 .     
 


"? :   "        ,   " :    " (Violence atSea: Piracy inthe Age ofGlobal Terrorism).          , , , ࠖ      ""    .

         ,   (   )  ࠖ  -,   -,  ,  ,  ,     ,         ,   ,    .





 

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   ,  , . . 

  ,  

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  . 

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 . , . 

  . 

  Darby Harbold (TheMap ofFamous Pirates Buccaneers andFreebooters, 1938)



  .         () .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,       .  ,   ,    ,  ,        ,     ,  ,     .

,     ,  ,  ,      () ,      ,   .



Peter Lehr, 2019

Originally published byYale University Press

  , , .   -, 2023


* * *












  








  .    -    -,  .       ,       . ,  ,      ,   .          .       .   ,   ,  ,  .     :     ,    (  ). - ,        , XVII XVIII,       ,    [1 - Burnett, Dangerous Waters,224.].        16 1998,     MV[1 -   MV motor vessel,  . . ..]CheungSon.

  Cheung Son    1990-    :   ,    .      , , ,   頖     (1883)       (1926)  ,   (1935)        (2003 ..)  .          ,   [2 -  ., .: Ritchie, 'Living with Pirates'.].      , ,   ,      ,  ,    ,              ,   .     2005,            ࠖ .

Seabourn Spirit[3 -       Seabourn Cruise Line.   2015     Windstar Cruises    Star Breeze.]     ,       [2 -  㠖  ,           .    ,   .].         164  208  ,        Cond Nast Traveller       .   2005      .  200        ,     -- .     頖   .

  , 5, 5:30  ,     .    100  [3 -    1,852. . ..]    .     :          ,      ,   .  Seabourn Spirit     .     ,  :     .      ,  :  . ,     ,   ,      ,     .       .

      ,  ,     .    ,     7-      , ,     .       :              ,    ,       -      ,     ,   .        ,    ,       .   ,   ,  ,   ,         ;    ,  .

  ,      ,     ,   .        ( )    .     ,     [4 - ., .: Scotland onSunday, 'Pirates Attack Luxury Cruise Ship', 6 November2005. .: Lehr andLehmann, 'Somalia: Pirates' New Paradise', 45.].

         ,   2005     ,   ,       ,    ,  ,      , , ,  -[4 -         13.11.2008   081956,      .].         134-     ?       ,  .      : ,    , ,   ,     , ,         ,    . Ѡ                   [5 - Rediker, Villains ofAll Nations,175.].         :       MV Maersk Alabama    2013      .

  2009 Maersk Alabama      .     ,     , , ,           . Ƞ 8  240                .   Seabourn Spirit,    Maersk Alabama   ,    . ,     ,    .      ⠫ (-      ),           .   Maersk Alabama  :  ,    ,   ,    ,           . ,      :        ,        .    :      ,  , 頖      .                 Maersk Alabama       .      c  .

    ,      ,   :              8,5.     .        USS Bainbridge,             :            ,      ,    .   ⠖   ,   .               .

     ,    .      ,   ;       - .

 堖      ,      , ,    .     ,        1980- .      1970-      ,                . Ѡ  ,  ,     ,   蠖 .    ,         .        ,           ,       .     - .    ,     ?        ?       - ,     ? Ƞ :   -  ,  ,        ?      ?    ,     :  ,     , ,  [6 -         ,     , ,      , ,  , .        . .:Sim, 'Studying Piracy', 5 (note13).].

Ӡ  ,    ,      .         ,       :          ,   ,       .      .      700 1500,                   .    15001914,            (, , 堖 ),      : , ,   [7 - Mann, TheSources ofSocial Power, vol.1,2.].       : 1500   7%, 1800-젖 35%, ࠫ1914.,      ,  []  84%  [8 - Buzan andLittle, International Systems,257.].    ,        :               . ,     1914  蠖   , ,   .




 


    ,     :  ,  (   ).  ,           ;  ,     , ,   (   . cursarius )        .         :    ,       [9 -  ; 'piracy, n.', OED Online; http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144486 (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144486) ( : 17.09.2018).].          ,        .      ,  -     ,          .




I

 , 7001500



















  


          ?         :  ,            .       , ,   .         , , ,     ,    ;          ,  ;         ;       . ,          .

        :   , ,     ,      .         :        [10 - Antony, Like Froth,89.].       ,     ,      .

   ,  1250 1500,      젖      ,   .    :      ,   ,              , ,  ,  , ,  , ,  .        , ,  ,    ,    ,  ,      [5 - ࠖ    -   .  .].  : , , ,  , , ,     ,  ,    .        ,        蠖  . ,            ;    ,   ,    . ,   ()  ()     ,  ,       [11 - Kaiser andCalafat, 'Violence, Protection andCommerce', 712.].    ,      ,         .  , ,        ,     ,   ,    .  ,           ࠖ      XIX.

              ,   ,         XIV   XV.          ,        ;       XIII XIV      ,          .       ,      , , , ,       ,        [6 -       ,      . . ..]   XV.

        ,    :       ,           .  1158, ,    蠖  蠖 -     ,     .   .     ,  [12 - Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, XIV, 15.5.].     (   )             I   XIV          .       ,    頖      .  ,  ,     ,       ,   ,        .      :



   [1392]     ,   ,  ,    .  ,     ,    ,    ,     ,   [ ]     .


 ,        ,  [13 - Detmar Chronicle, .: Puhle, DieVitalienbr?der,50.].

     ,    , ,    . Π,      蠖  ,   ,        ;  , ,     ,    .         :        ,   [14 - , 1512.]. ,      ,       :           ⠖  ,      .      ,       .   ,  ,  젖 ,   ,  ,   ,     .

,      ,  .  ,           : 1390      ( 堖 vitalie)   ,     [15 -    Hanserecesse   ,   , ,  ..,    XIV, ,    ,      1842,     ,  .].       ,      [16 - Puhle, DieVitalienbr?der, 412.].   , 蠫,  ,       ,      1398   . ,           ,     ,  ,      堖 ,    .

,           .     ⠖   :       ,    . ,     , ,  ,  ,   . Ƞ       . ,  XIV      -            .      (, , ),   .  1325    [17 -  (. ghibellini)       XII XIV,     .   ,      Wibellingen (   ),     III .          , ,    ,     . .  'Guelf andGhibelline', https://www.britannica.com/event/Guelf-and-Ghibelline (https://www.britannica.com/event/Guelf-and-Ghibelline).]  ,   [18 - Heers, Barbary Corsairs, 28, 345.].  1464 젖   젖       ,     [19 - ,36.].       ,     , ,    -   1302 ,      .        ,             ,    ,      ,    .               XIV  ,  ,  ,  蠖   [20 - , 289. .: Setton, TheCatalans inGreece.].

           .         infausta paupertas  ,     [21 - Puhle, DieVitalienbr?der,33.].        ,         ,      .    ,  ,        젖  ,     .  ,            .     : Ruten, roven, det en isgheyen schande, dat doint diebesten vondem lande (  ,     )[22 - .].           .

,  ,       .      ,        ,        .         ,        .  , ,    ,     [23 - , 613.].

      , . ,  ,    ,   [24 -   ,  ,        ,   -,   -,   .].  ,    ,    1170    --.          , , ,   ,          , , ,   ,   [25 - Burgess, Two Medieval Outlaws, 78.].      , .   ,    :     ,       ,    .  -    --,        ,   1204      ,        II .        ,   -,      ,      , -, ,   (  ),     .  12121213     ,            .      24 1217   ,              :         .   ,   .   ,    [26 -  , .: ,34.].

      ,  ;         .  , ,              [27 - Hucker, 'Hu Tsung-hsien's Campaign Against Hsu Hai',280.].  1556          ,   - -    1440- 1560- [28 - .].   ,        ,    ",    "[29 - Levathes, When China Ruled theSeas,185.]. ,   ,    ,     ,  :     ,  ,    ,  ,   .  , ,    ,     - .            ()  ,      ,        14051433.

      ,           ,          ,      ,  ,  ,  .    -,  ,   ,     .  ,   ,    ,       ,   .           :  ,   ,   ,   [30 - Chin, 'Merchants, Smugglers, andPirates', 5052.]. Ӡ    .




  


    ,      .    ,   ,  VIII    ,   ,  - ( ),           ,    ,   [31 - Π  .:Hobsbawm, Bandits.].              .

,        ,    :    ;  ,  ;  .     :



         ,     ,  ,  .       ,             ,    [32 - Hedeager, 'From Warrior toTrade Economy',84.].


       ,     ,    ,  ;  ,     [33 - .].    ,    ,   . ,       ,     ,        ,     . ,             [34 - Foote andWilson, TheViking Achievement,229.].         X XII.

 ,       ,        ,   ,       .  ,     VIII XIII,      - (),     ,    ,       .  Deus vult   ,    II   1095,    I  ,     ;          .      -        :      蠖 ,   , .  ,             , - ,  堖 ,      .

   ,   Deus vult,      ; , ,       ,       [35 - .: Bradford, Mediterranean,361.].           蠫   ,       ,     [36 - Abulafia, TheGreat Sea,279.].     ,     :          .       ,    [37 - .]. Ƞ         :         . ,    XV   ,       III,               ,   , , ,         ;    ,    [38 - Diaz de Gamez, TheUnconquered Knight,54.].       ,  ,     ,  ,   .       ⠖     :   ࠖ  .

Ƞ     .        ( ), ,   ,   , ,       , , ,   ,   -        (       )    :   [39 - Π .:Abulafia, TheGreat Sea,415.].      - XIV -.     :      ,     .   VI    ,       .    -        III    VI; ,   2000 ,   -,  '- ( -),  ,     , ,        ,     [40 - -  砫 '- .:Heers, Barbary Corsairs, 4850.].




  


 ,        ,     ,             . ʠ,         .    ,  -       .  ,      ,    ,    [41 - Amirell andM?ller, 'Introduction: Persistent Piracy',4.].  ,     ,          .

   ,     ,    ,       ,     ,    ,      .   , , ,  ,     .

    XIII     ,      .       .                 .           (    )   : ,   ,      .         ⠖  , ,   .            ,         :     - ,       .     1398                  (.),     ,         :      ,   -   ,     ,    hovetlinge, [42 - Meier, Seafarers,153.].   (,   ,    )    ,          ,     蠖  ,     ,      .

     .  ,       ,   .      ,          .   ,      , 1548  :    ,    .      ,         []  [43 - .: Higgins, 'Pirates inGowns andCaps',30.].             XIV XV,    .           ,         :



    , .                       . -,   ,       ,      [44 - Shapinsky, 'Japanese Pirates andSea Tenure' (unpaginated).].


      :      ,     . ʠ, -    (  ,   ,   VIII XIII    )  -   ,     ,    ,    ,     . ,  ,     ,     -  , -          ,     .  -              .

  ,     ,    ,   -, - -    -        ,     ,      ,     . ,    ,  ,     ,  ,    .          ,    蠖 ,    .       ,       , []        [45 - .].




Ӡ  ?


  -  ,    .       ,      ,   .      ,          ࠖ  [46 - Antony, Like Froth,30.].   ,          ,      .  1134    ,      ,    ;     ,  1134 1135    - ,   [47 - Turnbull, Pirate ofthe Far East, 7; Farris, Heavenly Warriors,242.].

   ,       III,          ,    [48 - Wilson, Empire ofthe Deep,14.]. ,         , ,  ,     [49 - Hobsbawm, Bandits,27.].    .    ,    .  ,   ,   .         :  ,           .    VIII XI  ,      ,        ,   [50 -  .:Barrett, 'What Caused theViking Age?'].   堖  ⠖       .     : 堖  ,   ,   .        ,   .     , ,      ,    ,    .        ,   .

-      ,    ,  ,    .      -        ,          ,         .         .    ,       ,       :       , 頖  [7 -       XVI XIX. . ..]  ,    , 頖  .          ,    ,    .     ,   ,       ,          [51 - Pryor, Geography, Technology, andWar,99.].

          ,   ,   ,       .      ࠖ , , , .  ,   ,    ,  c   .   ,      ,          .       ,          . , -   ,  ,  (,    )    ࠖ ,   ,    ,           ,         .

       ,      ࠖ    ࠖ  ,          .

--  ( ),     ,  ,        ,     ,     . ,       ,          .  , XIX,        ,    ,    ,    ,       , ,  蠖 ,   ,  ,  , , [52 - .: Gosse, TheHistory ofPiracy,1.].    ,   XIX,        ,    .

   ,      . , ,    ,       [53 - Abulafia, TheGreat Sea, 271,274.]. Ƞ ,      ,        .




  


   ,    ,     .       ,       ,     ,  .        . ʠ, ,   ,      䠖  , ,  ,    ,   [8 -    ,  : 13601401.           . . ..],            [9 -     ,     ,  : 13781453. . ..],      .       ,      ,    , , ,     .

          .         ,    ,   ;   蠖 ,    1500- ,    ,   (brazzere).     ,     ⠖ , ,    . ,      [10 - 㠖       ,   ,     .],    ,         .          ,  Friedeschiffe, 蠫 .    -         蠖    蠖      [54 - ,         : Needham, Science andCivilisation inChina, vol.4, part 3, 379699.].       ,     ,         .

      ,      .        .    ,   173,   ,    5;    100- ,     40.          [11 -     ,      ,    -  ,   .]  ,      1525   .  ,  -      .

,     ,   ,     .         ,      ,     .         .       XV             .   1470       700-  ,   ,           [55 - Adorno, .: Heers, Barbary Corsairs,33.].        , -        ;   -    .      . ,    ,   ,      蠫 .        :       ,    ,     ,     [56 - , 334.].       :   ,      ,    [57 - .].

 ,  ,     ,       ,   . ʠ, -        . -   1586   ,    ,   , :       ,  ,    ,   [58 - Tenenti, Piracy andthe Decline ofVenice,5.].

 ,    ,        ,      .   XIII   ,    ,  ,     ,      .     :




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/peter-lehr/istoriya-piratstva-ot-vikingov-do-nashih-dney-69400780/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes









1


  MV motor vessel,  . . ..




2


 㠖  ,           .    ,   .




3


   1,852. . ..




4


        13.11.2008   081956,      .




5


ࠖ    -   .  .




6


      ,      . . ..




7


      XVI XIX. . ..




8


   ,  : 13601401.           . . ..




9


    ,     ,  : 13781453. . ..




10


㠖       ,   ,     .




11


    ,      ,    -  ,   .










1


Burnett, Dangerous Waters,224.




2


 ., .: Ritchie, 'Living with Pirates'.




3


      Seabourn Cruise Line.   2015     Windstar Cruises    Star Breeze.




4


., .: Scotland onSunday, 'Pirates Attack Luxury Cruise Ship', 6 November2005. .: Lehr andLehmann, 'Somalia: Pirates' New Paradise', 45.




5


Rediker, Villains ofAll Nations,175.




6


        ,     , ,      , ,  , .        . .:Sim, 'Studying Piracy', 5 (note13).




7


Mann, TheSources ofSocial Power, vol.1,2.




8


Buzan andLittle, International Systems,257.




9


 ; 'piracy, n.', OED Online; http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144486 (http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144486) ( : 17.09.2018).




10


Antony, Like Froth,89.




11


Kaiser andCalafat, 'Violence, Protection andCommerce', 712.




12


Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum, XIV, 15.5.




13


Detmar Chronicle, .: Puhle, DieVitalienbr?der,50.




14


, 1512.




15


   Hanserecesse   ,   , ,  ..,    XIV, ,    ,      1842,     ,  .




16


Puhle, DieVitalienbr?der, 412.




17


 (. ghibellini)       XII XIV,     .   ,      Wibellingen (   ),     III .          , ,    ,     . .  'Guelf andGhibelline', https://www.britannica.com/event/Guelf-and-Ghibelline (https://www.britannica.com/event/Guelf-and-Ghibelline).




18


Heers, Barbary Corsairs, 28, 345.




19


,36.




20


, 289. .: Setton, TheCatalans inGreece.




21


Puhle, DieVitalienbr?der,33.




22


.




23


, 613.




24


  ,  ,        ,   -,   -,   .




25


Burgess, Two Medieval Outlaws, 78.




26


 , .: ,34.




27


Hucker, 'Hu Tsung-hsien's Campaign Against Hsu Hai',280.




28


.




29


Levathes, When China Ruled theSeas,185.




30


Chin, 'Merchants, Smugglers, andPirates', 5052.




31


Π  .:Hobsbawm, Bandits.




32


Hedeager, 'From Warrior toTrade Economy',84.




33


.




34


Foote andWilson, TheViking Achievement,229.




35


.: Bradford, Mediterranean,361.




36


Abulafia, TheGreat Sea,279.




37


.




38


Diaz de Gamez, TheUnconquered Knight,54.




39


Π .:Abulafia, TheGreat Sea,415.




40


-  砫 '- .:Heers, Barbary Corsairs, 4850.




41


Amirell andM?ller, 'Introduction: Persistent Piracy',4.




42


Meier, Seafarers,153.




43


.: Higgins, 'Pirates inGowns andCaps',30.




44


Shapinsky, 'Japanese Pirates andSea Tenure' (unpaginated).




45


.




46


Antony, Like Froth,30.




47


Turnbull, Pirate ofthe Far East, 7; Farris, Heavenly Warriors,242.




48


Wilson, Empire ofthe Deep,14.




49


Hobsbawm, Bandits,27.




50


 .:Barrett, 'What Caused theViking Age?'




51


Pryor, Geography, Technology, andWar,99.




52


.: Gosse, TheHistory ofPiracy,1.




53


Abulafia, TheGreat Sea, 271,274.




54


,         : Needham, Science andCivilisation inChina, vol.4, part 3, 379699.




55


Adorno, .: Heers, Barbary Corsairs,33.




56


, 334.




57


.




58


Tenenti, Piracy andthe Decline ofVenice,5.


