 .          
 . 


  = Contemporary Eastern Studies
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  PDF A4    .





  

 .          


 ,         ,       



John W. Traphagan

Taming Oblivion

Aging Bodies and the Fear of Senility in Japan



State University of New York Press

2016








 John W. Traphagan, text, 2016

 State University of New York Press, 2016

 2-,   , 2022

 Academic Studies Press, 2022

   .  , 2022




   


.0.1.      , 2020.

.0.2.    , 2021.      1990-       .

.0.3.         .

.2.1.       .

.2.2.        ,     .

.2.3.          1995 .

.3.1.        .

.3.2.     .

.3.3.   .

.3.4.  ̸,    .

.3.5.  .

.3.6.  (68 )      .

.5.1.    .       .

.6.1.   .         .

.6.2.         .

.6.3.     .

.6.4.    ,    ,   .6.3.

.8.1.     .

.8.2.                .







. 2.1. ,         19551995.

. 3.1.    .

. 5.1.        ()       (    ).

. 5.2.         ,   .

. 5.3.           ,   .

. 7.1.      .




   



    (Taming Oblivion),   2000 ,     ,          .         No Aging in India: Alzheimers, The Bad Family, and Other Modern Things [Cohen 2000].         ,             ,             .                           [Brijnath 2014; Leibing, Cohen 2006; McLean 2007; Yahalom 2019]. ,        ,        ,                      ,     .

  ,    ,       ,    .  ,               .      ,       ,          .           ,    . ,         -     ,         .       ,     ,          .    ,  ,   ,          .             ,         ,   ,       .                  ,     ,      .                           ,   ,     , ,   ,           .




 


     ,      ,         .        19951996          .     ,    .      ,           .          ,             ,    . ,     ,    ,       ,       .                     .






.0.1.      , 2020.



    .       2021              ,   ,   ,      .  2010      16 400 ,     1000 ,  -         . ,  2050      11 000 .          ,     2.3   2.   0.1 ,            .   1990-     .       ,      70 .

       .                ,     ,  .      250 000   ,        .   ,    - ,    ,    ,   XXI       125    50.         .            ,          .

 ,    ,      1990- ,     .    ,             450 .  2021      220     .   ,   ,  ,    40%   :          .    Google Maps,           ,      ,     1990-  (.     0.2).     . ,       .        .






.0.2.    , 2021.      1990-       .



 ,    0.2,    ,     .   ,       8,5 ,  15%  . ,         .    2015    ,     ,   16%  ,  75 000 .    ,        ,                   ,      [Traphagan 2017].

        ,      .  2016         -3987 .     ,    ,    (-6342),        1950- ,    1990-     [Traphagan 2017].      ,     - ,          ,        .  ,     ,        ,           .




  


      ,      ,    ,    .      ,          :  ,   ,    ,       ,   ,       ,    .                .

  (  -),    ,  ,        ,        .    400 ,          .     ,    ( ),  ,            ,         .         (, danka)   500 ,  ,      ,       ,   ,         :  ,   .              Toyota,               /     .    -              -  ,      ,      ,          ,               .  ,           ,       ,    .       ,       .

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  ,   ,       .             [gomi]   ,      ,     .      .    ,   :     ,    .  ,       .          ,  -   .


   , ,     .     3  ,      .  ,   ,   .   ,                 , ,    ,        [Traphagan, 2004].      ,    , muenbotoke, ,        .  ,     ,  -      ,           .      , - ,       (, sabishii\       ,        ,      . -  ,         .  ,       ,        .  ,               ,       ,        .  ,          .

    ,     ,       .  /                      ,                . ,       ,     ,         . ,  ,   ,       .         ,      ,                             .

       ,    ,    ,        2011 .       ,      ,         .          ,       ,   ,             .  ,    .       ,      ,       , ,   ,       .         ,            ,     .                            [Traphagan 2020].

   , ,    ,  ,             .  -   ,             .    ,    ,  ,   , .  ,      ,  ,          1990- ,             ,    .




       


             .                ,       28%     .  :         16%.  ,  2060           38%[1 - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=JP/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1149301/japan-share-of-population-aged-65-and-above/ (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=JP/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1149301/japan-share-of-population-aged-65-and-above/)#:?:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20population%20aged,popu-lation%20in%20Japan%20by%202060 ( :17  2021.).].       65     ,          ,     :          .      65 ,    ,   1990- .    1990-    2000-       ,        ,   ,        ,             . , ,        ,    ,      ,       1988          [Traphagan, Nagasawa 2008].

        2000        (LTCI)           ,             ,     .  LTCI,      ,     ,       ,    ,        .    ,       , -,      , -,           ,     .   ,              (       ,   ,          )          . ,       ,        ,     ,       .    ,    ,         ,             .                     [2 - http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/elderly//index.html (http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/elderly/%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b5/index.html) ( :17  2021.).].             .    1997  60%             ,    46%     65 ,  43%        .  LTCI         [Traphagan, Nagasawa 2008].

   ,    LTCI  :    40          ,        .  50% ,        ,      ,    .  50%     ,         40 .     ,                 ,                 . ,  ,     10%,      ,         : , ,   ,   2%  .         ,    ,    ,                2000 .

              ,    . I       65   .  II       40  64 ,       ,      .        ,      .    ,           ,     ,   ,          ,   ,    ,    ,      ,       ,   ,  ,   .              .   I           .   II         ,          ,    ,  ,    ,  ,      .

  1970-             [Trapha-gan, Nagasawa 2008].      ()    ()  ,  ,       ,     ,  .     ,  -          .   ,    ,              ,  ,             .         ,      1990-          (, )     ,      (, )  ,          .  ,        ,    - :        ,        .      ,    1990-     ,    ,        .                      .

  ,    LTCI,      ,  ,            ,               .  ,    LTCI                      .






.0.3.         






        


  LTCI          , , ,       .   ,          ,            ,     ,        .           Ze-njinkai,                  [Traphagan, Nagasawa 2008].

   Zenjinkai    ,       ,       .      Zenjinkai     ,  ,    .   0.3    Zenjinkai,     ,    Tanabata (     ),         .        ,    ,  Zenjinkai     ,  .         .  Zenjinkai        :           .

  Cosmos     2000                 .   Alice   2002 .  ,         ,          LTCI  2000 .      369 , 70      .   2006      : 8052     ,   860   ,    10,6%     .

                 LTCI,           ,               .         LTCI     ,     .  ,        ,              .     -    . ,     Zenjinkai  ,        - ,    .







    ,          ,     ,         .    ,       , ,   ,   LTCI,            .  , ,            .   ,         ,        ,        .  ,   :    ,  ,    ,              .








    ,     ,          . ,            ,              .      ,   .       ,       ,     ,    .   , .  ,   ,  ,  ,  , ,  . , .  ,  ,  . ,    .  .      ,                           , ,     .

        .                      .         -       ,         1995  1996 .    1998        -,  - ,         .      .

             ,          1998      .             .      1998    ,               .  . ,       ,         .   5, 6  7        Ethnology  Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology,        ,         , . [Traphagan 1998, 1998b, 1998].

      ,   ,          ,           ,          .     ,    ,           . ,        ,        1995      .




 1

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          .     ,      ,   .    ,   ,  ,         .        ,    ,      .      .        ,        .   ,    .

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            ,          , ,       .            ,        .           ,   ,      ,                 .                 ,   ,  ,         ,     .

            [Henderson, Gutierrez-Mayka 1992; Cohen 1995, 1998; Herskovits 1995; Henderson 1997; Traphagan 1998b],     .        ,   ,   ,      ,       [Cummings 1995: 1481],      .         :   ()    ,   ,    ,    ,     [ : 14811482].                    , ,          [Khachaturian, Radebaugh 1996: 4].          ,    ,    ,     ,     -   ,  ,    ,           [Cummings 1995: 1481].

            ,                  [Beall et all 1996].        ,   ,           ,    .  ,    ,      ,      ,        [Morris 1996: 76].

               .  ,    (arutsuhaima,     ),   (chiho),  ,  -           (rojinsei chiho\    [Kikkawa 1995: 188]. ,     ,                     [Cohen 1995]    ,    ,        ,         .



    ,  ,  ,     ,  ,  . ,   (), ,   ,    [Ikeda 1995: 26].


      ,  ,    ,        ,     .  ,     ,        ,       ,         .

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   ,                .   ,         ,          ,          ,  ,          ,     , . [Hashimoto 1996: 35].

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            ,      ,      .      -           .  ,     ,           ,    ,           ,        [Cohen 1998: 33].




   


   ,       ,                .                 .   ,          [Barth 1975: 128]  ,            ,         [Boddy 1989:132; Bour-guignon 1973; Bourguignon 1976].              ,       .    ,      ,    :      ,        [Shaw 1990: 133134][3 -          [Giddens 1991: 5960].].

      -    ,       .    ,     ,    ,      ,     ,         ,      [Strathern 1996].    ,    ,     ,   ,                ,           [Ots 1994: 117].




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=68901582)  .

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notes








1


https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=JP/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1149301/japan-share-of-population-aged-65-and-above/ (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?locations=JP/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1149301/japan-share-of-population-aged-65-and-above/)#:?:text=In%202020%2C%20the%20population%20aged,popu-lation%20in%20Japan%20by%202060 ( :17  2021.).




2


http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/elderly//index.html (http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/elderly/%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b5/index.html) ( :

17  2021.).




3


         [Giddens 1991: 5960].


