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           ,          .   ,   ,            .  ,           [63 -      .   ,   ,   ,     .       .].

     1689         .       1728      .             ,         .      :   (1683),  (1690),  (1691)  (1732),    -.           .        47   ().   ,   ,      .         -:       .          .  ,            [64 - Foust C. M. Muscovite andMandarin. P.97; Dabringhaus S. Grenzzone imGleichgewicht: China undRu?land im18. Jahrhundert // Frieden undKrieg inder Fr?hen Neuzeit: Dieeurop?ische Staatenordnung unddie au?ereurop?ische Welt / Ed. R. G. Asch, W. E. Vo?, M. Wrede. Munich: Fink, 1999. S. 579580; Kim L. E. Marginal Constituencies: Qing Borderland Policies andVernacular Histories ofFive Tribes onthe Sino-Russian Frontier. PhD dissertation: Harvard University, 2009. P.150.].

       -.  1743     -       -.        頖           .      -   XIX.             ,         [65 - Kim L. E. Constituencies. P.143149, 190191. .: Hulunbeier zhil?e. 1924 / Ed. J. Zhang. Hailar: n. p., 2003. P.71, 107; Xu Sh. Dongsansheng zhengl?e. 1911. Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe, 1989. P.352353; Heilongjiang zhigao / Ed. F. Wan // Hei shui congshu, Harbin: Heilongjiang renmin chubanshe, 1992. 1. P.11491151, 14581474 passim.].

       X.            .    ,     , ,    [66 -      ,    蠫 .],    .  1898         ,     ,      - .   -    .     .   ,          .    ,  ,   ,  [67 -  .   -  . ,     //         . : .   . .  . 1899. . 3. .4.].

     ,     .       ,     ,    ,      .        .      ,   ,  ,     ,    .   XVIII,      ,      -  [68 -   ,      .   1725     891:  .  . .1. .227; .2. .18.       : ORourke Sh. TheCossacks. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007.].

   1728        ,        ()   [69 -  .].              ⠖ -     () .          :   , 頖   .              ,      [70 - Foust C. M. Muscovite andMandarin. P.8283;  .  . .2. .2024.].

    ,   XIX      ,  ,        .           ,  1764 1773,   .  ,      , ,      .          [71 -  .  . .2. .170171. .3.].

            ,    .   1770-           ,    [72 -  ,   ,    XIX   2400 , 500  900 :  .  . .2. .5668, 106111, 138163, 255  .].  ,     ,        - .   ,    ,  .  446  499   1842        .                .        285.              [73 -  .  . .2. . 9, 14.     :  .         //       . : .  , 1863. .6. .102103.].

   1822      .              ,      .       . ,      ,    ,   [74 -  .  . .2. .255257.   ,     ,  : Naumov I. V. TheHistory ofSiberia / Ed. D. N. Collins. London: Routledge, 2006. P.9598.        3.].

        .  ,  25,    ,   ,       .   ,     .  ,       :     ,     .        堖      .

        ,    ,   .            ,     . ,   ,      ,    . -        .  -       .      ,       ,      [75 -              ,   :  .  . .2. .255267. . 1015.].




  :   Ƞ   


  ,     ,   XIX.    ,   XVII  XVIII,     ,        ,    ,       .    ,    ,       ,       ,    .

     1847  -       ,                .          (18491855),           .         頖  (1858)  (1860),       軠  [76 - Paine S. C. M. Imperial Rivals. P.28106 passim;  :  . .95118; Bassin M. Imperial Visions: Nationalist Imagination andGeographical Expansion inthe Russian Far East, 18401865. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.].    XIX  ,      .

   XIX,        .   -   ,        ,  1851     .     48169  ,    ,     .                 .       .         - -,   ,     . , 1884,      -.  ,        1906     .    1851        [77 -  .  . .3. .3435;  :  . .1. .159160. Π  - .: Matsuzato K. TheCreation ofthe Priamur Governor Generalship in1884 andthe Reconfiguration ofAsiatic Russia // Russian Review. 2012. Vol.71. P.365390.].

   1874     ,    .          ,   ,      ,     .   1871      ,  ,   .        堖 [78 -  :   . .370376;  . .   . .919;  .  . .3. .169175.].

  ,           XIX.  1899    ,   ,    20,           :        , ,     .       .     ,      ,  ,   [79 - . . 404. . 2. . 444. . 109122,  . 121 .122.].      ,  , ,    .    ,           ,    ,   .         ,           ,      .

  ,  ,        頖       50,      .    -  XIX       .    ,     .         ,    ,   ,     ,         .      ,         .

     1850-         -  ,     .            .  1862       .    ( )     .   ,    ,      .               ,       ,     .           , ,   .     堖       .       ,         , ,  ,    .      [80 -  . . - :     . : , 2003. .937; Quested R. K. I. Matey Imperialists? TheTsarist Russians inManchuria, 18951917. Hong Kong: Centre ofAsian Studies, University ofHong Kong, 1982. P.7477.].

頖     堖             .     -,     ,        .           .       ,   ࠖ   ,     ,     .       1864,               .    :      .   ,    ,   ,         , ,  ,    [81 -  . .    1864  .  //       . : .  , 1865. .8. .26.  .6;  .       //       . : .  , 1865. .8. .149150.].   ,         ,  .         XIX      ,    2030   ,       [82 -  .  . .5.].               ,     [83 - :  . .           -. : . . . , 1871. .4045.    1880-             . ., :  . . 704. . 1. . 695. . 25.].

    ,  1862,  ,       ,    [84 - ࠖ   ,   1,067.].  ,    ,     .            : ,  .          .            ,       ,   .       ,      .   ,  ,       - [85 -  . . 704. . 1. . 356. . 1819;     , 18581917 / . . . . : -  , 2003. .1317;  . . - . .8998;   / . . . .550552.].   ,     ,             .

         堖    .   175  - -,  ,   .     XIX,        -     -.   - ,        -.      1784      , ,       .

    .              .         .             .           ,  ,    ꠫    ,    .        , -    , ,    ,    .  1870-        ⠖  .        ,    ,      .       ,        ,   ,   [86 -  . . . .95103;  . .     (  1908 1909.) //       . 1912. .8. . 1. .3343.       :  . .  . .224227.].

         - ,     1900        ,       XIX.  ,    ,     .  , ,        ,       ,         , ,     -[87 -   //  . 1903. 14. .2.].

    ,         , ,  .       .  ,     ,   ,      ,   ⠖         [88 -  .  . .45.].  ,  X     ,  ,  .         , ,         ,  - .        ,  [89 -   / . . . .371372;  . .  . .227230.].   ,             .




 Ƞ:      


       ,    ,    ,        .        頖       .

  XIX   -    -.        .      ,      ,                ( -).

   頖          ,    1894,      :



       ,           ,    ,         ,    :        ,     .   ,  , :  , ,    ,     ,      ,   ,         ,    ,  .        ,  - , 堖  , ,    ;  ,  ,  ,   ,      ,  ,        ,  [90 -  . .  . .211216.  .214215.  ,     -    , .: .,  . . .: . . . , 1897. .26.].


     .        1862     ,   砫  (  ), ,  55   ,   [91 -  .  . .151152.  .151. .:   / . . . .303304.].          ,    -      ,    -.

       ,      , .   ,      ,      .  1759           .    582 1883  1912  959.    ,       ,   [92 -  .  . .2. .146 (1759);      ,  ,    1-  1883. : . . ., 1884. .7 (1883);      1912. : . ., 1913. .132133 (1912).  18  1912   .].      1917,          XIX.           .       .   , 714   1895  3327 , 3762    , 10254 , 2122  94 [93 -  . .    . .: . . , 1895. .142143.]




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notes








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 .  . .2. .170171. .3.




72


 ,   ,    XIX   2400 , 500  900 :  .  . .2. .5668, 106111, 138163, 255  .




73


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74


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75


             ,   :  .  . .2. .255267. . 1015.




76


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78


 :   . .370376;  . .   . .919;  .  . .3. .169175.




79


. . 404. . 2. . 444. . 109122,  . 121 .122.




80


 . . - :     . : , 2003. .937; Quested R. K. I. Matey Imperialists? TheTsarist Russians inManchuria, 18951917. Hong Kong: Centre ofAsian Studies, University ofHong Kong, 1982. P.7477.




81


 . .    1864  .  //       . : .  , 1865. .8. .26.  .6;  .       //       . : .  , 1865. .8. .149150.




82


 .  . .5.




83


:  . .           -. : . . . , 1871. .4045.    1880-             . ., :  . . 704. . 1. . 695. . 25.




84


ࠖ   ,   1,067.




85


 . . 704. . 1. . 356. . 1819;     , 18581917 / . . . . : -  , 2003. .1317;  . . - . .8998;   / . . . .550552.




86


 . . . .95103;  . .     (  1908 1909.) //       . 1912. .8. . 1. .3343.       :  . .  . .224227.




87


  //  . 1903. 14. .2.




88


 .  . .45.




89


  / . . . .371372;  . .  . .227230.




90


 . .  . .211216.  .214215.  ,     -    , .: .,  . . .: . . . , 1897. .26.




91


 .  . .151152.  .151. .:   / . . . .303304.




92


 .  . .2. .146 (1759);      ,  ,    1-  1883. : . . ., 1884. .7 (1883);      1912. : . ., 1913. .132133 (1912).  18  1912   .




93


 . .    . .: . . , 1895. .142143.


