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Kent E. Calder

Circles of Compensation

Economic Growth and the Globalization of Japan









 Kent . Calder, 2007

 Stanford University Press, 2017

 . ,   , 2022

 Academic Studies Press, 2022

   .  , 2022







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         ;     ()    2014   113,6  [4 - UNCTAD, Annex table 1. FDI flows, by region and economy, 20092014, World Investment Report 2015, A3-A6. URL: http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ wir2015_en.pdf ( : 14.01.2022).].     102,0%    2010      ,   ,   ,   [5 -  2014     $113,6    $30,6,    $116,0. UNCTAD, Annex table 1. FDI flows, by region and economy, 20092014, World Investment Report 2015, A3-A6. URL: http://unctad.org/en/ PublicationsLibrary/wir2015_en.pdf ( : 14.01.2022).].             1,0%    ,    4,0%  [6 -  2012        $6,9,   0,66%      .  ,           $21,7, 4,10%    . UNCTAD, Bilateral FDI Statistics 2014. URL: http://unctad.org/ en/Pages/DIAE/FDI%20Statistics/FDI-Statistics-Bilateral.aspx (    ).].       2014    $2,1                [7 -      2014   $9,9,           $128,5 [World Investment Report 2015].].            [8 - World Bank, Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), World Development Indicators, 2014. URL: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. CD (    ).    ,       2014   0,2%   ,               0,8%   .].  ,           80,0%       2009 ,     [9 -      $11,9  2009 ,   $2,1  2014  [World Investment Report 2015].].

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 ,  1980-         (    ) ,     .      ,       248%       [15 -   :    (% ) // World Economic Outlook, October 2016.].       1985                    13      [16 -             ?3,12    1985 ; ?3,63    1986 ;  ?6,00    1987          . ,   1987  ?5,00       ?1,00     .    1988                      ,        [Muramatsu, Kitamura 2010: 175]. URL: www.esri.go.jp/ jp/others/kanko_sbubble/analysis_07.html ( : 14.01.2022); Japanese Optimistic on Economic Growth 11 Journal of Commerce, June 21,1987. URL: www.joc.com/maritime-news/japanese-optimistic-economic-growth_19870621. html-o (    ); Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Diplomatic Bluebook 1988. URL: www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/1988/ 1988-contents.htm (    ).].        (Structural Impediments Initiative),    1990-          ,    430              1990    [Komine, Okada 2011:419]. 19981999            42        ,           [17 -     ?23,9      1998    ?18     1999  [Muramatsu, Kitamura 2010].].




 


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  ,     ,     -    .       ,    ,       ,    ,      .                     ,         -           .

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      ,       ,       -                 .             .           .             - ,      [43 - , ,    2015           ?403,55 ,         . URL: www.stat.go.jp/english /data/ handbook/pdf /2015all.pdf (    ).].




 


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1


     ,   ,    ,     1960                  ;  .  [Conrad 2012].




2


       ,   ,     .     ,   ,    ,       .




3


   : World Bank, Merchandise exports (current US$), World Development Indicators, 2015. URL: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ TX.VAL.MRCH.CD.WT ( : 14.01.2022); World Bank, GDP (current US$), World Development Indicators, 2015. URL: http://data.worldbank. org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD (    ).




4


UNCTAD, Annex table 1. FDI flows, by region and economy, 20092014, World Investment Report 2015, A3-A6. URL: http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ wir2015_en.pdf ( : 14.01.2022).




5


 2014     $113,6    $30,6,    $116,0. UNCTAD, Annex table 1. FDI flows, by region and economy, 20092014, World Investment Report 2015, A3-A6. URL: http://unctad.org/en/ PublicationsLibrary/wir2015_en.pdf ( : 14.01.2022).




6


 2012        $6,9,   0,66%      .  ,           $21,7, 4,10%    . UNCTAD, Bilateral FDI Statistics 2014. URL: http://unctad.org/ en/Pages/DIAE/FDI%20Statistics/FDI-Statistics-Bilateral.aspx (    ).




7


     2014   $9,9,           $128,5 [World Investment Report 2015].




8


World Bank, Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), World Development Indicators, 2014. URL: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. CD (    ).    ,       2014   0,2%   ,               0,8%   .




9


     $11,9  2009 ,   $2,1  2014  [World Investment Report 2015].




10


         ()    (  ),                 , ,   .




11


      (   % ); .: World Development Indicators, 19902015. URL: http://data.worldbank.org/in-dicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG (    ).




12


 ; .  .




13


            (31,        68SNA,   = 1990  (C.Y. 19551998), Historical Statistics of Japan).




14


 1990                          .  2015           ,        (  ,     (     )); .: World Development Indicators, 2015. URL: http://data. worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD ( : 14.01.2022).




15


  :    (% ) // World Economic Outlook, October 2016.




16


            ?3,12    1985 ; ?3,63    1986 ;  ?6,00    1987          . ,   1987  ?5,00       ?1,00     .    1988                      ,        [Muramatsu, Kitamura 2010: 175]. URL: www.esri.go.jp/ jp/others/kanko_sbubble/analysis_07.html ( : 14.01.2022); Japanese Optimistic on Economic Growth 11 Journal of Commerce, June 21,1987. URL: www.joc.com/maritime-news/japanese-optimistic-economic-growth_19870621. html-o (    ); Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Diplomatic Bluebook 1988. URL: www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/1988/ 1988-contents.htm (    ).




17


    ?23,9      1998    ?18     1999  [Muramatsu, Kitamura 2010].




18


  -      . [Hofheinz, Calder 1982: 154157].




19


Nikkei 225    38 957,44 29  1989  (.    Nikkei (Nikkei 225). URL: http://indexes.nikkei.co.jp/ en/nkave/archives/data ( : 10.04.2022).




20


  Nikkei 225  9  2016   19 042,48.       ,     49%   1989 .




21


       . [Tiberghien 2007].




22


          ,      : ,  ,    .                , ,    .




23


 ,       ,    ,         ( ),       [Olson 1982].




24


             . [Hall ., Soskice 2001].




25


   ,  ,                           [Dore 1973].   ,           [Ramseyer 1993].




26


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27


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28


      . [Frieden 2006; Ferguson et al. 2011].




29


,  19791980        35%  ,           . URL: http://GlobalSecurity.org, globalsecurity.org/military/world/ japan/industry-shipbuilding- 1970s.htm (    ).




30


           1853 .     14  1853       ,         .   1854   ,    ,     .




31


         [Huntington 1968;

Schmitter, Lehmbruch 1979; Haggard 1990; Lijphart 1999; Acemoglu, Robinson 2012].




32


         ,    ,  ,   -    [Woo-Cumings 1999].




33


          . [Calder 1998: 336353].




34


  ,     [Calder 1988: 160].




35


         .

[Tsebelis 1990: 7278; Axelrod 1984: 7387].  , ,   ,             ,      ,     ,    ,      ,   ,      .




36


      . [Woodall 1996: 2728].




37


   . [Shuhe Li 2003].




38


   ,      ,          [Hall ., Soskice 2001: 44].




39


   . [Uriu 1996; Hiroshi 1996: 7981].




40


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41


 ,             ,     .




42


       . [Lynn, McKeown 1988].




43


, ,    2015           ?403,55 ,         . URL: www.stat.go.jp/english /data/ handbook/pdf /2015all.pdf (    ).




44


Kent . Calder. The Japanese Model of Industrial Policy (    2007 ).




45


,         ,  ,     ,              [Schmitter, Lehmbruch 1979].




46


    -  ., ., [Kim . et al. 2011; Vogel 2011:291310].




47


   ,  2015      

17,9%      45,9%   . URL: http:// data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXRGNFS.ZS ( : 16.01.2022).


