12      
 

  


  ,     TESOL     IELTS,     2009 .   ,  ,  9  10         .   ,   ,   .   ,   ,   ,       .    : Im tired because Ive been working hard this week ( , . .     ),    ,  ,    Present Perfect Continuous,   Past Simple  Past Continuous.       12 ,    .   ,   ,   ,    .       .





 ,  

12      





 




  ,     TESOL     IELTS.    IELTS  TOEFL.         7 .      ,    .      ,         ,     . ,  ,           ,      .  ,      ,     .     ,       12   ,  .     ,     Perfect      Present Simple  Continuous.      ,       Present Simple  Present Continuous   .







2021    IDP IELTS ().



2020     TOEFL  ETS (Educational Testing Service).  ETS        TOEFL.



2020  Arizona State University ().   TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages).



2018    ().   ,     .



2018    ().    IELTS Academic  .



2017       Queensland      IELTS Academic.









          .             ,    .   ,        .

      : bit.ly/40CSHly

   ,  S (subject)    V (verb)  .

V1      (): go, break, begin

V2     : went, broke, began

V3     : gone, broken, begun




 -   



    12   ?

      ,     . ? :-)  .  15      .




Task 1











a)

Last evening I played football.

b)

Last evening I was playing football.

c)

Last evening Id been playing football.

d)

Last evening Id played football.




Task 2













a)

Last evening I played football for 2 hours.

b)

Last evening I was playing football for 2 hours.

c)

Last evening Id been playing football for 2 hours.

d)

Last evening Id played football for 2 hours.




Task 3













a)

Today Ive met my friend.

b)

Today I met my friend.

c)

Today I had met my friend.

d)

Today Ive meet my friend.




Task 4













a)

When I left home, I realized that I forgot my umbrella.

b)

When I left home, I realized that I forgotten my umbrella.

c)

When I left home, I realized that I had forgotten my umbrella.

d)

When I had left home, I realized that I had forgotten my umbrella.




Task 5













a)

It was 7 p.m., we had been waiting for Sanek for 3 hours.

b)

It was 7 p.m., we were waiting for Sanek for 3 hours.

c)

It was 7 p.m., we had waiting for Sanek for 3 hours.

d)

It was 7 p.m., we had been waited for Sanek for 3 hours.



 ,    easy-peasy?  - ?   




Task 6













a)

We waited for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he had forgotten about the meeting.

b)

We were waiting for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he had forgotten about the meeting.

c)

We had been waiting for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he had forgotten about the meeting.

d)

We had been waiting for Sanek for 4 hours, then we went to the cinema. The next day he said that he forgot about the meeting.




Task 7













a)

I wish Sanek would watch that film.

b)

I wish Sanek will watch that film.

c)

I wish Sanek had watched that film.

d)

I wish Sanek hadnt watched that film.




Task 8













a)

If Sanek didnt forget about that meeting, he would have seen that film.

b)

If Sanek hadnt forgotten about that meeting, he would have seen that film.

c)

If Sanek didnt forget about that meeting, he would see that film.

d)

If Sanek hadnt forgotten about that meeting, he would see that film.




Task 9













a)

Could you tell me where 

you are

going?

b)

Could you tell me where

are you

going?

c)

Could you tell me where 

you

going?

d)

Could you tell me where 

you

go?




Task 10













a)

Peter has been asking for 2 hours.

b)

Peter is asking for 2 hours.

c)

Peter is being asked for 2 hours.

d)

Peter is being ask for 2 hours.



, ,  !    ,   12   ,    




Task 11













a)

My neighbour is always drilling the wall!

b)

My neighbour always drills the wall!

c)

My neighbour always drill the wall!

d)

My neighbour always drilling the wall!




Task 12













a)

The train is arriving at 5 p. m. tomorrow.

b)

The train arrives at 5 p. m. tomorrow.

c)

The train will arrive at 5 p. m. tomorrow.

d)

The train will be arriving at 5 p. m. tomorrow.




Task 13













a)

When Sanek came, we left.

b)

When Sanek had come, we left.

c)

When Sanek came, we had left.

d)

When Sanek had come, we had left.




Task 14













a)

I studied at university for 5 years, and then I found a good job.

b)

I was studying at university for 5 years, and then I found a good job.

c)

I had studied at university for 5 years, and then I found a good job.

d)

I studied at university for 5 years, and then I had found a good job.




Task 15













a)

Why is the road wet? Because it was raining.

b)

Why is the road wet? Because it rained

c)

Why is the road wet? Because it has rained.

d)

Why is the road wet? Because it has been raining.

        .




Simple Tenses





The Present Simple




: S + V1    ( ,   ,    ).








      !

     .



. 

       Present Simple, . .  ,         . I go to school every day.

    Present Simple, . .  ,       . I like apples.



 ,   he/she/it (//)     (V1)  -s/-es.

.

     . He goES to school every day.

  ()  . My brother likeS apples.



Attention! (!)

    -es,    :

 ,  (-zz, -x, -sh, -ch). He fixes his car every month.

 o. He goes to the GYM every day.

  + y.  y   i. She cries sometimes. (cry > cries)

       -s. Sheplayschess. Helikesreading.



  PresentSimple      dont  doesnt (c he/she/it).

S + dont/doesnt + V1



.

      . He doesnt go to school every day.

    . I dont like chicken nuggets. ( ,   )



  .

     (tojog)  

    6  

     

   8:30  (,  )  




The Past Simple




      : ,   ,   ,  Past Simple        .     12 ,  6 : Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, a  Present Perfect  Present Perfect Continuous.

    ?  , ,      :     ,   .         12   .

: S+V2 (V2    )  [1 -     ,  . ,       ().      ().]  ,    .

      :   .    ,   ,     ,   ,    Past Simple.

,     : Lets go to London next week!      ,       (   ): Thanks, mates! 


I was there twice!  , . .   ,    .     Present Perfect: I have been there twice.     .

Attention!

     one time  two times.  : once, twice.

 : Past Simple     ,   ,   -  .

.

      Past Simple, . .   ()    ().

Yesterday I bought a new laptop. 

,       notebook.  notebook      ,         .

Attention!

     ,   ,      .

.

  ,        (,  ,     ): Where did you go for your birthday?

: I went to Paris with your brother.       .

,    ,      (  ),    PastSimple.

  PastSimple      didnt.

S + didnt + V1

.

     . Yesterday I didnt go to school.

       - -19. Last summer he didnt go to Rome because of COVID-19.



  .

     5  

        

        

      (dumplings)  

The Future Simple 



Going to










  ?      .       .   ,   ,     ,   : There is no future tense in English. We use several different ways to talk about the future.

  : https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/future

Attention!

          .      .       ,     .  ,   ,     .

     .    Will  Going to,     .

: S will V1  S going to V1




Will/Going to    




Will      (,   ).    .        .

,       : So, what are the plans for tonight?

     , ,   ,  : I reckon[2 - I reckon (inf.)       ,    I think.]I will go to the cinema.

 : I promiseI will help you tomorrow.



Going to   - , . .   ( ).

   going to      - . ,   : So, whataretheplansfortonight?,   : Iamgoingto thecinema,  ,      , . .     (    ).



.

I will buy this laptop next week.    . ,     ,     ,     .

I am going to buy this laptop next week.      ,   -    . ,      .




Will/Going to    




Will     ,    ,     .

,   ,      .         .        ,    : I reckon Spain will win.



Going to  ,     .

,      ,    .  , : The sky is building up, so it is going to rain.

.

I reckon he will pass the exam.  ,    (   ,    ,   ).

I reckon he is going to pass the exam because he is a straight  A student.  ,   ,      ( ).

Attention!

               . ,   ,   :   ?   :         .     .            .

      . ,    .          .  : It will rain tomorrow.       ,       ,     -      .    ,     , ,   .  ,        -  ,       .

Recommendations.

a)

       ,    ,     .        ,  

will

  

going

to

.

b)

   ,    -,   go  . ,

      I am going to (go to) the sh

op.    ,  :

   .

  will  goingto     not.

S will (not) + V1

S be (not) + going to V1

.

 ,      ! I promise I will not do it again!

     ! I'm not going to listen to your tales!



  .

     .    ! ()  

 ,      (   )  

       (  )  

    ! (  ,   50%  )  




The Continuous Tenses





     (Present Cont., Past Cont. Future Cont.):

S + be + Ving




The Present Continuous




PresentCont.    . ,     :   (  ) ?  What?areyoudoing  : Iamreading abook. . .    ,      .

Recommendations.

  ,     (Im, theyre, hes, etc.).     ,       .      - (actually, just, etc.),       . ,  :   ?  : Actually, nothingmuch, mate. Imjustreadingabook. -  , .   .

              ,        (Oxford, Cambridge, McGraw Hill  . .).

Attention!

The Present/Past/Future Continuous  ,    ,   ,     . 

.

      .         :    2   !   ?!  ,                ,    .    : I study in London now  I am studying in London now?

  ,      ,   I am studying in London now, . .   .  ,        .    : I study in London now,  ,            ,       .

The



Past



Continuous



PastCont.  

)   ( 5 )  . , I was reading a book at 5 p.m. yesterday.

)   (c 5  6)  . , I was reading a book from 5 to 6 yesterday.

Attention!

  ,    , , , , ,    ,     .

.

 ,     .   ,     .   : Last night I was reading a book  Last night I read a book?

  ,  -, ,     󻠖  ,  : Last night I read a book (Past Simple),        ,   .  ,        :    .

     ,        ,    Past Continuous: Yesterday I was reading a book all night.



Recommendation.

      ,           .              ,   .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/nikita-valerevich-ya/12-angliyskih-vremen-ponyatnym-yazykom-dlya-russkogov-68912571/chitat-onlayn/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


    ,  . ,       ().      ().




2


I reckon (inf.)       ,    I think.


