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: Stefan Cirkovic Buurtzorg: Revolutionizing Home Care in the Netherlands, Center for Public Impact Case Study, November 15, 2018

.1.  Buurtzorg     



Buurtzorg      ࠖ   ,  2006.     ,      ,          .

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          ,                 . Ѡ2015 2019         $20      ,  -  .   ,       ,    1972 2014     75%    [1 - Gustavo Grullon, Yelena Larkin and Roni Michaely. Are US Industries Becoming More Concentrated?, April 2017, Review of Finance 23, no. 4 (2019): 697743, doi: 10.1093/rof/rfz007 (https://www.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfz007).].

,           ,       ,      ,   ,    ,    .

      ,      ,          ,     [2 - Bruce A.Blonigen and Justin R.Pierce. Evidence for the Effects of Mergers on Market Power and Efficiency, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 22750, October 2016, http://www.nber.org/papers/w22750.pdf (http://www.nber.org/papers/w22750.pdf).].    ,   ,    , ,    ,            ,      .  1980         21%; 2016   61%.      ,      [3 -     Jan De Loecker, Jan Eeckhout and Gabriel Unger, The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications, working paper, November 2019, http://www.janeeckhout.com/wp-content/uploads/RMP.pdf (http://www.janeeckhout.com/wp-content/uploads/RMP.pdf).    .De Loecker and Eeckhout. Global Market Power, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 24768, 2018, https://www.nber.org/papers/w24768 (https://www.nber.org/papers/w24768).].

        . Ӡ100-         ,     ,   ,     .                Tesla   ;               ;             .

        ,                        [4 - James E.Bessen. Accounting for Rising Corporate Profits: Intangibles or Regulatory Rents?, Boston University School of Law, Law and Economics Research Paper No. 1618, November 9, 2016, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid=2778641 (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid%3d2778641).].  ,         $2         $400     .     ,   ,     ,       ?

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  ,           .    ,       .         433 ໠    ,      .        ,        .   2020         $650.    ,          2%        S&P500.        ,          .

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,  ,       .              .   1979 2016  20%       27%,  20%       1% [8 - Jay Shambaugh etal. Thirteen Facts about Wage Growth, Brookings, September 25, 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/research/thirteen-facts-about-wage-growth/ (https://www.brookings.edu/research/thirteen-facts-about-wage-growth/).] (.2).






: Jay Shambaugh, Ryan Nunn, Patrick Liu, and Greg Nantz Thirteen Facts about Wage Growth, Brookings Institution report, September 2017.

.2.        (19792016)



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     ,            .        ,        ,          ,                .

      ,            ,            .    ,         .     ,     .   ,  53  ,  44%     ,   [11 - Martha Ross and Nicole Bateman. Meet the Low-Wage Workforce, Brookings, November 7, 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/research/meet-the-low-wage-workforce/ (https://www.brookings.edu/research/meet-the-low-wage-workforce/). The labor force as defined by this study is lower than the typical estimates since it excludes some students, the self-employed, and observations with data quality concerns. For trends toward low-wage employment across developed economies, see OECD Employment Outlook 2019: The Future of Work, https://doi.org/10.1787/9ee00155-en (https://doi.org/10.1787/9ee00155-en).].  ,     ,    .

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            .   iPhone   6.   ,   i486,       1980-.  2017  -     46600     40  ,  1992[15 - Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 20172022, white paper, February 27, 2019, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11741490.html (https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11%E2%80%93741490.html).].

       .            .        .   NVIDIA        DRIVE AGX Pegasus         320   [16 - James Vincent. Teslas New AI Chip Isnt a Silver Bullet for Self-Driving Cars, The Verge, April 24, 2019, https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/24/18514308/tesla-full-self-driving-computer-chip-autonomy-day-specs (https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/24/18514308/tesla-full-self-driving-computer-chip-autonomy-day-specs).].            ,   .          .  ,        ,   5. .

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 ,    .         ,   ,   ,    ,  ,           .      ,    ,   .

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13)AnchorFree;

14)Peloton;

15)Alibaba.



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notes








1


Gustavo Grullon, Yelena Larkin and Roni Michaely. Are US Industries Becoming More Concentrated?, April 2017, Review of Finance 23, no. 4 (2019): 697743, doi: 10.1093/rof/rfz007 (https://www.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfz007).




2


Bruce A.Blonigen and Justin R.Pierce. Evidence for the Effects of Mergers on Market Power and Efficiency, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 22750, October 2016, http://www.nber.org/papers/w22750.pdf (http://www.nber.org/papers/w22750.pdf).




3


    Jan De Loecker, Jan Eeckhout and Gabriel Unger, The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications, working paper, November 2019, http://www.janeeckhout.com/wp-content/uploads/RMP.pdf (http://www.janeeckhout.com/wp-content/uploads/RMP.pdf).    .De Loecker and Eeckhout. Global Market Power, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 24768, 2018, https://www.nber.org/papers/w24768 (https://www.nber.org/papers/w24768).




4


James E.Bessen. Accounting for Rising Corporate Profits: Intangibles or Regulatory Rents?, Boston University School of Law, Law and Economics Research Paper No. 1618, November 9, 2016, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid=2778641 (https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid%3d2778641).




5


Council of Economic Advisers, Benefits of Competition and Indicators of Market Power, Issue Brief, April 2016.




6


Eric Posner and Glen Weyl. The Real Villain Behind Our Gilded Age, NewYork Times, May 1, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/01/opinion/monopoly-power-new-gilded-age.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/01/opinion/monopoly-power-new-gilded-age.html).




7


Joe Weisenthal. Goldman Sachs Forced to Fundamentally Question How Capitalism Is Working, Sydney Morning Herald, February 4, 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/business/goldman-sachs-forced-to-fundamentally-question-how-capitalism-is-working-20160204-gmljq0.html (https://www.smh.com.au/business/goldman-sachs-forced-to-fundamentally-question-how-capitalism-is-working-20160204-gmljq0.html).




8


Jay Shambaugh etal. Thirteen Facts about Wage Growth, Brookings, September 25, 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/research/thirteen-facts-about-wage-growth/ (https://www.brookings.edu/research/thirteen-facts-about-wage-growth/).




9


Max Muro, Robert Maxin and Jacob Whiton. Automation and Artificial Intelligence, Brookings Policy Program, January 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01_BrookingsMetro_Automation-AI_Report_Muro-Maxim-Whiton-FINAL-version.pdf (https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2019.01_BrookingsMetro_Automation-AI_Report_Muro-Maxim-Whiton-FINAL-version.pdf).




10


Ljubica Nedelkoska and Glenda Quintini. Automation, Skills Use and Training, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper No. 202, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1787/2e2f4eea-en (https://doi.org/10.1787/2e2f4eea-en); Claire Cain Miller. A Darker Theme in Obamas Farewell: Automation Can Divide Us, NewYork Times, January 12, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/upshot/in-obamas-farewell-a-warning-on-automations-perils.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/12/upshot/in-obamas-farewell-a-warning-on-automations-perils.html); Elon Musk. Remarks at the National Governors Association 2017 summer meeting, July 17, 2017.




11


Martha Ross and Nicole Bateman. Meet the Low-Wage Workforce, Brookings, November 7, 2019, https://www.brookings.edu/research/meet-the-low-wage-workforce/ (https://www.brookings.edu/research/meet-the-low-wage-workforce/). The labor force as defined by this study is lower than the typical estimates since it excludes some students, the self-employed, and observations with data quality concerns. For trends toward low-wage employment across developed economies, see OECD Employment Outlook 2019: The Future of Work, https://doi.org/10.1787/9ee00155-en (https://doi.org/10.1787/9ee00155-en).




12


Carl Frey and Michael Osborne. The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 114 (2017): 254280.




13


      Gallup   2019         (     ).        Gallup.




14


Eric J.Chaisson. Cosmic Evolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).




15


Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 20172022, white paper, February 27, 2019, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11741490.html (https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11%E2%80%93741490.html).




16


James Vincent. Teslas New AI Chip Isnt a Silver Bullet for Self-Driving Cars, The Verge, April 24, 2019, https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/24/18514308/tesla-full-self-driving-computer-chip-autonomy-day-specs (https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/24/18514308/tesla-full-self-driving-computer-chip-autonomy-day-specs).




17


      Intel: https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/images/iot/guide-to-iot-infographic.png (https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/images/iot/guide-to-iot-infographic.png);         : https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702808&HistoricalAwards=false (https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID%3d1702808%26HistoricalAwards%3dfalse).




18


Cord-Neverand Cord-CutterHouseholds,20192023, eMarketer report, July 2019.




19


Aaron Pressman. For the First Time, More Americans Pay for Internet VideoThan Cable or Satellite TV, Fortune, March 19, 2019, http://fortune.com/2019/03/19/cord-cutting-record-netflix-deloitte (http://fortune.com/2019/03/19/cord-cutting-record-netflix-deloitte).




20


GM Share Finally on the Upswing, Automotive News, November 27, 2017, http://www.autonews.com/article/20171127/OEM/171129852/gm-share-up-final-assembly (http://www.autonews.com/article/20171127/OEM/171129852/gm-share-up-final-assembly).    2018 2019     GM         2000 2019. Statista, February 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/239607/vehicle-sales-market-share-of-general-motors-in-the-united-states/ (https://www.statista.com/statistics/239607/vehicle-sales-market-share-of-general-motors-in-the-united-states/).




21


Andrew J.Hawkins. GM WillRelease at Least 20 All-ElectricCars by 2023, TheVerge, October 2, 2017, https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/2/16400900/gm-electric-car-hydrogen-fuel-cell-2023 (https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/2/16400900/gm-electric-car-hydrogen-fuel-cell-2023).




22


The Arts and Crafts Consumer-U.S., Mintel Research, January 2016, https://store.mintel.com/the-arts-and-crafts-consumer-us-january-2016 (https://store.mintel.com/the-arts-and-crafts-consumer-us-january-2016).




23


   .          $100.. .




24


Gallup. State of the Global Workforce, 2017.




25


 ..      . .: , 2016.




26


Jim Harter and Amy Adkins. Employees Want a Lot More from Their Managers, Gallup.com, April 8, 2015, https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236570/employees-lot-managers.aspx (https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236570/employees-lot-managers.aspx).




27


Amy Adkins. Only 35% of U. S.ManagersAre Engaged in Their Jobs, Gallup.com, April 2, 2015, http://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/182228/managers-engaged-jobs.aspx (http://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/182228/managers-engaged-jobs.aspx).




28


, .   :    []: 4. .: .    , 2019. . IV. . 542 . .45. Max Weber, in Economy and Society, ed. G.Roth and C.Wittich (Berkeley: Universityof California Press, 1978), 975.




29


 堖     (.).. .




30


Max Weber. Theory of Social and Economic Organization, trans. A. M.Henderson and Talcott Parsons (NewYork: Free Press of Glencoe, 1947), 337.


