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P.10711091.].

 ,         .      ,   ,      [34 -            ,  ,       -,        . .: Stein . The Character and Influence of the Roman Civil Law: Historical Essays, London: The Hambledon Press, 1988, pp. 223229, 238244; Lobban M. The Common Law and English Jurisprudence 17601850, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991, pp. 223256.],   -.       ,          .        ,   .           ,       .          ,   ,   [35 - Ibid.,p. 10731074.].        ,    ,    ,    ;  ,    ,   ,    ,    ,   [36 - Ibid.,p. 32.].   ,  ,    ,   ,  , ,    . ,      ,     [37 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 113.].           ,          [38 - Ibid.,p. 14.].     ,          [39 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 32; Hobbes T. 15881679. Leviathan. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1968. P. 183.].

    ,   ,   ,     -   .      ,       ,      .     ,       .          .     ,      ,        [40 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 11.].  ,    ,    [41 - Ibid.,p. 31.].  ,              . ,     ,   ,   ,        .

,    , ,     ,   .         ,      . , , ,  ,       .      ,          [42 - Mill J.S. John Austin and Jurisprudence. Edinburgh Review, 1863. P. 165.].                 .     ,        ,   <>   <>        .   ,        .             ,     [43 - Ibid.,p. 176.].

  軠      ,        .    ,       .    ,      ,   .       ,    ,     .         ,    [44 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 108.]?

        ,    ,    [45 - Ibid.,p. 117.].  ,       ,        [46 - Ibid.,p. 21.].            ,      .  ,        -    .  ,         ,      .   ,       -    ,    .     .       ,      . ,            .      ,    .  ,   ,                              [47 - Ibid.,p. 30.].    ,       .

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         .              ,      .          ,      .  ,   ,       ,   .             ,  ,  ,    <>    [48 - Ibid.,p. 41.].       ,          .       ;      [49 - Ibid.,p. 49.].          .    ,        .          ,    .         ,  ,      .          .       ,         .      ,       .

 ,           .      ,    ,    .     .   ,        ,      .  ,      ,        .  ,       ,      .  ,        ,       . ,   ,       .             ,            [50 - Ibid.,p. 62.].        ,      .       ,     ,     [51 - Ibid.,p. 68.].

        .     ,         ( ),      .           ,      ,   .    ,    ,  .       [52 - Ibid.,p. 93.],    .  ,          .      ,         ,      .           ,      ,      [53 - Ibid.,p. 97.].   , ,     ,     .

                 .            .      ,                .   ,     ,    ,    .            ,   ,    .  ,   ,   ,     .       ,   ,          .  ,          ,      ,       .      ,  ,     ,     ,    .  ,  , ,          .   ,   ,       ,   ,        .     ,    ,    [54 - Ibid.,p. 152.].

     .           ,   ,  ,    [55 - Ibid.,p. 157.].            .   , ,      ,   bete noire[56 -    (.).]   ,    . ,  ,   ,     ,   ,     <>   ,  ,        ,   ,   [57 - Blackstone W. Commentaries on the Laws of England. 17231780. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962. P.2728.].    ,  ,   ,   ,      ,    .     ,   ,   .  ,    ,  , ,       ,        [58 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 158.].

         ,     .  ,              (18411935)     (18391915).            .      ,        ,   ,  ,    .  , ,      [59 - Ibid.,p. 141.],      .                ,    .    ,         ,      .

 ()         .           ,       .   ,    ,       [60 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 1073.].  ,         ,     .         ,      ,   .    ,   ,      :     ,  ,        -. ,   ,        .         ,      .   ,    ,   [61 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 173.],   .

        -       ,      .      ,      ,       , , .   ,         [62 - Ibid., p. 191.].  ,  ,          .     ,       . ,       ,    ,      ,   .  ,       ,      ,     [63 - Ibid.,p. 213.].   ,   ,     ,  ,     . ,        ,    [64 - Ibid.,p. 212.].

  ,        ,   .    , ,      [65 - Ibid.,p. 196.],   .     ,    [66 - Ibid., p. 209.].       ,            .  ,    ,    5 ,   [67 - Ibid., p. 209.].

  ,    ,     ,  .   ,     (  ,        ) ,   ,    ,      ,      [68 - Ibid., p. 285.].   ,    .        .      ,      .    ,           ,      ,     .     ,          .  ,   ,         [69 - Ibid.,p. 289.].      .           . -           [70 - Ibid.,p. 288289.].



III.       

            .    XIX  ,  -   .           .        ,       [71 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. xx.].    , ,           . ,       ,      . , ,  ,   ,         .     ,          [72 - Ibid., p. xx.].

         .         - .  ,  ,  :    ,     ,   ?     ,       ,        [73 - Morison W.L. John Austin. London: Edward Arnold, 1982. P. 192.].    ,  ,  .  ,    ,  .    ,   .    ,      ,        [74 - Stone J. Legal system and lawyers' reasonings. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1964. P. 88.].       ,           .      ,        .

              .           ,    ,    .     , ,     .   ,    ,    ,    ,  . ,    ,     ,         [75 - Williams G.L. The Controversy concerning the Word Law". Archiv fiir Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1949. P.5075.].   ,     , ,    ,  ,  -   ,    .   , ,     ,   .      ,   ,   ,      [76 - Hart H.L.A. The Concept of Law. Oxford University Press, 1961. P. 78.].       ,  ,     ,    .  ,        , ,       . ,        ,       [77 - Ibid., pp. 2641.].

           .      ,     ,      ,   .  , ,         ,   .           .          ,  ,           .        ,             .          , ,    .       ,       . ,        [78 - Maine H. Lectures on the Early History of Institutions. John Murray, 1874. P.380381.].

        .    ,  ,         ,      [79 - Bryce J.B. Studies in History and Jurisprudence. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1968. P. 538.]. -,          (      ,          ,       . -,        :  ,            ,            [80 - Bix B. John Austin // The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2022/entries/austin-john/.].

 ,    , ,       ,  .        ,   ,       ,            [81 - Cotterrell R. The Politics of Jurisprudence: A Critical Introduction to Legal Philosophy, 2nd edition, London: LexisNexis, 2003. P. 63.].   ,        :      ,        [82 - Harris J.W. The Concept of Sovereign Will. Acta Juridica (Essays in Honour of Ben Beinart, Volume II). Cape Town: Juta & Co., 1979, pp. 1-15; Dworkin R. Law's Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. P.176190.]. ,    ,    ,       ,  ,          .

 ,        .         .             ,      .  5    -         .        ,     . ,   , ,     .    (18351922)       ,          ,      ,      ,  ,        [83 - Dicey . V. Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. 8th ed. Macmillan 1915. P.2627.].

             .           ,      .          ,   ,   ,    [84 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 36.].        [85 - Gray J.C. The Nature and Sources of the Law. New York: Columbia University Press, 1909. P. 85.],  ,   [86 - Maine H. Lectures on the Early History of Institutions. John Murray, 1874. P. 364, 365.].     ,       ?

       ,     ,       .           ,   .          ,       . ,   ,      .       ,       .  ,      ,   ,   [87 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 178.].

      ,     ,    .   ,    -   ,   ,          ?            ,   ,   ,         ,     .          ;  ,         ;    ,   ,       [88 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P.3334.].   ,  ,   ,  ,      ,        [89 - Ibid., p. 234.].

        .        ,            .     .   ,         [90 - Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P.10741075.].        ,     .  ,       

   (.   .)        [91 - Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 279.].   ,           . ,        [92 - /,.58.].          , ,   .               .             .            ,       .

      , , ,       (     ). ,     :    ,    ,        ,          ,         [93 - Cotterrell R. The Politics of Jurisprudence: A Critical Introduction to Legal Philosophy, 2nd edition, London: LexisNexis, 2003. P.4977.].     :        : ,  .    : ,     .        .     ,  , [94 - Ibid., p. 70.].

    ,        ,         ,         -                   [95 - Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op. cit., pp. 191256.].

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   [96 -  :1)Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. xxviii-xxix;2)Bix B. John Austin // The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2022/entries/austin-john/;3)Austin, John (17901859) // Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: https:// www.encyclopedia.com;4)Hart H. L. A. John Austin // Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Feb. 2022. URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Austin.]


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notes








1


.: Salmond J. W. Jurisprudence or the Theory of the Law. London, 1902. P. 52.




2


Brown W. J. The Austinian Theory of Law. Being an Edition of Lectures I, V, and VI of Austin's Jurisprudence, and of Austin's Essay on the Uses of the Study of Jurisprudence with Critical Notes and Excurses. London, John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1906. P. xi.




3


,     :

1)Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. vii-xxiv;

2)Bix B. John Austin  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2022/entries/austin-john/;

3)Austin, John (17901859)  Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: https:// www.encyclopedia.com;

4)Hart H. L. A. John Austin 11 Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Feb. 2022. URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Austin.




4


     ,      (      XX )   컠    ,     . ., : Leiter . Naturalizing Jurisprudence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. 287 p.; Leiter B., Etchemendy M.X. Naturalism in Legal Philosophy. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/lawphil-naturalism/; Postema G.J. Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Common Law World, Dordrecht: Springer, 2011. 618 p.




5


  ,         command theory of law.  command         (, ,             ,         ),   ,  (         ). . :  ..,  ..              //    . 2021. . 14. 6. . 61.




6


    ,           (,  ,              , ,   ..),        (,  ),        .




7


   ,         1902  1932.                    ,     ,             ,         .       90 ,         .




8


          .      Ropes & Gray         .




9


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1832. P. xx.




10


Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Troubled Lives: John and Sarah Austin. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985, 261 p.




11


Ross J. Three Generations of English Women: Memoirs and Correspondence of Susannah Taylor, Sarah Austin, and Lady Duff Gordon. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Paternoster Square, 1893. P. 88.




12


Holdsworth W.S. History of English Law. London: Methuen & Company, 1903. P. 77.




13


Ross J. The Fourth Generation: Reminiscences by Janet Ross. London: Constable Limited, 1912. P. 73.




14


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 4.




15


Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op. cit.

                 .3869.




16


     ,        ,     ,         . .: Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op. cit., pp. 33, 197; Morison W.L. John Austin. London: Edward Arnold, 1982. P. 17.




17


Mill J.S. Autobiography. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1873. P. 185.




18


Whitman J.Q. The Legacy of Roman Law in the German Romantic Era: Historical Vision and Legal Change. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990. P. 85.




19


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 4.




20


   1828.




21


Mill J.S. John Austin and Jurisprudence. Edinburgh Review, 1863. P. 175.




22


  (. Inner Temple)    ,   XIV .                .




23


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 9.




24


    ,    ,          -      . .: Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op.cit., pp. 178191.




25


Rumble W.E. Nineteenth-Century Perceptions of John Austin: Utilitarianism and the Reviews of The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, 18321865.




26


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 12.




27


 Plea for the Constitution (1859).




28


Austin J. A Plea for the Constitution. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859. P. iii.




29


Ross J. Three Generations of English Women: Memoirs and Correspondence of Susannah Taylor, Sarah Austin, and Lady Duff Gordon. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Paternoster Square, 1893. P. 373.




30


Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Troubled Lives: John and Sarah Austin. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. P. ix.




31


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 1071.




32


Maine . Lectures on the Early History of Institutions. John Murray, 1874. P. 357, 359.




33


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P.10711091.




34


           ,  ,       -,        . .: Stein . The Character and Influence of the Roman Civil Law: Historical Essays, London: The Hambledon Press, 1988, pp. 223229, 238244; Lobban M. The Common Law and English Jurisprudence 17601850, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991, pp. 223256.




35


Ibid.,p. 10731074.




36


Ibid.,p. 32.




37


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 113.




38


Ibid.,p. 14.




39


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 32; Hobbes T. 15881679. Leviathan. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1968. P. 183.




40


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 11.




41


Ibid.,p. 31.




42


Mill J.S. John Austin and Jurisprudence. Edinburgh Review, 1863. P. 165.




43


Ibid.,p. 176.




44


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 108.




45


Ibid.,p. 117.




46


Ibid.,p. 21.




47


Ibid.,p. 30.




48


Ibid.,p. 41.




49


Ibid.,p. 49.




50


Ibid.,p. 62.




51


Ibid.,p. 68.




52


Ibid.,p. 93.




53


Ibid.,p. 97.




54


Ibid.,p. 152.




55


Ibid.,p. 157.




56


   (.).




57


Blackstone W. Commentaries on the Laws of England. 17231780. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962. P.2728.




58


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 158.




59


Ibid.,p. 141.




60


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P. 1073.




61


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 173.




62


Ibid., p. 191.




63


Ibid.,p. 213.




64


Ibid.,p. 212.




65


Ibid.,p. 196.




66


Ibid., p. 209.




67


Ibid., p. 209.




68


Ibid., p. 285.




69


Ibid.,p. 289.




70


Ibid.,p. 288289.




71


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. xx.




72


Ibid., p. xx.




73


Morison W.L. John Austin. London: Edward Arnold, 1982. P. 192.




74


Stone J. Legal system and lawyers' reasonings. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1964. P. 88.




75


Williams G.L. The Controversy concerning the Word Law". Archiv fiir Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1949. P.5075.




76


Hart H.L.A. The Concept of Law. Oxford University Press, 1961. P. 78.




77


Ibid., pp. 2641.




78


Maine H. Lectures on the Early History of Institutions. John Murray, 1874. P.380381.




79


Bryce J.B. Studies in History and Jurisprudence. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1968. P. 538.




80


Bix B. John Austin // The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2022/entries/austin-john/.




81


Cotterrell R. The Politics of Jurisprudence: A Critical Introduction to Legal Philosophy, 2nd edition, London: LexisNexis, 2003. P. 63.




82


Harris J.W. The Concept of Sovereign Will. Acta Juridica (Essays in Honour of Ben Beinart, Volume II). Cape Town: Juta & Co., 1979, pp. 1-15; Dworkin R. Law's Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986. P.176190.




83


Dicey . V. Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. 8th ed. Macmillan 1915. P.2627.




84


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 36.




85


Gray J.C. The Nature and Sources of the Law. New York: Columbia University Press, 1909. P. 85.




86


Maine H. Lectures on the Early History of Institutions. John Murray, 1874. P. 364, 365.




87


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 178.




88


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P.3334.




89


Ibid., p. 234.




90


Austin J. Lectures on Jurisprudence, or the Philosophy of Positive Law. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1875. P.10741075.




91


Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. P. 279.




92


/,.58.




93


Cotterrell R. The Politics of Jurisprudence: A Critical Introduction to Legal Philosophy, 2nd edition, London: LexisNexis, 2003. P.4977.




94


Ibid., p. 70.




95


Hamburger L., Hamburger J. Op. cit., pp. 191256.




96


 :

1)Austin J. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832). W. Rumble (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. xxviii-xxix;

2)Bix B. John Austin // The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/ spr2022/entries/austin-john/;

3)Austin, John (17901859) // Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: https:// www.encyclopedia.com;

4)Hart H. L. A. John Austin // Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Feb. 2022. URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Austin.




97


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98


Law Magazine and Review   1860 .




99


    (  )       ()    ,   ,            . . .




100


       ,       . . .




101


  ,       ,    ,                ,    ,      ,      .  ,         ,   ,     ,            ,  ,       - .




102


,   ,    ,    ,      . . .




103


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104


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105


Jus  (.) ; mos  (.) . . .


