  .  Google, Intel        OKR
 


Best Business Practices 
        OKR (Objectives andKeyResults),    젖 Intel Google   .      .

OKR    (Objectives andKeyResults).     ,  . , OKR .   ,     . ,     , OKR   .

   Google Intel   .    OKR AOL, Dropbox, LinkedIn, Oracle, Slack, Spotify Twitter,       , BMW, Disney, Exxon Samsung.

OKR       ,   .           .



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  . Google, Intel      OKR



  Portfolio, animprint ofPenguin Publishing Group, adivision ofPenguin Random House LLC

  



    

   



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               .



2018 byBennett Group, LLC

Allrights reserved including theright ofreproduction inwhole orin part inany form. This edition published byarrangement with Portfolio, animprint ofPenguin Publishing Group, adivision ofPenguin Random HouseLLC.

  , , .  ,  , 2022


* * *


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,        ,    Google.  ,       !      ,    젖    .    OKR[1 -    .   . ..].

, 1999,    ,   ,      ,     Intel.  ,  Intel   ,     ,     . ,    .

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1. Google:   OKR!


 ,  ,   .

 

 1999    L- ,    101    .       Google,     .

      ,     -  -.            堖 $11,8 12% ,    .      Google         ,     .

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蠖  ,    ,  ,   :    .      ,     . , ,       .

  ,      ,   ,   PowerPoint    ⠖     (    ).    Washington Post  , Google       .     , ,  ,   .   , ,   ,  [2 -    .  : iPod,        ,      70%.  堖  ,   .].

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 : Π   ?.     :     ,   Google  $1.   ,   .






     Google  : 232 -, - (1999)



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 .       ,   $10     $100.   Microsoft, IBM Intel.   .     ,  ࠖ  ,  .    ,    .    , , ,    .

Google      Gmail, Android Chrome.      ,   .     [3 -  2001         ,    Sun Microsystems.    .     ,     .].  Google        ,          .     ,        ,   [4 -     Intel 1970- .   ,      Intel, :          .].

      ,  ,     ,   ,   .

,    -   Google 젖    .     1970- ,   Intel,   ,    ( ) ,    ,   - .     Kleiner Perkins,   -,       㠖   .

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  . 堖 .


  1980-     Kleiner  ,      Sun Microsystems.       .   .        ,     .        . , , .    ,    RISC- (堖 ),        .      ,       Google.

,     Intel   Sun     ,  OKR    (Objectives andKeyResults).    ,  . , OKR .   ,     .      , OKR   .

 ,   ,  ,      ,  -     , ,   . -   - (    ), -   -.       OKR:  ,           .

,  , ,  , ,   ,  .   , ,  () .       ,    .

     ,   .      , ,   . ,     (   :   ,     )[5 - Levy, St. Inthe Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, andShapes Our Lives. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2011.      ,    :     .].      ;    ,   .    ,  ,      .       ,  ,     .     ,  ,    (        OKR).

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Р1:   ;

Р2:      OKR Google;

Р3:       OKR.



   ,     OKR.     ,      . 頖   ,     :  Operation Crush,    Intel   (   ).

     ,     ,  . OKR     .     .       ,      .

      ,  .    Google.


* * *

 2009  Harvard Business School    [6 - Ord?ez, L., Schweitzer, M., Galinsky, A., Bazerman, M. Goals Gone Wild: TheSystematic Side Effects ofOverprescribing Goal Setting. Academy ofManagement Perspectives. 2009, February1.].        :   Ford Pinto,     Sears,     Enron,   1996,    . ,  ,  ,      .   :        ,  ,  ,   [7 - Ord?ez, L., Schweitzer, M., Galinsky, A., Bazerman, M. Goals Gone Wild: TheSystematic Side Effects ofOverprescribing Goal Setting. Academy ofManagement Perspectives. 2009, February1.].       ,  ,   .








       .   .    , OKR    ;   蠖     .  . ,    ,  .

 1968,    Intel,      ,     . -,   ,       ,  [8 - Locke, E. Toward aTheory ofTask Motivation andIncentives. Organizational Behavior andHuman Performance. 1968,May.]. -,       ,   .

        ,          [9 - TheQuantified Serf. TheEconomist. 2015, March7.].      ,   ,    .

   Gallup     .      ,      [10 - Mann, A., Harter, J. TheWorldwide Employee Engagement Crisis. gallup.com (http://gallup.com/). 2016, January7.    13%   .  ,  Deloitte,  ;      .].     ,       ,     20%  .       ,        [11 - Dice Tech Salary Survey, 2014 / http://marketing.dice.om/pdf/Dice_TechSalarySurvey_2015.pdf (http://www.datascienceassn.org/sites/default/files/Dice%20Tech%20Salary%20Survey%202014.pdf).].

   ,  ;    .    ,     [12 - Mann, A., Darby, R. Should Managers Focus onPerformance orEngagement? Gallup Business Journal. 2014, August5.].  Deloitte,     , -      ,       [13 - Global Human Capital Trends 2014. Deloitte University Press.].

  ?   Deloitte ,      , ꠫ ,        ,   [14 - Becoming Irresistible: ANewModel forEmployee Engagement. Deloitte Review, Issue 16. 2015, January26.].

堖 :     ,  ,  ,  ,  [15 - Amabile, T., Kramer, St. TheProgress Principle: Using Small Wins toIgnite Joy, Engagement, andCreativity atWork Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2011.].    蠖  OKR     .        .      , , . ,    .     ,   .

    ,      [16 - Ord?ez, L., Schweitzer, M., Galinsky, A., Bazerman, M. Goals Gone Wild: TheSystematic Side Effects ofOverprescribing Goal Setting. Academy ofManagement Perspectives. 2009, February1.].       ,  .

    ,   .  ,     OKR,       .  :   -  . Ӡ  ,     .   Google OKR  ;    ,      Google. OKR  ,      ,     [17 -   ,   Google  . Google,   OKR:  .]. OKR   ,      , , . OKR          .


* * *

        ,  :   ,    [18 -     Google     ,  - ,       .].      堖 , -        Google.   , OKR          .

  ,        Google,   ,   -     OKR.      :  Google    .    .       ,  [19 - Levy, St. Inthe Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, andShapes Our Lives. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2011.].       OKR:    .


* * *

     OKR.   ꠫ Google Intel     OKR,         . OKR    :     .      ,     ࠖ   ( ,     ,   OKR   AOL, Dropbox, LinkedIn, Oracle, Slack, Spotify Twitter).           : Anheuser-Busch, BMW, Disney, Exxon, Samsung.      .     ,   ,  .    ,      .

  ,   ,     , OKR  .        ,    ,   .       :     ,   ,     ,     .  ,    OKR   .   :    ( )   ?     .

    OKR   .        ,     .   ,      ,        .

    .      ,  , OKR   ,    ,   ,  .   ,   ,       ,     ,  OKR      .


* * *

, ,  ,  Intel,  OKR  , Google.    ,     , ,    .       .    ,  ,     .   Google   .      .

       Google[20 - , .,  .  Google. .: , 2018.], OKR   ,         [21 - Schmidt, E., Rosenberg, J. How Google Works. NY: Grand Central Publishing, 2014.].    Google         OKR    (   ,   蠖          ).             .

,       -  -, OKR     Google.               OKR    . ,    . OKR  ,   ,      : Search, Chrome, Android, Maps, YouTube, Google Play Gmail.  2008  OKR     Code Yellow  ꠖ   Google,     [22 - Levy, St. Inthe Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, andShapes Our Lives. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2011.]. OKR      20% ,       .

    ,          .    Google    ࠫ  (      Google,    )[23 - Schmidt, E., Rosenberg, J. How Google Works. NY: Grand Central Publishing, 2014.].    ,    ,  ,     ,   -,     . OKR      .

  2018,     ,  Google           .               OKR.   2019,     ,        OKR  [24 -  Google   OKR,   ,   .    ,     .          ,      ()        .    Alphabet   ,  OKR     . Ƞ     OKR .].         OKR  ,    .

       , ,      OKR. ,      ,     .       ( ) ,     Google.

        .      - Alphabet  $700,        .  2017    Google      Fortune[25 - Fortune, 2017, March15.].       ,     ,    .  OKR    .     Googleplex (- ) ; ,    .

 ,     ,    .  , , ,  OKR    .

   - OKR,             ,  .     ,         .              .  ࠖ    whatmatters.com (http://whatmatters.com/)    , ,   . ,    .  ,  ,     .

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   .  ,   ,   , ,  蠖     . ,   OKR,     .   ,  .  堖   .

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* * *

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2.  OKR


       .

 

   1975,   ,    .       ,  ,  .         .     ,    , .    , -  - 렖   [26 -   PDP-11   - .].            ,     Burroughs,  砫 ,  IBM[27 -  1960-  Burroughs         IBM, Honeywell, NCR Corporation, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, RCA UNIVAC ( Remington Rand,  Sperry Rand,   Sperry).   Burroughs   ,  IBM.  IBM   65%       ,      IBM   (.IBM andthe Seven Dwarfs). ..]. Ƞ   .

 ,        ,   .        ,  ,    -, Intel.      Intel,     ,  ,   .   ,     ,    .

- -        ,     .       , ,  ,    . ʠ       蠖    .        ,     .   ,    (      ).

   ,  : ,   - .      ꠖ  .       -;         .     ,  ,    .  ,    ,        Intel,     .    ,    ,   ࠖ    :       .  ,     (),   ,  ,       , Wagon Wheel,      (  ,   ;    ).

Ƞ   ,  ,         , ,      .   ,    ,    .                     .   ,     , Intel    40% .

Intel      .   ,    [28 -  ,               -.].     ,  ,      Intel ,   (iOPEC)     .     .

     ,  [29 -      ,     ,      .       ,     www.whatmatters.com (http://www.whatmatters.com/).].      Intel:       ,     ,   ,   蠫  [30 -     : www.whatmatters.com/grove (http://www.whatmatters.com/grove).].   ,        .






  (1983)



   ,     .    Fairchild,           . Fairchild    ,      :   .

   ,  .    ,   . Ƞ    .   ,       .  Intel     ;   ,   . ,         ,   .     : Intel   .

 ,   . ,   ,   ,    .         .     ,   .      ,    1971,  Intel    .      .   .

       OKR[31 -     ,     .].



,  ࠖ   .   :         .  .    .    :      8085   ,  .   

    .            :    ? ? ?.  . Ƞ .

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 MBO-

  XX                  .  ,      [32 -   ,       ,       .     (1926)  ,             . ,     ,    .].  ,  ,  砫  ,     , ,        [33 - Taylor, F. ThePrinciples ofScientific Management. NY London: Harper & Brothers, 1911.].  ,  ,   :  ,   , ,    [34 - Grove, A. High Output Management. NY: Random House, 1983.].

    , , ꠖ   ࠖ   .     ,     . ,  ,   ,    ,     .  ,  ,      .          ,        .

    ,             ,        [35 - Drucker, P. ThePractice ofManagement. NY: Harper & Row, 1954.].      :      ,     .  1954       [36 - , .  . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=9312028).: ,  , 2015.]      .     OKR  .

 1960-   , MBO,  ,    .     Hewlett-Packard,  MBO     HP[37 -  Hewlett-Packard ,       ,  .       Hewlett-Packard. ..].           .  .    ,    MBO    56%  6%   [38 - Rodgers, R., Hunter, J. Impact ofManagement byObjectives onOrganizational Productivity. Journal ofthe American Psychological Association. 1991, April.].

   MBO  .         .    -   ;         (KPI),   .  ,  MBO   .     ,  ? ʠ 1990-    .    .  , MBO    , ࠫ   [39 - Management byObjectives. TheEconomist. 2009, October21.].


 

         ꠫ , ,   .    ,     [40 - Grove, A. High Output Management. NY: Random House, 1983.],  ,     :     ,         .        .     ,   ,   .     :      ? Ƞ  ,    ?

    .   ,     ,      .          ,      ,    ,      .    ,      .  Intel     [41 - Grove, A. iOPEC seminar, 1978.   :  栖  .]   , ,    , ,  . ,    ,  .    ,   ,   .

Intel      .   ,      iMBO (Intel Management byObjectives). , ,     MBO.     ,      ( ).   ,      OKR      .       .



1. MBO  OKR






ʠ1975,    Intel,  OKR    .         OKR.      iOPEC       .     8080,   Intel   ,   .    ,        .

 OKR  Intel  ,      :







  Intel

,   OKR IBM Selectric (        )   ,     .    ,      ,  ,     ,  .    , . ,   , .          ,  ,     : OKR    ,      .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/dzhon-dorr/izmeryayte-samoe-vazhnoe-kak-google-intel-i-drugie-kompanii-dob-39473693/chitat-onlayn/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


   .   . ..




2


   .  : iPod,        ,      70%.  堖  ,   .




3


 2001         ,    Sun Microsystems.    .     ,     .




4


    Intel 1970- .   ,      Intel, :          .




5


Levy, St. Inthe Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, andShapes Our Lives. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2011.      ,    :     .




6


Ord?ez, L., Schweitzer, M., Galinsky, A., Bazerman, M. Goals Gone Wild: TheSystematic Side Effects ofOverprescribing Goal Setting. Academy ofManagement Perspectives. 2009, February1.




7


Ord?ez, L., Schweitzer, M., Galinsky, A., Bazerman, M. Goals Gone Wild: TheSystematic Side Effects ofOverprescribing Goal Setting. Academy ofManagement Perspectives. 2009, February1.




8


Locke, E. Toward aTheory ofTask Motivation andIncentives. Organizational Behavior andHuman Performance. 1968,May.




9


TheQuantified Serf. TheEconomist. 2015, March7.




10


Mann, A., Harter, J. TheWorldwide Employee Engagement Crisis. gallup.com (http://gallup.com/). 2016, January7.    13%   .  ,  Deloitte,  ;      .




11


Dice Tech Salary Survey, 2014 / http://marketing.dice.om/pdf/Dice_TechSalarySurvey_2015.pdf (http://www.datascienceassn.org/sites/default/files/Dice%20Tech%20Salary%20Survey%202014.pdf).




12


Mann, A., Darby, R. Should Managers Focus onPerformance orEngagement? Gallup Business Journal. 2014, August5.




13


Global Human Capital Trends 2014. Deloitte University Press.




14


Becoming Irresistible: ANewModel forEmployee Engagement. Deloitte Review, Issue 16. 2015, January26.




15


Amabile, T., Kramer, St. TheProgress Principle: Using Small Wins toIgnite Joy, Engagement, andCreativity atWork Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2011.




16


Ord?ez, L., Schweitzer, M., Galinsky, A., Bazerman, M. Goals Gone Wild: TheSystematic Side Effects ofOverprescribing Goal Setting. Academy ofManagement Perspectives. 2009, February1.




17


  ,   Google  . Google,   OKR:  .




18


    Google     ,  - ,       .




19


Levy, St. Inthe Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, andShapes Our Lives. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2011.




20


, .,  .  Google. .: , 2018.




21


Schmidt, E., Rosenberg, J. How Google Works. NY: Grand Central Publishing, 2014.




22


Levy, St. Inthe Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, andShapes Our Lives. NY: Simon & Schuster, 2011.




23


Schmidt, E., Rosenberg, J. How Google Works. NY: Grand Central Publishing, 2014.




24


 Google   OKR,   ,   .    ,     .          ,      ()        .    Alphabet   ,  OKR     . Ƞ     OKR .




25


Fortune, 2017, March15.




26


  PDP-11   - .




27


 1960-  Burroughs         IBM, Honeywell, NCR Corporation, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, RCA UNIVAC ( Remington Rand,  Sperry Rand,   Sperry).   Burroughs   ,  IBM.  IBM   65%       ,      IBM   (.IBM andthe Seven Dwarfs). ..




28


 ,               -.




29


     ,     ,      .       ,     www.whatmatters.com (http://www.whatmatters.com/).




30


    : www.whatmatters.com/grove (http://www.whatmatters.com/grove).




31


    ,     .




32


  ,       ,       .     (1926)  ,             . ,     ,    .




33


Taylor, F. ThePrinciples ofScientific Management. NY London: Harper & Brothers, 1911.




34


Grove, A. High Output Management. NY: Random House, 1983.




35


Drucker, P. ThePractice ofManagement. NY: Harper & Row, 1954.




36


, .  . (http://litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=9312028).: ,  , 2015.




37


 Hewlett-Packard ,       ,  .       Hewlett-Packard. ..




38


Rodgers, R., Hunter, J. Impact ofManagement byObjectives onOrganizational Productivity. Journal ofthe American Psychological Association. 1991, April.




39


Management byObjectives. TheEconomist. 2009, October21.




40


Grove, A. High Output Management. NY: Random House, 1983.




41


Grove, A. iOPEC seminar, 1978.   :  栖  .


