      .    
  

  


              ,    .    ,    ,      .

            ().      ,       ,   ,     .

               .       ,             ,      ,    .

      , , ,     ,  , ,    ,    ,     .

  PDF A4    .





.. , . . 

      .    



 . . , . . , 2021

  -, 2021







                 (, 2012; , 2010; , 2019; , 2019; Azman, 2017; Bj?rnnes, 2019; Dickson, 2012; Hastings, 2005; Jaramillo, 2016  .).               ,      . ,   ,      ,     ,       ,    .  ,   ,        ,    ,  ,     ,   .

       ,        ,      ,    ,    .       ,        ,      ,     ,     , , ,   .

,      ,         ,          .

     ,      ,        ,         ,   ,     젖     .      ,     ,    .

             .      ,              ,     ,                  .

                (Almberg, 2000; Hubbell, 2002; Angermeyer, 2006; Cuipers, 2000; Kokurcan, 2015; Boydell, 2013  .),    -     .

  ,   ,             .        .

      .               ,    .       .    ,   ,      .

            ().        ,            ,             ,     ,   .         ,       ,      .

                .           ,           ().

  ,        -,     ,    ,   ,   ,   , .

       (),      .    ,      .    ,  ,       ,             .    -     . . .            .




1.      ,   



           ,      ,   ,     .




1.1.  ,   ,    



                ,           .

      ,      ,               .

         ,         ,       ,   R. S. Lazarus    (Lazarus, 1978; 1984  .).    ,  ,        / (appraisal)    .

              . ,                      (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 1987).

             ,   .

                - .               . ,    ,          (  );   堖       ,    (  informal caregivers),    ,   (Kobasa, 1982; McCubbin, 1982; McCubbin, 1989).     .




1.1.1.   


     Reuben Hill,           ABCX  (Hill, 1958).     :

A   /; B  ; C   ; X .

 / (A),  ,  ,        ,     .          .            .

  (B)     ,         ,         .    R. Hill , ,  ,  .

   (C)        ,     .          (crisis-producing/-provoking) ,   ,     (crisisprone).

   (X)            ,       . , , ,  ,        ,      .

   R. Hill (1949, 1958)    ,   ,  The Double ABCX Model (McCubbin, 1983), Typology Double ABCX model(McCubbin, 1983),    Typology Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin, 1995),  Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin, 1991; 1993).

   ABCX  R. Hill         ,          ,        . ,    ,      ,     ,          ,      , ,    ,          (Kiehl, 2007).

 ,            ,         ,   -.

         J. M. Patterson      ,      ,        (McCubbin, 1983; Patterson, 1988; 1989; 1993; 2002; 1994).

J. M. Patterson (1988)  Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response model FAAR (     ),             .

  ,            (demands)   (capabilities) .       (meanings)  ,           .

   J. M. Patterson     ,   ,  .        (, ),      (, ),     (Patterson, 2002).

    ,  J. M. Patterson,       :

   ,

    ( ),

     .

, ,        ()      ;  ,         ,     ;  ,      ,        .         ,       .

         ,      . J. M. Patterson     .      ()   (  ).      ,   ,        ( ).         ,   ,    ,       ,     (Patterson, 1988).    ⠖  ,   ,        (,   ). 堖    ,    ,    ,     ,               (Patterson, 1988).

   ,  J. M. Patterson,    ,  : ,   .

  (adjustment phase)  ,           ,     .          .   ,         ,   .

    (crisis phase)      ,        .         .

   (adaptation phase)      (),      (McCubbin, 1983),     ,         .   ,   ,   ,       .

    ,   ,            ,   ,   ,         ,         (Patterson, 1988, 1994).

         (bonadaptation),        蠖      (Patterson, 2002).

        FAAR ,            .

          ,   ,   (hardiness) (McCubbin, 1991; 1993),     (Family Distress Model),         . (Boss, 2002; Cornille & Boroto, 1992; Cornille, 1996),      ,            .

           ,           ,    (/)  ,  ,           (, 1999; , 2011; , 2016; , 2010; 2012; , 2016; , 1998; , 2008; 2005  .).

            -,    / (, 2004; , 2015; , 2016; , 2010; 2012; , 1998; , 1999).

         . .    ,        ,     .  ,  ,           ,                 ,    -   (  ,  ,    ..).                (, 2008; 2003).

    . .   . .   ,     .     ,   ,    .         /  .

 ,  ,     ,       ,           ,     ,     (/, /, /, / ,  /      .) (, 2011, . 106).

  ,        ,   ,                  .




1.1.2.    ,   (informal caregivers)


  ,         ,  ,  ,     caregiver ,  ,   (Given, 2008; Family Caregivers Alliance, 2019).

       ,      ,   (nursing),     .

  Melinda Hermanns  Beth Mastel-Smith           .   ,  ,  ,   caregiver,  /   .   ,    ,    , ,   ,       .  ,  ,    ,       caregiver (Hermanns, 2012).

,    caregiver   ,    ,   ,   ,     (Drentea, 2007).

,      (nursing),       ,  caregiver. , Swanson    (1997)     ,  , ,  (tasks),  (transition),  (roles).   , ,        ,      .       , ,         .    , Swanson               (mutual nurturing) .

  ,    . Caregiver  ,     (, , ,  , ,   ..)   (        )           .

   caregiver       ,                 (Informal care in the long-term care system, 2010).

     ,  ,    ,     (caregiving)      /  ,    (Hermanns, 2012).       ,  .

  - ,     ,   ,  ,    Stress Process Model   (Pearlin, 1990), Two-factor model of caregiving appraisal and psychological wellbeing         (Lawton, 1991)      Model of Carer Stress and Burden      (S?rensen, 2006).

      Stress Process Model, Leonard I. Pearlin    (1990)  ,   caregiver,   ,    ,   -    ,  ,     ,   .   -     ,    .  -    : ,     ,     ,  ,      .  ,                .

        ,        ,    .

M. P. Lawton   (1991)      ,    ,   .   Two-factor model of caregiving appraisal and psychological well-being,          ,      ,   (caregiver).       (  ,    )   (  ,        )       (, )     .     ,   ,  ,         ,           .   ,  ,   ,    (caregiving)       ,         .  ,   ,      ,     ,  ,           (Lawton, 1991).

 Model of Career Stress and Burden (S?rensen, 2006)        (Stress Process Model  Two-factor model of caregiving appraisal and psychological well-being).         ,      ,       .   5 :   (background and contextual factors),  -,  -, , ,    .

       .    , ,  - ,     , , .

  -   ,     :     (,    ,  );      ( ,     ,   ,     ..);   ,   (  ).

 -    (,   ,  ,  ,  ).       -  .

 (appraisal)     ()   ,      .

      (, ),  (,   ),  (,   ,    ).

      ,  ,           ,     . , Stress process model      ,     (Mitrani, 2006; S?rensen, 2006),    ,   (Judge, 2009).  ,  ,        ,  ,  ,  ,      (Knight, 2000).

    ,             ,   - (  ),     (appraisal)       .




1.1.3.  


        ,          (Azman, 2017; Bj?rnnes, 2019; Dickson, 2012; Hastings, 2005; Jaramillo, 2016  ).

  ,        ,        ,   ,       ,     .

      S. Olshansky (1962)    ,  ,             , , ,     .               .

           ,     ,  ,       (Boss, 2002).   ,       ,   ,        .        , ,     ,       ,          .             .           ,      ,              (Sidell, 1997).

            ,  ,    (Rangaswami, 1995).      ,  , ,   ,    (Frude, 1992).

     ,  ,         (Chandorkar, 2000).

            (Bouma, 1990; Hastings, 2005; Jaramillo, 2016; Kasari, 1997; Koegel, 1992; Seltzer, 2001; Sanders, 1997  .).

     , ,     (   ,      ),   ,     ,               (Revenson, 2016).

, ,           ,      -     ,        ,      (Katz, 1999; Goble, 2004).      -               (Konstantareas, 1992),      (Hastings, 2005).         ,          ,     ,     ,        (Essex, 1999; Gavidia-Payne, 1997).  ,     ,      (McGrath, 2003).

         ,  ,            ,       ,   ,    .

                .                (posttraumatic growth),    (stress-related growth),    (growth following adversity) (Appleton, 2018; Calhoun, 2004; Finzi-Dottan, 2011; Hastings, 2002; Joseph, 2008; King, 2000; Park, 2006; Scorgie, 2000; Taunt, 2002).

  ,      ,         (Lawton, 1991; Appleton, 2018).

   ,  ,    ,           ,          .  ,    ,          ;  ,    / ;  ,     ;     ,    ;      (     ,  );  ,        ;      ;     .. (Hastings, 2002; Scorgie, 2000).

    ,   /   ,   ,    .    ,          ,   .

 ,  -                 (Bachanas, 2001; Pakenham, 2006).

  -    , ,  :  ,   ,     ,   ,       ,    ,       ,        (Kita, 2013 Sun, 2014; Williams, 2014).

        ,   ,      (emotional intelligence),        ,  ,   ,      , ,   ,         (Finzi-Dottan, 2011).

         ,       ,                (Bhan, 1998; Gupta, 2004; Thombre, 2010).

        (acceptance)     ,        ,       ,   ,        (Azman, 2017; Dickson, 2012; Williams, 2014; Zegwaard, 2013).

  -   ,  ,              .    ,   ,   ,   ,            (Gupta, 2004).

 ,   ,     (Branscum, 2010; Pakenham, 2001; Singer, 1999; Sun, 2014; Williams, 2014  .).

   ,    ,      ,    ,      (Lim, 2004; Navaie-Waliser, 2002; Feinberg, 2012).

    , ,   ,  ,   ,      (  /   , , ),    (,   ),    ,      (, , ) (Bj?rnnes, 2019).

          ,     ,    ,  .

    ,         - ,            ,     (, 2013; , 2011; , 2006; , 2007; , 2013; , 2019; , 2012  .).        ,  ,    (, 2018; 2019; , 2019; , 2018).

        ,  -, . .  (2007)        ,       ,    .   ,     ,        .

    . .   . .  (2012)   ,    ,       (  Ϡ   ).        ,   ,  , ,  ,  ,    ,   .

 ,   ,           (, 2006).

    ,      , . .  (2011)   ,       (,        ).  ,        (, ,      )   (   - ) ,       .   ,    ,      .

  ,    ( ),         (, 2007)          (       ) (, 2015).

  - ,    , . .  ,       ,   , - ,        ,        (, 2014).

 . .  (2013)  ,   -     , ,                . ,        ,  젖  .   ,          ,         .  ,       ,         ,  ,  ,   , -,  .      . .    .  ,   ,      ,    ,     ,         ,   ,  .

,  ,    , ,         .  ,       ,   ,       (, 2018; 2019; , 2019). , ,          ,       (, 2018).      ,       (, 2019; , 2018).

          ,        .        ,     (   )     ,  ,     .      -,       ,   -  ,  ,       (, 2018; 2019).

        ,         ,        ,  :       ;     ,        .      ,     , ,    ;  , , ,     .

       ,      ,      50- .      ,       .              ,       .




1.2.  .     


                (        ),             ,       (Hofmann, 1998).

    (burden on the family)     M. Treudley (Treudley, 1946),      ,        .

     1960- . (Hofmann, 1998). J. Grad  P. Sainsbury (1963)      . J. Hoenig  M. Hamilton (1966),    S. Platt  S. Hirsch (1981)       ,     (, ,    )    .

          R. Montgomery    (1985).  ,   ,        ,           ,  .

 S. Jones (1996)    .         , ,  ,  ,      ,   ,    ,         .

            ,              .               ,     ,     ,       .

          ,      ,     . ,           ,     ,  ,        (Hofmann, 1998).

     ,        ,      ,   (Zarit, 1980).

            ( ,   ),   ,       ,     .

    ,    ,                 (Clark, 1994; Franks, 1990),    ,    ,      ,    ,     ,         (Creer, 1982; McCubbin, 1982; Black, 1985; Lefley, 1989; Platt, 1980).

     :    ,      , ,         .. (Hadrys, 2011; Rose, 2006).

. P. Lefley (1989)      ,  ,   .      ,  ,                ,    ,      .

,     (      )         ,        .  ,      ,  ,     .    , ,        ,     ,     ,  .  , . P. Lefley               ,       ,  , ,      (Lefley, 1989).

          (Goldstein, 1981; Lefley, 1989).         30- .        .  ,   ,   ,    ࠖ   .            ,         ,           .

        ,           (crazymaking families),         .            ,        ,   ,   ,    ,           (, 2003; , 2017; Chang, 2006; Gonzlez-Torres, 2007).




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/a-m-shishkova/emocionalnoe-vygoranie-rodstvennikov-bolnyh-s-himicheskoy-za-68944560/)  .

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