BIOS. -
  


               /  (BIOS). ,   ,     BIOS    BIOS   .       ,     ,   ,          .     ,       ,     .    





  

BIOS. -











   


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       ,   DOS  Windows      ;

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  : "      BIOS,         ?"     . , ,          .     ""  72 ,  48.   . ,      ,           Microsoft Office.   ?               BIOS             ,  ,    ..       ,         .   ,        ,    ,   .        .   ,        ,   ,  .      .       ,   ""   . -     /,         " ".

       BIOS?     :

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,    ,     :    ,  ?  ,    ,               .      , ,   (  )    .             ?      ?   ,                .

       .      .    , ,  ,  ,             .           ,   ,   .  ""    Windows  ,         ,          .      ,     ,   ,  .   Windows,    ,      .       .   :  "-",   ,   ,      - 40  ""   .

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 I

  BIOS





 1

   BIOS





  BIOS


       ,  BIOS (Basic Input/Output System,   /)   .   ,        ,        .     ,  ,       ,     . , -        MS-DOS.                .         Windows.     /  :     ,       ,   .

    / (BIOS)     ,      (  ,   ).  ,                BIOS.   :          .

              BIOS     ,                 .    BIOS ,       30%.

      BIOS?      :

   .  ,       (  ..),            ,      . , ,            .      Samsung ML-1250.    ,    - MS-DOS,    ,      ;

       ,               . BIOS     ,    ,        ,   ,       ,      BIOS;

  .       ,            . BIOS               ;

  .  ,   ,           .  ,    , , , ASUS  ABIT,      ,     Elite Group,    Manli.





  ,  ,            ,    .            "" .       Top Performance,          .





 BIOS


         BIOS,       .   ,   ,      ,    BIOS    ,      .

  ,  ,      ,  ,        ,          BIOS.           ,         .

BIOS      ,      ,     ,    ,   ,      .

BIOS   ( BIOS)    (  ),      .  BIOS        BIOS,    ,    ..

    /          .  , BIOS    ,      Windows  ,  .  BIOS      ,         .





    Windows    BIOS,  ""   .     ,        MS-DOS,  BIOS     ,     .


  ,   ,      .  CMOS, FLASH, EEPROM  .

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) ,      .     ,        ,       ,      510 .

  ,  "CMOS"    ,    .

ESCD (Extended System Configuration Data)     ,    CMOS.      (       ).             .

    " "     FLASH-       .               (       BIOS),     .

NVRAM (Non Voltage)  .

ROM (Read Only Memory)  ,    (  ).

PROM (Programmable ROM)  ,    ,    .         - ().

       .

EPROM (Erasable PROM)  ,  .         ,          , ,   ,        ,   .

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)  ,   ,      FLASH ROM.          ,         .

 BIOS (Plug and Play BIOS)  BIOS    Plug and Play.

RTC (Real Time Clock)   ,       ,    ,      (   ).

FLASH   ,        ,    ,      .    ?   ,      , ..     ,     .

Firmware     software  hardware (  )       ,    .   BIOS,      ,  ,  .

 ,   BIOS  ,      . , ,    ,       AWARD BIOS,       AMI BIOS.

     Phoenix Technologies. -,  .        (Award Software  Phoenix Technologies)     ,      ,      .   AWARD BIOS  ,      .     http://www.phoenix.com/ (http://www.phoenix.com/).       http://www.award.com/ (http://www.award.com/),       ,      .

       American Megatrends Inc.     http://www.megatrends.com/ (http://www.megatrends.com/).   -    :    BIOS,  ,  ,    .   ,   AMI BIOS     ,      .

    ,   ASUS  Intel,   BIOS   ,  ,   ,   ,    ,  . ,   ,              , .

BIOS   ,         .   ,    ,  ,  .




  BIOS


 BIOS      .     ,      (28  32 )       -,   BIOS (, Phoenix). ,  ,   () .   1.1  ,     .




.1.1.  BIOS       



 BIOS       .      .           , ,  .    :         .    ,        .   FLASH        ,             BIOS.

     ,        FLASH-.

 FLASH BIOS       .        .       28  29, ,  ,   FLASH-.        ,    FLASH.

        CMOS-  - ,        CMOS (.1.2).       .       10 .  ,     ( ,  )  ,       .      CMOS      .         .       Dallas (..     Dallas Nov-RAM)  ODIN. ,          ,        .




.1.2.   CMOS     



   BIOS      ,          (.1.3).




.1.3.           



    BIOS   ,      ,  Gigabyte   Dual BIOS.         FLASH BIOS,          .       ,     (       )      .    Main BIOS,    Backup BIOS.

  ,     Normal Flash ROM,    Rescue ROM.   Die-Hard BIOS.     .

 ,       BIOS,        DIP-.




  BIOS


BIOS  ,     ,   .        .

     ,     (),      , :   ,   ,   .       ,       .  Boot Block.

      ,       SCSI,   " " (,   ,    ..).

       ,       .            (    ,     ,   ,       ).  Main Block.

         ,  Suspend  Sleep Mode,     MS-DOS  ..

  ,    ESCD  . ,       ,   ,      (.1.4).




.1.4.     BIOS




 2

,    


     :   ,        .   .      ?       .      , ,   .

        ,          .     0,10,5 .         RESET.  ,        RESET,    .  ,   ,  ,  , ,    .       ,        ,   "Power Good" (" ").

       .            ,     ,    , ,    ,   .           ,      .

     ,   .  ,   , ,   ,   .. .     ,      ,      ,    .     ,       .

       ,       ,     ,      ,       .  ,            ,       .        .

      ,     ,     .

 86-          - (BIOS)    .             POST (Power-On Self Test,      "   ").

    POST   ,     ( 00h  FFh),  POST-,         80h,            IBM PC.         (""),  POST-,     ,   ,    .

      POST-  BIOS   ,        ,         ,               .           .        , ,  AWARD ( Phoenix    ).   ,             .   15  POST- AVARD BIOS.

           0080h.   POST-            ,          (.2.1).




.2.1.   POST-



          ,   0080h. ,      EISA      0300h.           ,        ,        .

    POST-:

"" POST-,   ,      .      ,     (,     ,     ,    ..);

,         (, PHD PCI).           ,    ,      ..;

,       BIOS  ,   ,  ,   . ,     Lite BIOS.   ,  ,    POST-. , ,     .




 3

   BIOS



 BIOS     ,          ,    ,    ..    BIOS        ,                .

   CMOS Setup Utility (   ,   CMOS-).      BIOS.          . ,   ,    . ,   ,        . ,  "  "   ,         .

,      ,      -    .  BIOS (AWARD  AMI)        ,  (Phoenix)       .




   


   CMOS Setup Utility       .     ,        ,     ,  .  ,   ,      ,      ,     ,     ,       - .   -,    .         ,      (,   .),       Windows      ,    . ,          BIOS?              .  BIOS         .     , , 833   336 !        ,            (,      ). -,       ,          CMOS-. -,       ,       ,                  .

               (     <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<Del>   Reset)         .         ,     ,        'Press Del to enter Setup'.    <Delete> (<Del>  ,  )     CMOS Setup Utility,         .    <Del>       <NumLock>    .  ,     <NumLock>.

 ,       ,      ?   :

  BIOS     ,          (,          ).         <Delete>     (        600700         ). ,         ,      .       ,     ,     (  );

         . ,   Compaq       CMOS Setup     <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<Del>    .   , ..     .       : <Ctrl>+<Esc>, <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<Esc>, <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<S>,    <Esc>.          ,  <F1>, <F2>  <F10>;

 ,           ,    "".       -  (, )      .       ,  ,      (     ,   ).    ,        -   (     ).       BIOS                 ( ).       ,       -       .




   


     CMOS Setup Utility     - ,  ,    .3.1  3.2.




.3.1.     AWARD BIOS  4.5






.3.2. AWARD BIOS 6.0 (      Pentium III/IV)



      .  ,        ,    .            ,     .    ,        .  ,      -         BIOS.

AWARD BIOS  4.5x    :

  <?>  <?>    ;

<Enter>    ;

<Page Up>  <Page Down>  , ,     ;

<Esc>            ;

<F10>        ;

<F2>   ,     .

AWARD BIOS 6.0       ,      .       :

<>  <d>     .     ,         <?>  <?>;

<m>  <o>       (     <?>  <?>);

<Enter>   ,   .     -     <Enter>       .        <?>  <?>     <Enter>;

<Esc>        Exit ();

<F1>  <Alt>+<H>  ;

<-> (   )    ;

<+> (   )    ;

<Home>  <PageUp>      ;

<End>  <Page Down>      ;

<F5>    ,     ;

<F10>        .

  AMI BIOS    :

  <?>  <?>    ;

<Enter>    ;

<Page Up>  <Page Down>        ;

<Esc>            ;

<F10>        ;

<F2>  <F3>   ,     ;

<F1>  ,      .

  -        ,     .




   


 BIOS,  ,      .       ,     .         ,       ,   ,    .            ,       .

   BIOS   AWARD BIOS 4.5. ,   ,              .         BIOS.

BIOS Features Setup

      .   :   ,    (      ),      "",  -   .       Boot.

Chipset Features Setup

        .   ,      .              (     ).    Advanced Chipset Setup  Advanced BIOS Features.

Frequency/Voltage Control

        .

Hard Disk Utility

  ,         .  ,      ,     SCSI.   BIOS     HDD Low Format. ,        .      10        BIOS   - ,      ,   -   ,        .

HDD Auto Detection

      ,       IDE.         500 , ..       .        (      -      ).

Integrated Peripherals

  ,     .    BIOS   ,         -  .

Load BIOS Defaults

   "  BIOS  ".             BIOS       . ,    ,     .            .   ,  ""           .  " "      BIOS  -     ,      .    ,     ,         ..    Restore BIOS Defaults, Load Fail Safe.

Load EEPROM Defaults

  CMOS   (    ).

Load Setup Defaults

      -   .            <Enter>.      BIOS     ,     .              .      : Original, Auto Configuration with Power-On Default, Load Performance Defaults, Load Optimized Defaults.

Load Turbo Defaults

        BIOS.          . ,      ,          ..

MB Intelligent Tweaker (M.I.T.)

                 ..       Gigabyte.

PC Health Status

      ,     .

PnP/PCI Configuration

  ,          (,  DMA,  /).

Power Management Setup

,       .       ""       .    Power.

Save And Exit Setup

  <Enter>            .        .     Write  CMOS And Exit.

Save EEPROM Defaults

  CMOS  .    ,          .

Select Language

  .

Set Supervisor Password

  ,   .  , ,   ,       BIOS.    Supervisor Password.

Set User Password

   ,       ,     ,    .    User Password, Change Password.




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/anton-traskovskiy/bios-ekspress-kurs/)  .

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