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  PDF A4    .





 

 

        



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First published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, an imprint of The Orion Publishing Group, London



     



 Michael Christopher Marshall, 2020

 Max Ernst, La nature ? laurore (Chant du soir), 1938    / , 2023

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 1970            (Le Hasard et la ncessit)  ,            [1 - Monod J. Le hazard et la ncessit. 1970. ditions de Seuil, Paris. Published in English as Chance and Necessity by William Collins Sons & Co Ltd, 1972.][2 -  ,   * (  ),  .        ,    . . .].     ,         .    ,              ,  .     ,       ,  .     ,  ,        ,       ?         -    ,      - ,     ,     .  ,           .

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     .     ,     -  .       ,         .

         [3 - Blobel G. Christian de Duve (19172013). Nature, vol. 498, iss. 7454, p. 300. 2013.],    .      (Vital Dust)     [4 - De Duve C. Life as a cosmic imperative? Philosophical Transactions A, vol. 369, iss. 1936, pp. 620623. 2011.].      ,     ,      .    13     ,   ,    ,  .   , , ,   .  ,                .         ,     ,      ,   ,    ,  ,      .  ,     ,   ,   .   : ,    .          ,     ,          ,     .   ,         , ,       .       ,               ,   .

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    ,     ,  ,     ¸,     , , .                  ,    ,       .   ,   ¸        .  ,        ,    .     ¸     [10 - Ramberg P.J. The Death of Vitalism and The Birth of Organic Chemistry: Wohlers Urea Synthesis and the Disciplinary Identity of Organic Chemistry. Ambix, vol. 47, iss. 3, pp. 170195. 2000.].  1930-   ,  ¸,        ,  ,   .   ¸, ,    .

                 .   ,         .      ()  ,       .    ,    ,    ,           ,      ,        .    ?           ,          - [11 -        () ():     .         ?   -  ,     .]?

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         ,    ,      .            ,      ,             .   ,      , ,        .

      .   ,           ,     ,       .    1913           ,       .        (The Origin and Nature of Life)         .  ,           ,        [14 - Moore B. The Origin and Nature of Life. 1913. Henry Holt and Company (New York), Williams and Norgate (London).].               .      .

,    ,  .    ,        ,        .         ,       .            .    :        ,  , ,    .       ,          . , ,          ,    ,      ,      .  ,     ,        .        (Creation),          ,    :     ,   ,       [15 - Grand S. Creation: Life and how to make it. 2000. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p. 6.].

          ,       , ,      (    ). ,       .          ,        .      :   2013            , -     .  ,          . ,        ,            5,   ,         .   ,        ,      .

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        ,      .  1858           [19 - Pouchet F. Note sur des proto-organismes vgtaux et animaux, ns spontanment dans lair artificiel et dans le gaz oxyg?ne. Comptes Rendus, vol. 47, pp. 979984, Acadmie des Sciences, 1858.].     ,      ,       .    ,    ,        ,   .        ,     .

   ,      .  , ,         ,          .       ,      (Heterogenesis, or Treatise on Spontaneous Generation),    [20 - Pouchet F. Htrognie, ou Trait de la gnration spontane. 1859. Paris: Bailli?re.].

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     .      :  ,        ,       .          ,        .             .             , ,   ,       .          ,    -  .

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  ,         .       ,        ,      .  -         ,        .      . II      (A Brief History of Creation),  ,    ,          ,  [22 - Mesler B., Cleaves H.J. A Brief History of Creation: Science and the search for the origin of life. 2016. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.].    ,     ,     ,    .         ,         .

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      [29 - Lagunoff D. A Polish, Jewish Scientist in 19th-Century Prussia. Science, vol. 298, iss. 5602, p. 2331. 2002.],  .    ,          .  1840-  1850-      ,      .   -           ,  , ,  .        ,   1855      Omnis cellula e cellula (.     ).         (    ,          ),     -   .          ,     .

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     ,               ,     .               , ,  ,  .   XIX   (  )   ,           ,          .

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   , , -,      .        ,       1896 .        ,   ,       .  ,      ,        ,       .     1930-   .  ,           ,        [33 - Stacey F.D. Kelvins age of the Earth paradox revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 105, iss. B6, pp. 1315513158. 2000.].

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        . ,      -238 (   )       1000 .  4468    ,    (  500)     .    4468        (250 )        ,          .    4468  ,    -238  ,     (. half-life).         (    ),          (    ).         ,   1907          ,      400  [34 - Boltwood B.B. Ultimate Disintegration Products of the Radio-active Elements. Part II. The disintegration products of uranium. American Journal of Science, series 4, vol. 23, pp. 7788. 1907.].

   ,      . ,       ,     .        ,       .

,   ,      [35 - Dunham K.C. Arthur Holmes. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol. 12, pp. 290310. 1966.].       1911-,       .             ,      ,     .   ,    370  ,         [36 - Holmes A. The Association of Lead with Uranium in Rock-Minerals, and Its Application to the Measurement of Geological Time. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, vol. 85, iss. 578, p. 248. 1911.].

       ,   (The Age of the Earth),      ,             . (, ,       -  .)     ,           ,           ,    1  600  [37 - Holmes A. The Age of the Earth. 1913. Harper & Brothers.].

              . (       1927  1937 .)       3          1946 [38 - Holmes A. An estimate of the age of the Earth. Nature, vol. 157, pp. 680684. 1946.].

     ,  ,     ,  ,       .    ,         ,  ,    ,        ,    .

  1953 ,                 .        ,       ,    ,          .       ,    4,5  ,  ,      [39 - Houtermans F.G. Determination of the age of the Earth from the isotopic composition of meteoritic lead. Nuovo Cimento, vol. 10, iss. 12, pp. 16231633. 1953.].                ,      ( ,       )[40 - Patterson C.C. The isotopic composition of meteoritic, basaltic and oceanic leads, and the age of the Earth. Proceedings of the Conference on Nuclear Processes in Geologic Settings, Williams Bay, Wisconsin, Sept. 2123, 1953, pp. 3640.].     ,      .        ,          .               1956 [41 - Patterson C.C. Age of meteorites and the Earth. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 10, pp. 230237. 1956.]




  .


   .

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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Monod J. Le hazard et la ncessit. 1970. ditions de Seuil, Paris. Published in English as Chance and Necessity by William Collins Sons & Co Ltd, 1972.




2


 ,   * (  ),  .        ,    . . .




3


Blobel G. Christian de Duve (19172013). Nature, vol. 498, iss. 7454, p. 300. 2013.




4


De Duve C. Life as a cosmic imperative? Philosophical Transactions A, vol. 369, iss. 1936, pp. 620623. 2011.




5


Saini A. Inferior: How science got women wrong and the new research thats rewriting the story. 2017. HarperCollins.




6


Whitesides G.M. Revolutions in chemistry. Chemical & Engineering News, vol. 85, n. 13, pp. 1217. 2007.




7


Gaiman N. Norse Mythology. 2017. Bloomsbury.




8


     ,     .  . .




9


W?hler F. Uber k?nstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, vol. 12, pp. 253256. 1828.




10


Ramberg P.J. The Death of Vitalism and The Birth of Organic Chemistry: Wohlers Urea Synthesis and the Disciplinary Identity of Organic Chemistry. Ambix, vol. 47, iss. 3, pp. 170195. 2000.




11


       () ():     .         ?   -  ,     .




12


lan vital (.  ) ,                 .  . .




13


,    ,  - 1988     .  . .




14


Moore B. The Origin and Nature of Life. 1913. Henry Holt and Company (New York), Williams and Norgate (London).




15


Grand S. Creation: Life and how to make it. 2000. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p. 6.




16


 . .  . .




17


 ,     ,     1668 . . . .




18


Fry I. The Emergence of Life on Earth: A historical and scientific overview. 2000. Rutgers University Press.




19


Pouchet F. Note sur des proto-organismes vgtaux et animaux, ns spontanment dans lair artificiel et dans le gaz oxyg?ne. Comptes Rendus, vol. 47, pp. 979984, Acadmie des Sciences, 1858.




20


Pouchet F. Htrognie, ou Trait de la gnration spontane. 1859. Paris: Bailli?re.




21


Darwin C. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. 1859. John Murray, London.




22


Mesler B., Cleaves H.J. A Brief History of Creation: Science and the search for the origin of life. 2016. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.




23


www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-7471.xml




24


Hooke R. Micrographia: or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses. With Observations and Inquiries Thereupon. 1665. Royal Society, London.




25


Van Leeuwenhoek A. Observations, communicated to the publisher by Mr. Antony van Leewenhoeck, in a dutch letter of the 9th Octob. 1676. Philosophical Transactions, vol. 12, n. 133, pp. 821831. 1677.




26


Schleiden M.J. Beitr?ge ?ber Phytogenesis. M?llers Archiv f?r Anatomie and Physiologie, pp. 137176. 1838.




27


Schwann T. Microscopical Researches into the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants. 1839.




28


Baker J.R. The Cell-theory: aRestatement, History, and Critique. Part IV. The Multiplication of Cells. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, vol. 94, iss. 4, pp. 407440. 1953.




29


Lagunoff D. A Polish, Jewish Scientist in 19th-Century Prussia. Science, vol. 298, iss. 5602, p. 2331. 2002.




30


Ussher J. Annales Veteris Testamenti, a prima mundi origine deducti, una cum rerum Asiaticarum et Aegyptiacarum chronico, a temporis historici principio usque ad Maccabaicorum initia producto. 1650.




31


Gould S.J. Fall in the House of Ussher. Natural History, vol. 100, pp. 1221. 1991.




32


Thomson W. On the Secular Cooling of the Earth. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, XXIII, pp. 160161. 1864.




33


Stacey F.D. Kelvins age of the Earth paradox revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 105, iss. B6, pp. 1315513158. 2000.




34


Boltwood B.B. Ultimate Disintegration Products of the Radio-active Elements. Part II. The disintegration products of uranium. American Journal of Science, series 4, vol. 23, pp. 7788. 1907.




35


Dunham K.C. Arthur Holmes. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol. 12, pp. 290310. 1966.




36


Holmes A. The Association of Lead with Uranium in Rock-Minerals, and Its Application to the Measurement of Geological Time. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, vol. 85, iss. 578, p. 248. 1911.




37


Holmes A. The Age of the Earth. 1913. Harper & Brothers.




38


Holmes A. An estimate of the age of the Earth. Nature, vol. 157, pp. 680684. 1946.




39


Houtermans F.G. Determination of the age of the Earth from the isotopic composition of meteoritic lead. Nuovo Cimento, vol. 10, iss. 12, pp. 16231633. 1953.




40


Patterson C.C. The isotopic composition of meteoritic, basaltic and oceanic leads, and the age of the Earth. Proceedings of the Conference on Nuclear Processes in Geologic Settings, Williams Bay, Wisconsin, Sept. 2123, 1953, pp. 3640.




41


Patterson C.C. Age of meteorites and the Earth. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 10, pp. 230237. 1956.


