  . , , 
 


 
        1990- ,         .    ,        .       ;   ࠖ       .         ?       ? ,  ,      ?     ,       - .  蠖          (.  ).





 

 . , , 


  








          ( )  ,      .                   .        ,       ,        .             (     )   ,    .               .    Northwestern University Press:   ,   (  ,  Northwestern University Press) ,    ,       ,   ,       .   ,   , ,    ,   ,   .      ,       .


* * *

      ,        .           ,     .



Alternative Historical Imagination inViktor Pelevin // Slavic andEastern European Journal. 2018. 62. 3. P.483502.     .

From Homo Soveticus toHomo Zapiens: Viktor Pelevins Consumer Dystopia // TheRussian Review. 2008. 67. 4. P.559579.    John Wiley & Sons.

Incarceration, Alibi, Escape? Victor Pelevins Art ofIrony // Russian Literature. 2014. 76. 4. P.381406.    Elsevier.

TheMonstrous Aggregate ofthe Social: Toward Biopolitics inVictor Pelevins Work // Slavic andEastern European Journal. 2011. 55. 3. P.439459.     .

One Billion Years after theEnd ofthe World: Historical Deadlock, Contemporary Dystopia, andthe Continuing Legacy ofthe Strugatskii Brothers // Slavic Review. 2013. 72. 2. P.267286.    Cambridge University Press.





.   



    ?

 .     ,   .

 . Empire V

      ,      .   ,  1990-      ,       .      - ,         ,       .     -  , ,  ,        ,          .         ,      .         [1 -        ,  堖  1990- :  .,  .,  .    . .: , 2008.        젖    .     :  .,  .   . .: ,  , 2012.].

    ,   ,      -.              ,        ꠫ , , .  ,      ,  ,  ꠫  (1996) 蠫Generation ϓ (1999).        ,        .

  :     ,    ,     .       .      ,       .    ,        ,        (   ).  ,    ,   ,        , , ,    .

                     .  ,           ,        .     ,       ,    .

  ,     ,       .      ,   ,    ,    .   ,      ,      .         ,      ,     .      ,        ,    .

   蠖   ()  .          ,       . ,    ,    ,    :  ,    .       (   ,    )       [2 -   ( , )     .]. Ѡ1990-        ,   . Ѡ    ,      ,   ,  ,   .

 Generation ϓ,   ,    ,   ,      [3 -  . Generation ϻ. .: , 1999. .110.].        ,   ,         .    ,   ,   .      ,   - .       .

 ,           .     ,   ,   ,   ,       .       .     ,  , ,  , ,  ,    ,           .

   ,           ,   .     ,        .    ,   ,      ,     . ,  ,  ,    .

  ,     , ,    ,         .       ,    .        ,    ,    .    ,     : ,   , ,  ,  ,    ,  .            ,    .

  ,       ࠖ ,  ,     , ,        .    , ,    ,   ( )         (,  )    .

    , ,   ,    ,           (), ,     ().     . . , , , .        ,    .  ,      .      ,   ,      .         ,     ,    .      ,  ⠫   .  ,   ,     .       1990-,   2000-   ,    ,    () .        ,    ,    .

 ,       ,    ?   ,   ,  ,   ,     .      X,      , ,     .       ,         .       .

       .      ,     1984 (1948).   ,        ,     砫   (1880).    ,             ,         .      ,   (  )      ,  .

     ,      ,   ,  ࠖ         ,    [4 -   (,  )  S. N.U. F. F.  ,       .         ⠫Generation ϓ.    (, ꠫ )     (,     ).].           ,     ,       ,      .   ,   ,     .            .

     :       (Archaeologies ofthe Future: TheDesire Called Utopia andOther Science Fictions, 2005),       , , ,      [5 - Jameson F. Archaeologies ofthe Future: TheDesire Called Utopia andOther Science Fictions. NewYork: Verso, 2005. P.82.]. Ѡ   .  ,      , - , , ,    .    ,       ࠖ ,    ,      .

        ,       .     ,    ,           . ,     ,     頖         .         .  ,            .

     :  ,  , 頖      .   1980-  1990-     ,          ,          ,    .       .  -  X,  ,   ( ),    ,        ,   ( ,  )  (,  ),  ,    .         .

      ,     ,     .      ⠫廠 ,       ,    , ꠫ ,    .     ,   ,     ࠖ      ,   .




 


    ()  ,          ,    , - .    ,        .    -,      ,      .       ,     ,      .

        ,    .      ,     ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .        ,         .

 ,         ,   ,       ,    , 蠫,   , , ,     .        .     ⠫ , ,     ,    . Ƞ, ,   Narrative 蠫  ,     ,   .        ,          .

 ,    ,    ,     ,       ,   .  ,     -   - ,    ,  ,     .        , ,       ,   ?    :   ,   ,       -  ?

  , , -: ,    ,    ,     .      ,   ,   .  ,   ,    - . ,      ( ),    ,  ,       (  ).   , ,    ,     .   ࠖ    ,  ,  -  .

-,        .   ,     ,            . ,  ,    ,       ,           .      -,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .

-,        ,     ,      .      ,     ,   .      ( )   ,        ,      ,      ,     ,  . Ѡ  , ,  ,     ,        蠫   , , ,   ;         (, )   .

      ,       ,  蠖   .   -     ,         ,     . ,  ,     ,       .        ,    (    ,  , ),     ࠖ  [6 -       . .   (1842),    :  ,    ?  :   .  ,       . .: . .   :  14. .; .: - ͠, 19371952. .3. . .143144.].

   -    ,    ,     ,     .        ,  .  ,      ,  , , ,    . Ӡ    ,    ,    .   ,  ,     ( ),  ,   .

       ,        (, )     ,       . ,    ,     (   )           ,    ,      ,    ,      .

      ,  , (),  ,     .   ,        .      : -, , , , , , ,   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,    .       .         ( ).          蠖     .

    ,       ( , , ).     ,       .      (, , ),       ,  .      ;           ,  .            .   ࠖ            .




 


     ,    ,   ,  ꠫      (DasKunstwerk imZeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit, 1936)   蠫  (Larebelin de las masas, 1932)  --,       ( ,  ,  )   X,   ,  ,    .       (  )    ,  , , , , ,  .    ,   .


 

   :      (One-Dimensional Man: Studies inthe Ideology ofAdvanced Industrial Society, 1964) 蠫   (Repressive Tolerance, 1965)   ,           ,     , ࠖ           ,     .   ,  ,   ,      [7 -  .   / .. . .: REFL-book, 2004.].     .           .       ,   .

 ,      , ࠖ .     ,       ,   ,     :



     ,  ,           [8 -  .  . .120.].


     , ,  ,      () ,  . . ,  () [9 - . .120121.]. ,    ,   ,   , ,   ,     ,    .       (,  ).    ,     () .         ,   ,  ,   ,     ,    [10 - . .111112.]. 



  ,       ,  ,         ,     ()[11 - . .113.].


        ,  ,      .      ,   .      ,  ,     ,     , .      ,   .  , ꠫, ,  蠫,      ,     ,    ,    .

      ,        ,     .     ,      .     ,    .   ,  ,   .     ,    ,    ,    .

      ,       ,   . ,  ,  ,  , ,  ,   ,   .     (   ,  ,   )   ,           [12 -  .   //  .   :      / .. . .: ACT: , 2011. .101.].            , ,  ,   ,    [13 -    (1967)        ,        ,    .        ,       .].

  , 1960-    ,    X,      ,        ,     (Postmodernism, or, TheCultural Logic ofLate Capitalism, 1991) 蠫  (TheCultural Turn, 1998),         - [14 - .    :  .   / .. . http://www.bibikhin.ru/vopros_o_tekhnike ( : 06.05.2022).      ,    ,   .     ,   ,       ,        ,  ,    .    ,  ,       - . .: .    / .. . .:  , 1999; Zizek S. TheAmbiguity ofthe Masochist Social Link // Perversion andthe Social Relation / Ed. M. A. Rothenberg, S. Zizek. Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press, 2003. P.112125.].     (Lacondition postmoderne, 1984)    ,      :



    ,    ,    ,   ,       ,   [15 -  .-.   / .. . . .: -  ; .: , 1998.].


    .      :   (  ),   ( )  .  蠖  ,    ,  ,    ,  [16 - . .108. Π   ,    , .:Sloterdijk P. Critique ofCynical Reason. Theory andHistory ofLiterature / Ed. W. Godzich, J. Schulte-Sasse. Vol.40. Minneapolis: University ofMinnesota Press, 1988.].


 

         ,   .     (Simulacra et simulation, 1981)  ,      ,     .       (    ,   ),      ,    ,  ,   [17 -  .   / .. . .: , 2015. .12.].     : ()    ; ()    ; ()     ; ()              .

      (Laguerre du Golfe na pas eu lieu, 1991),      頖     ,  ,      .             [18 -  .    //  .  .    / .. . .:  , 2016. .70.].        ,   -,   .     [19 - Baudrillard J. TheIllusion ofthe End. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994. P.5.].

             ( )  .    ,      ,      - [20 - Ibid. P.45.].  蠖 ,      , 젖  ,     ,    [21 - Ibid.].

   .    (Lasocit de consommation: ses mythes et ses structures, 1970)  ,      .         .     ,  .     ,      :



        ,     : ,   , .


    ,     [22 -  .  .    / .. . . .: ;  , 2006. .101.   -       ,   ,     .    ,  ,     .].      ,   ,     ,      .

    (change symbolique et lamort, 1976)     : ,        , ,    .       ,         .      :  ,  ,  [23 -  .    / .. . . .: , 2000. .96.     ,    (1957).].  ,   , ,         .

,   ,   .    (Lillusion de lafin, 1992)  : ,         [24 - Baudrillard J. TheIllusion ofthe End. P.4.]. ,    ,   ,   ;   ,   :      [25 - Baudrillard J. TheJean Baudrillard Reader. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 2008. P.126.].      ,  :     , ,      ,     [26 - Baudrillard J. Hystericizing theMillennium // CT Theory. October5, 1994. P.1.].


, 

        ,      (),    , ,  .       蠖   ,           ,  ,   19751979   .       :    (Les Mots et les Choses. Une archologie dessciences humaines, 1966)    ,      .   :   (Surveiller et punir: Naissance de laprison, 1975),  ,    ,  ,     ,  [27 - ,     ,      1990- , 젖 20052007, 젖  2000-. .    : Binkley S. AFoucault forthe 21st Century: Governmentality, Biopolitics andDiscipline inthe New Millennium / Ed. S. Binkley, J. Capetillo. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.    - (,  )     ,    .].

           ,     ,         :  ,   ,       ,    ,   ,    . ѠXVIII ,          :       [28 -  . , , :  ,     19771978   / .. . , . . , . . . .: , 2011. .13.].      ,     .  蠖      ,   ,   , ,  [29 -  .   :  ,     19751976   / .. . . .: , 2005. .256.].


 

       .      :



     ,  ꠖ    , ,    ,     ,   ,     [30 -  .  :    / .. . , . . . .: A-cad, 1994. .36.].


 ,      ,     ,  [31 - . .403.].   ,        , ,     ,  ,    [32 - .  ,    : Hayles N. K. How We Become Posthuman: Virtual Bodies inCybernetics, Literature, andInformatics. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1999; Haraway D. Simians, Cyborgs, andWomen: TheReinvention ofNature. London: Free Association Books, 1991; Wolfe C. Animal Rites: American Culture, theDiscourse ofSpecies, andPosthumanist Theory. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2003.].

      젖  ,    .    ,  :   (LInhumain. Causeries sur letemps, 1991)   ,     :



     ,     ,   ( )?  ( )    ,    ?[33 - Lyotard J.-F. TheInhuman: Reflections onTime. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991. P.2.]


   :



   ,    ? Ƞ   ,  ,       ,     ,   ?[34 - Ibid. P.7.]


      ? (TheEnd ofHistory?, 1989) 蠫    (TheEnd ofHistory andthe Last Man, 1992),  ,        ,      [35 -            ?.].     :    (Our Posthuman Future: Consequences ofthe Biotechnology Revolution, 2002)  ,          .   蠖 ,



   ,    ,   ,          ꠫  [36 -  .   :    / .. . . .: ,  ѻ, 2004. .18.].


 ,         ,  ,  ,   ,          [37 - . .19.].       ( ):  



,  , , ,    ,      ,     . Ӡ   ,    [38 -  .   . .16.].


       ,   ,     ,  ,   ? ,   ,   ,   , 



     ,     ,          [39 - Davies T. Humanism. London: Routledge, 1997. P.131132.   : ,      ,     ,        (Gomel E. Science Fiction, Alien Encounters, andthe Ethics ofPosthumanism: Beyond theGolden Rule. NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. P.21).].



 

       :       .  , ,   ,    :



  []   ,  ,      ,         [40 -  .  . .110.].


     ,   (  ),     .      () ,   .   () ,       .       ,          .     ,  , ,    ,  () [41 - Marcuse H. Repressive Tolerance // ACritique ofPure Tolerance / Ed. R. P. Wolff, B. Moore, Jr., H. Marcuse. Boston: Beacon, 1969. P.107.].

        .       (Fight Club, 1999)    ,         ,     .    ,   , 堖     ⠖  ,    .    ,     [42 - Zizek S. TheSublime Object ofIdeology (Phronesis). London: Verso, 1989. P.300; . Kristeva J. Contre ladpression nationale. Paris: Textuel, 1998; Kristeva J. Europhilia, Europhobia // French Theory inAmerica / Ed. S. Lotringer, S. Cohen. NewYork: Routledge, 2001. P.321332; Kristeva J. Sens et non-sens de larvolte. Paris: Fayard, 1996.].

    ,     Homo economicus ,     .    Homo thymoticus ( ) ,     :  ,            ;   , ,       ,    [43 - Fukuyama F. TheEnd ofHistory andthe Last Man. NewYork: Free Press, 1992. P.80.]. ,     .


 

   ,  ,   蠖      .  ,    ,         .      (Probleme derMoralphilosophie, 1967)   ,        .    ,     , 



   ,  ,  ,     ,      - [44 -  .    / .. . . .: , 2000. .112.].


   ,  ,      -    ,  ,         ,     .      ,    ,   .         ,   .    ,    ,      . ,  ,     ,  젖   ,     蠖    :



       ,  ;       ,     .      , ,  ;   ,   .      ,      

    ,       ,  ,  .              ,    [45 -  .  . .105; 113114.].


      .     ࠖ      ,     .   蠖  ,   ,      .  ,       -     ,   .

     (   ),         ,    .            .      蠖   ,     ( ).  ,  ,      ,      .




 ()


       (),  .    :     (Another Freedom: TheAlternative History ofan Idea, 2010)      堖  ,  ,   蠫  堖 ,   ,   .     . .   (1836),         ,  1835.      ,     , , ,  ,  ,    ࠖ      [46 - Boym S. Another Freedom: TheAlternative History ofan Idea. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2010. P.84.].

 , -               ,  :



      ,       .      ,  ,       .                 .         .    ,    ,  ,    .   , ,       ,   ,   ,  ,     [47 -  .  :     / .. . .:   , 2021. .217.].


,   ,  .

,         , ,  ,    頖      .       :   堖       (),    (),  ,  ,   ,    ?     :   ,  ,       .    , ,  ,    ,      ,     ,   ,   .

Ƞ        ,     [48 -  .  . ., 2010..].          ,   ()  :    ,      ,    [49 -  .     / .. . .:   , 2002. .9.].      ?  .     ,   [50 -  . Empire V /  V:   . .: , 2006. .320.].      ,    .   ,     ,   ,  [51 -    (2005)  ꠫ .].      .

,   , :    ,    ,  [52 - TheJean Baudrillard Reader. P.156157.].  :      ,   ,    ,         [53 - Baudrillard J. TheIllusion ofthe End. P.5.]. ,         (    ).    砫  (1864):   ,  ,     ,       ,      , [54 -  . .   //  . .  :  15. .: , 1989. .4. .468469.].   ࠖ  ,  ,        :    , ,  ,   [55 -  . Empire V. .323.].       ,   .        .




 


      ,     Generation ϓ     ,   ,     .           ,        ,       .    :   (12),  (34),  (56),   (78).       ,      ,     .

  ,  ,  Generation ϓ    .  ,      ,     Π   (Brave New World, 1932),      ,      ,    .              X,       ,   ,       .           ,        .  , ꠫Generation ϓ     (   ):  ,          .

 ,  ,       .       :  ,   ,   ,    .     ࠫGeneration ϓ   ,         ,    , ,      .  ,             .     ,  ,         .        . - ,  ,    ,         ,     .   ⠫Generation ϓ,  ,     ,  .

 ,  ,     1990-  2000- ,    . ,    ,    .        .  ,   ,  ,   ,      .       ,    (1993), Generation ϓ,      (2003),    (2004) Empire V (2006).       : 蠖 堖 ࠖ   ( ) [56 -        .].      :  , ,      .

  ,    ?,          (,  ):   (1991)   (2005)   2000-  ꠫    (2010) S. N. U. F. F. (2011).   蠖  (  /)  (  )           . ,   頖         .  ,      , ,   ,  ,  ,    . Ѡ  ,      ,     .

  , , ,           蠖   (1990) S. N. U. F. F.   ,   ,         .              ,    ,  ,   ,  .         ,  ,   ,    .     ,     ,    ,      .            .    ,       .      , ,      .

  ,   ,        ࠖ     ,    ,  ,   ,       .    ,       ,     ,        .     (1991),    ,    .    ,       ,            ,  ,   ;       .     (2014)          .              .          ,     ,     .

  ,  ,  ,     ,      .  ,    ,   ,         .       XIX   ,          ,  .     ,      ,     .      , (),        .     ,    ,        .

       ,      .    ,  (  )    蠖    ,     .     ,    .      , ,     ,  ,  .          ,   ,   ,        .             , ,   頖   ,     ,       ,  .

 ,   ,  , ,      ,   :         ,     .           ࠖ   蠫Generation ϓ   , Empire V, T (2009) S. N. U. F. F.    젖       ,    ,     ,         ,   ,   ,         .

   ,  ,  ,   ,      .         .     :   ,         , ,   ,     ,       .     ,   , ,     ,  ,  ,    ,   .    ,          , ,      .                 頖   ,   ,   .        ,      .

,  ,   ,        堖  ,    ,  ,    ,     .        ,       ,    ?       ?            - .        ,     -  .     ,      ,     .

           .  ,       ,     .     ,        ( )  ?         堖      .




I.  





 .  



  .    : , , ,     , ,    ,  .    , .

Ƞ ,   

. . .  ,  

Generation ϓ (1999)  ,       ,     .   1980-,   ,          .         .     ,     ,     ,   ,      .   ,       (, ,  ,    )    (  ),         .       .

Generation ϓ       [57 -       :  .     //  . 1999. 8. http://pelevin.nov.ru/stati/o-ir/1.html ( : 06.06.2022).].  ,   ,        (1992)       (1991),      ,   ,  Generation ϓ      ,       -.     ,          ,          ,       .    ꠫     .

 Generation ϓ       ,     ,      ,        ,  ,    ,  ,  ,  ,   .  ,   ,             , ,       ,      ,     ,   [58 -    ,     ,    (2002)  ,  (2006)  , 2017 (2006)   蠫less (2006)  .].




   


     :    ;   /  ;   () ;   ,  /,  ,   ,   ,  [59 - Π  .:Kumar K. Utopia andAnti-Utopia inModern Times. Oxford: Blackwell, 1987; Booker K. Dystopian Literature: ATheory andResearch Guide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1994.].

     X, 1984           ,     Π      ,   蠫  [60 -  .  . https://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/Freid/ned_kult.php ( : 06.06.2022).] ⠫ [61 -          (TheTempest).   . : Π! /   ! /  ! Ƞ  /   ,    !].  ,    ,   (19201921)       ,     .     ,  ,    ,   ,     .      [62 - Aldous Huxley, 18941963: AMemorial Volume / Ed. J. Huxley. London: Harper & Row Publishers, 1965. P.72.].

 Generation ϓ ,     ,      ,  ,   ,      .           .         .         ,   ,            . ʠ           .          .     :   ,   ,  -    .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=69351931)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes



1


       ,  堖  1990- :  .,  .,  .    . .: , 2008.        젖    .     :  .,  .   . .: ,  , 2012.




2


  ( , )     .




3


 . Generation ϻ. .: , 1999. .110.




4


  (,  )  S. N.U. F. F.  ,       .         ⠫Generation ϓ.    (, ꠫ )     (,     ).




5


Jameson F. Archaeologies ofthe Future: TheDesire Called Utopia andOther Science Fictions. NewYork: Verso, 2005. P.82.




6


      . .   (1842),    :  ,    ?  :   .  ,       . .: . .   :  14. .; .: - ͠, 19371952. .3. . .143144.




7


 .   / .. . .: REFL-book, 2004.




8


 .  . .120.




9


. .120121.




10


. .111112.




11


. .113.




12


 .   //  .   :      / .. . .: ACT: , 2011. .101.




13


   (1967)        ,        ,    .        ,       .




14


.    :  .   / .. . http://www.bibikhin.ru/vopros_o_tekhnike ( : 06.05.2022).      ,    ,   .     ,   ,       ,        ,  ,    .    ,  ,       - . .: .    / .. . .:  , 1999; Zizek S. TheAmbiguity ofthe Masochist Social Link // Perversion andthe Social Relation / Ed. M. A. Rothenberg, S. Zizek. Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press, 2003. P.112125.




15


 .-.   / .. . . .: -  ; .: , 1998.




16


. .108. Π   ,    , .:Sloterdijk P. Critique ofCynical Reason. Theory andHistory ofLiterature / Ed. W. Godzich, J. Schulte-Sasse. Vol.40. Minneapolis: University ofMinnesota Press, 1988.




17


 .   / .. . .: , 2015. .12.




18


 .    //  .  .    / .. . .:  , 2016. .70.




19


Baudrillard J. TheIllusion ofthe End. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994. P.5.




20


Ibid. P.45.




21


Ibid.




22


 .  .    / .. . . .: ;  , 2006. .101.   -       ,   ,     .    ,  ,     .




23


 .    / .. . . .: , 2000. .96.     ,    (1957).




24


Baudrillard J. TheIllusion ofthe End. P.4.




25


Baudrillard J. TheJean Baudrillard Reader. NewYork: Columbia University Press, 2008. P.126.




26


Baudrillard J. Hystericizing theMillennium // CT Theory. October5, 1994. P.1.




27


,     ,      1990- , 젖 20052007, 젖  2000-. .    : Binkley S. AFoucault forthe 21st Century: Governmentality, Biopolitics andDiscipline inthe New Millennium / Ed. S. Binkley, J. Capetillo. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.    - (,  )     ,    .




28


 . , , :  ,     19771978   / .. . , . . , . . . .: , 2011. .13.




29


 .   :  ,     19751976   / .. . . .: , 2005. .256.




30


 .  :    / .. . , . . . .: A-cad, 1994. .36.




31


. .403.




32


.  ,    : Hayles N. K. How We Become Posthuman: Virtual Bodies inCybernetics, Literature, andInformatics. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1999; Haraway D. Simians, Cyborgs, andWomen: TheReinvention ofNature. London: Free Association Books, 1991; Wolfe C. Animal Rites: American Culture, theDiscourse ofSpecies, andPosthumanist Theory. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2003.




33


Lyotard J.-F. TheInhuman: Reflections onTime. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991. P.2.




34


Ibid. P.7.




35


           ?.




36


 .   :    / .. . . .: ,  ѻ, 2004. .18.




37


. .19.




38


 .   . .16.




39


Davies T. Humanism. London: Routledge, 1997. P.131132.   : ,      ,     ,        (Gomel E. Science Fiction, Alien Encounters, andthe Ethics ofPosthumanism: Beyond theGolden Rule. NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. P.21).




40


 .  . .110.




41


Marcuse H. Repressive Tolerance // ACritique ofPure Tolerance / Ed. R. P. Wolff, B. Moore, Jr., H. Marcuse. Boston: Beacon, 1969. P.107.




42


Zizek S. TheSublime Object ofIdeology (Phronesis). London: Verso, 1989. P.300; . Kristeva J. Contre ladpression nationale. Paris: Textuel, 1998; Kristeva J. Europhilia, Europhobia // French Theory inAmerica / Ed. S. Lotringer, S. Cohen. NewYork: Routledge, 2001. P.321332; Kristeva J. Sens et non-sens de larvolte. Paris: Fayard, 1996.




43


Fukuyama F. TheEnd ofHistory andthe Last Man. NewYork: Free Press, 1992. P.80.




44


 .    / .. . . .: , 2000. .112.




45


 .  . .105; 113114.




46


Boym S. Another Freedom: TheAlternative History ofan Idea. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2010. P.84.




47


 .  :     / .. . .:   , 2021. .217.




48


 .  . ., 2010..




49


 .     / .. . .:   , 2002. .9.




50


 . Empire V /  V:   . .: , 2006. .320.




51


   (2005)  ꠫ .




52


TheJean Baudrillard Reader. P.156157.




53


Baudrillard J. TheIllusion ofthe End. P.5.




54


 . .   //  . .  :  15. .: , 1989. .4. .468469.




55


 . Empire V. .323.




56


       .




57


      :  .     //  . 1999. 8. http://pelevin.nov.ru/stati/o-ir/1.html ( : 06.06.2022).




58


   ,     ,    (2002)  ,  (2006)  , 2017 (2006)   蠫less (2006)  .




59


Π  .:Kumar K. Utopia andAnti-Utopia inModern Times. Oxford: Blackwell, 1987; Booker K. Dystopian Literature: ATheory andResearch Guide. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1994.




60


 .  . https://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Psihol/Freid/ned_kult.php ( : 06.06.2022).




61


         (TheTempest).   . : Π! /   ! /  ! Ƞ  /   ,    !




62


Aldous Huxley, 18941963: AMemorial Volume / Ed. J. Huxley. London: Harper & Row Publishers, 1965. P.72.


