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       .  ,     ,       .       IAST      (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration). IAST   ,   1894       ,          .

 ,   ,        (isvara, yaksa),     (pattdbhishekam),     (),    (murti)     (mandapa),      (Sarabhendra hhupala kuravahei nataka),         (moksa)   .

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 1

  








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 109:       ,                ! (, 2008: 567).

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   ,  ,   .            .  ,  Linga-purana    ,       ,    ,  ,       .   ,    ,           ,    ,  ,   ,   (Verma, 2011:17). ,       ,      .

  ,    -   .  ,    ,      .

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         .       ,    VIIIX .        (),     (Ravula Phadi) (Verma, 2011:10).       , -   ,         .

        - (nddabrahma)     (vaglsvara)  .     ,           .        - (Mahesvara-sutra  pratyahara-sutra),          (Astadhyayi).  ,    ,         .        -    .  -,       ,  .

          ,   , ,   .     ,      ,  ,   ,         .           ,  ,   .        .

      , ,  , ,   . , .   --[37 -   ,      XIII ,   ,     V   .   ,   ,       . ,   ,   ,        (Ghosh, Manomohan. Nandikesvaras Abhinayadarpanam. A Manual of Gesture and Posture used in Hindu Dance and Drama. Calcutta, 1957. P. 38).] ( 31)  ,       (prdrthanddikam) ,   (murajadhipa),            .

,            .         ,     ,    .  ,     (18771945),      ,    ,      ,       (dvmdubhi, dindima, mridahga, damaru),         -. , ,   Sakti Ganapatim.

         [38 - ,  ,   ,     ( ,    )     .       .    ,    ,    .     ,        ,   .].    ,   [39 -      ,      ,   .     ,    .],          .    ,     ,     ,        .    --    (--),         ,    .    [40 -      ,  ,       ,   ,     .    ,        (vighna),     :  (Vighnesa),  (Vighnesvara),  (Vighnamja),  (Vighnanasana),  (Vighnakrt), - (Vighnaharta)  .  ,       ,          .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,              .].

     ,       .

       ,     ,      .       -   - ,     .   :  (Vinapani)    ,  (Vinavaairii)   ,  (Vam)    (   ),  (Varnesvari)  ,  (Kavijihvagravasim)     ,  (Vidyddatr)  ,  (Pustakadharim)  ,  (Vagdem)  ,  ..

    ,        . ,    ,         .  ,        .   ( 1  36)          ,       ,       ,    .          .

 - (27)     ,  ,       :

    .

        

   ,   .

      



     

  .

       

[] .

,    ,  [ ]

.

       ,

    ,    ,

   []   .

 ,      

[41 -    : Ghosh, Manomohan. Nandikesvaras Abhinayadarpanam. A Manual of Gesture and Posture used in Hindu Dance and Drama. Calcutta, 1957.].



 ,   ,         .           .         ,     ,         (, ),       ,           .






     (, , XII.) 



          ,       , ,      ( ,      ),     .          .

      ,      .    ,  ,  ,       , ,   ,        .    ,            .          ,     ,     , , .   ,       ,    , ,   ,     .   4440  ( 89 ),      [42 -       ,    .           .    ,          -        ,        (Aiyangar, 1914: 21).   ,    ,          ,         ,       ,   ,    IIII ..       ,     ,   .         ,     ,    ,    ,    . ,        ,   IXX ,       ,  -  .  ,           ,    (XI, 1820).          (  []  ),         .      ( ,   )     ,    ,     ,    ,       .].

                [43 -     ,           .] (   )          (  ).          .     ,         .         ,   , ,         700  (    ),      ,   .      ,         [44 -     ;  ,     ;  ,    ;  ,    ;   ;   ,    ;    .].

                ,        .      ,   ,     .         ,          .

 ,           .    ,      ,    .                     (gandharva),    (somglta) (, 1987: 2, 3).       ,     .       ,        ,     ,          .

             ,      ,   ,       ,    ,   .  ,   .   ,    ,             .

  ,       ,                 (silpa).         (Visvakarman) ,     [45 -         ,        ,        .       . .:  .  // . . : .  . .  . .  . . .: , 1996, . 130.].  ,       ,            .

         ,            ,            .   ,      ,     .         ,   ,     ,     .




 


     ,   ,       ,       , , , ,    ,  .    . . ,        ,   ,    ,      ,     ,    (, 1982:78).

           .        -  ,      ,        ,       [46 -        , ,   ,    ,   ,   ,   ,   .  ,     ,   ,   ,       .].         Visiauaharmottara-purana (2 , 39),          (. : , 2014:100101):



 :

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		    .

 :

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		      .

 :

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, ,      ,  ,   ,           ,    .               ,       ,   .              ,         ,         .

          .      ,     ,      [47 -       :   ,          ,      ,       ,           ,   .].  Visnudharmottara-purana      ( 43,3637)         (. : , 2014:154):

		  ,  ,
		  ( ) .
		    
		    .

		,     ,   ,
		    (,  )
		.
		     () ,
		    ( )
		 .

 ,                           /  (rahga).     ,   (aharya),  , ,        .  (nepathya)       (   ),      Aharyabhinaya (27.1).






 .  



 ,      vartana ( .  vrt  , ),  ,       .            ,   ,    (vartana) ,    ,     .

 ,                 ,       ,   .     ,       ,   ,  ,   .

             /  ,   (,   ..)     (, ).   ,               -,    .         ( 35, 67) (. : , 2014:111):

		  , ,    ,
		    ,
		    ,
		    ,
		    .
		 :   .

         ,     ( 34 )    .       ,   ,      .

 ,        ,     (),   (),     (),      ().     (  32)   ,  ,             .

 ,              ,      - .   , ,    ,       ,    ,          .   ,  ,    ,       ,      ,      ,      ,    ,    ,  ..

   ,     ,     ,      ,      (, , , ),    (, , , , ),   ()   (-) ,        (  ,    ,  ,  ,  ,  ).                 ,       .                 ,      , ,   .

     ,         ,    -          .            .     -,     (11701245).        ,      XII .          (astapadi)[48 -    ,        ,        ( . asta  ).]       ,   .

         ,          ,  .      -     , ,       ,   ().

  -     .       .        ,      -.     ,     (),   [49 -    ,    .   ,       ,   ,           ,   .         .].    ,      ,     ,      .        .

     ,    ,       , ,   .      ,      . -  ,    - ,         ,        .

  ,     ,          .     ,         ,         ,      .     ,      ,   ,          .     ,       ,     ,       ,    .  ,  ,       .               ,      . ,     ,       ,      ,             ,      .       ,      ,      ,     ,        [50 -  ,  ,      Creation of Ganesha   ,  ,    .    . . -    Ganesha-shabdam             .].

       ,      ,       ,     . ,  ,     , ,   ,        ,  ,   .  -         ,   Natanamatinar, Kalai tukki, Ananta natana  ..        .

      ,       ,     . , . .         Anandanartana-Ganapati,         .       Anandanartana-Ganapati   .






      



           .        -       . ,  XVII     ,    -  ,       Sukhakarta Duhkhaharta.  ,      (   )      .       (24  1775  21  1835)    Vatapi Ganapati      .

 ,        ,   ,   .          .     ,    ,      .   642       I (630668)[51 - ,   I    12  ,     .    -  ,  , ,  ,  ,  I      ,  .],     II (610642).      ,        .

         [52 -      ( ),   ,    ,   .         ,          . ,    ,   ,      .    I,      ,      ,     I  630           I,     .            ,    .     63  ,  ,        .].   ,       ,     ,          ,    ( ),    [53 -  ,         (Catlin, 1991: 141).           ,      .].               ,      -.        ( ),           [54 -        ,       ,          .].    ,         ,      -    (Catlin, 1991:158).

   Vatapi Ganapati,    Sodasa Ganapati,   pare -[55 -        ,           .  ,  , ,   ,   .  , -          (Catlin, 1991:144).],     1790   , -  (17351817).          pare ,      ,     .  Vatapi Ganapati                .                 ,       .    . , -,     Vatapi Ganapati       ,    . -,    ,      ,  ,      ,   [56 -        -    .        .         ,    .       Maha Ganapatim manasa smarami   Musika vahana modaka hasta.        ,  ,       .    Ganesa-kautuvam         .]. , -,      ,      [57 -                ,      ,  21.00   24.00.].        ,   .

  Vatapi Ganapati   .        .        ,        .           ,    -     [58 -  / : , ,   -.],       ,  .      :    ,  ,  ,    ,      ,   .                    .  ,             .       ,   ,      .     ,    ,       ,      .   ,   Vatapi Ganapati    ,      -.

          ,     .  ,          ,             ,    .  ,        ,         .

,             ,    .   , ,          par  .       .      ,     .    ,      . . :



 1968             ,   ,        ,            .        -  ,        .         ,      ,        -.   ,     -   .    ,     .  ,   , ,              ,  .    ,  ,     ,    ,      ,       .    ,   ,           ,      .     ,   -,  ,       ,      ,  ,    ,   ,   .   ,     ,  ,          ,       .             [59 -            . . .      .          .  ,    ,      ,          ,            .       ,          ,   .   ,      ,             ,     ,   , ,    ,     ,    .    ,    :  ,   .   ?     . ,      (, 1982: 3132).] (, 1982:7172).







   

(, )



,       -   ,       , ,   ,    .   ,  ,       .     ,           .

. .         -     .   . ,   ,  ,  ,       ,       . ,       ,     ,           ,      ,    ,      (, 1996:210).

         ,      ,      -    ,    .       ,      ,     ,      ,           ,      [60 - .  . :     ,      ,   ,   ,           (, 1996: 210).]. ,           ,  ,     , , , 

                     ,           .               ,   ,   ,     ,       .






       (, , XIII.)



,    ,        ,                  -.         ,        ,    .  ,       .         ,      .

   ,   ,     ,               .    ,         , , ,      .






   -.

  (, )




 2







  


      (rasa),           ,  ,  ,  ,   ,    .

  rasa   , , ,          ,  ,      ,   ,         ,      .            .  ,       .

 ,       ,      ,  ,  ,       , , ,           (natya),   .

            (6.15).  ,   ,     (astarasdh):

1) (srrigara)   ,

2) (hdsya)   ,

3) (karma)   ,

4) (raudra)   ,

5) (vira) ,

6) (bhaydnaka) ,

7) (bibhatsa)  ,

8) (adbhuta)    .



      ,          .       ,              ,    .        ,   ,  49 ,      .   .

,  (bhdva,  .  bhu  , , , )  ,         .    , , ,   ,       (abhdva).   ,       bhdva  ,  .    bhdva   bhdvayati  ,  , ,      ,           (kavyartha)    ,      (vagahgasattvopetan) .






    



 ,      ,      , ,   ..  ,    ,    ,    ,  ,                       - .               .         .

     :  (sthdyi),  (vyabhicari)   (sattvika).     , , ,      ,    ,  -.           ,      ,               49.

     ,  --,     ,    .        (      ).  ,         :  (rati  dmoda),  (hasa),  (soka),  (krodha),  (utsaha),  (bhaya),  (jugupsa)   (vismaya).  ,      ,       -.         (nirveda),   .

    ,   ,           .     .    ,   ,   ,  .         (   ),       -.  ,       ,     ,    .      ,         ,   ,     .

  ,     ( ),   .      :     ,    ,    .     ,  .

 vyabhicdri     ,   , ,     vi  abhi,   ,   . ,  vyabhicari   ,     ,     ,    .  ,    , , .               (   )       ( ,    ..).       ,   -.

    ,        (harsa),    (einta)     (smrti).       ,     ,    , ,    .         .       ,    ,        ,     .          ,      ,   .

 ,                .

           .          -.   ,      ,      .

 (,  )    (  , ,  ),      .      ,    , ,   .      ,       (  ),  , ,    .    ,      ,   .

       (,  ),         .       ,       ,  ,   ,      .      ,   ,  .     ,    -:          ,     .     ,  ,   ,     ,             .

 ,      ,        .         ,  - (     ),      , , ,       .  ,       ,          .

 ,        (dlambana)   (uddipana).  (, , , , ,  , )  ,     .       ,     ,  , .  ,   .  (, , , , , )   ,       .

   ,       ,   ,     (   ),    .      , ,      ,     (       ,   ,     )    , ,  ,  ,  ,  .   .

  (, , , ).      ,        , ,   (,   ,     ,   ,   ..).       ,    .      -,     .  ,      .

             . ,        ,   .  .  ,             ,   ,    .    -  .

            .  ,      ,            ,   .  ,   ,     .

     ()   :  ( ,  )  ,  ,  (,   , ).       .  ,    ,     - (sattvikahhava).

-,   ,              -.   (6. 22),   :  (stambha) , ;  (pralaya) ,  ;  (romahea)    ;  (sveda)  ;  (vaivarnya)    (,   );  (vepathu) , ;  (asru) ;  (vaisvarya)  .        ,       .






    



    :      ,   ,     - ,      .       (  ,   ..) ,   .

    ,   ,      ,        ,   . ,     ,     ,       .     , ,       .       ,    ,  ..     ,      ,      ,      .

 ,      ,      , , ,    (8.10).

   ,     - (samcdribhdva).        ,  ,   ,     .   .    ,   -  -  ,       .     33 :  (nirveda),  (glani),  (srama),  (irsyd)  ..     ,    ,             .            .

,        ,    ,       . ,    , ,     .     ,     ,   .     ,      ,  ,     -.

              ,    .           .        (  ).          ,  .

  ,      .   ,           (        ).   ,            (  ,   ).   ,        -.

        -    ,     .   ,    ,  ,    ,     .   ,    ,      .

  ,               , , ,  .     ,    ,        .           .   . . ,      ,    ,  , ,        (Tagore, 1880: 24, 38).      .






    



    ,    (     , , ). , ,  ,   49 : 8- (   ,     ,    , ,      ,   ), 33    ,  8 ,    .

 ,  .       -.     -:    -,    -  ,    -,    ,    ,    ,    ,    .

 :    ,    ,        (6. 36). :    ,    ,   -      (7. 8).         ,      .         ,   -.

 -         ,     :         .         -:    ,   ,             .

      -,      .   ( 7),    , , .  ,         ,     .        ,           .

,           (,     6,     7).       ,      , , , .      , , , , .

 ,        ,         .           :   .  ,  ,   , ,   .      , ,   ,      .  ,      ,       ,     ,      .

       -,              [61 - , ,                   ,       .].    ,       ,   (-   ),       (    )   - ( ).

 ,      [62 -         .    ,       ,      -       , ,   .      ,        (     ).  ,       .],       ,    ,          - . ,       ,     .                 ,      .        ,      .         .




   


   ,   ,       . ,   . . ,        ,      ,     :  ,    ,    ,    (, 2008: 217).    ,     -   , .

  ,       :   .         (6.15)  ,  , ,     ,       , ,    (6.3941),  ,    ,       ,    .  ,       :     ,    ,    ,      -  -,            .  ,    , . .  ,      ,       ,         .    ,          (, 2008: 218),      .     .

 ,   ,     .       .   ,    raudra    ,    ,   ,    -     (     ).      ( 6 ,    63  64) ,     ,     ,    .    ,       (  ),       ,      .    ,        ,     ,         ,    .       .       ,     .

  .. ,            ,      ,     ,      (, 2008: 219).   ,        ,      (13. 4849).            ,     ( ),         (svabhava).      ,     ,     .     ,   ,   ,   ,   (13. 5052).        ,   -,  ,    ,    .   ,           -   (, 2008: 220).  ,       .

 vlra  ,       (uttamaprakrtih)  ,    ,    .

 -,     (nayaka)  ,  .  ,       (, , , )  -,        .          .         .

      ,          ,          ,            ,      .        ,       .   ,         ,    [63 -            .].

   ,           ,                      (, 2008: 221).  ,             ,        ,          .

 -        , , ,    .  ,        ,       . ,              . ,     .

   ,          . , -,     ,         .  ,        , , ,      ,      (  ),       (mangalya).  (43. 2)       (. : , 2014:149.):

		  , , ,
		   ,
		     ,
		   .

  ,        .      ( , 6.4748),      ,           , , ,    ,   ..

  . ,       (kanta),   (kanti).       I.  ..  (5.2)   ,  (, 2014: 83).       ,                  .  ,             (, , 25.1)         (madhuratva) (, 2014:56). ,     ( )   ,          (, 2014: 83).

      ,   :  ,    ,         ,   (ujjvala-vesatmakah).  ,        ,   ,     ,   (srngaravan). ,      ,        ,       ,       .  ,  srngara       ,    . ,                (, 2008: 223).

     ,    (divyastrl).  ,            (vrtti),         (bharati),  (sattvati)   (drabhatl).         (kaisikl),     .       (manasa)  (1.4146).        (ujjvalavesah) (24. 319320).

,   ,    .   hdsya  ,       ,    ,   .   (6. 4950) :   ,  ,    ..

  (30.1213) ,             .     ,      .    (30. 1112),         (, 2014:197).          ,      [64 - ,    (13.141142)          :   ,  ,  ,    .](     ).

  . . ,   hdsya    (vidusaka)  ,      .   ,   [65 -  ,   ,           (siromuvtda)     (kdkapada) ( 23),       ,   ,     -  ( 35).]        (, 2008:224).       ,  ,   .

               . ,       (, 2008: 224).   ,                ,    .      ,       ,     (20. 46).    -,    ,         [66 -  adbhuta     abbhavati (a+bhu)   (.  abbhuta).].

,  .          ,   ,    ,       .      ,       , ,   ,   , ,    (, 2014: 86).

 ,    ,           .    (20. 84)                (sadrasa).         ,  ,  ,    : , , , ,   .     ,    ,  , .              [67 -       ,   , ,   .,       .              .].

        .   ,  ,    32,  ,     ,     (dsvddyate)   ,    ,  ,    .   (dsvddayanti)       .           [68 - .: The Natyasastra by Sri Bharatamuni. Edited by Pandit Kedarnath.Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan. Delhi  Varanasi. 1983, p. 93.].

        ,     svad/ svad    ,  , , .  ,   asvada,  ,       rasa (Chaturvedi, 1996:40).     .

  , ,                . ,  ,   lohoga,     dsvada (Patwardhan, 1986: 8; Chaturvedi, 1996: 36)   (   )  ,  , , , .       svdda,  , ,    earvana    (Chaturvedi, 1996:44).

,       ,       (   -  ),    ,          .    . ,  rasa        - (Vatsyayan, 1997:8).            .

,        ,    (20. 84).     - ,       ,   ,   ,  ,  .

             ,       ,       .

 ,  ,     ,       ,            ,      .   ,    - ,    ,      , .

      [69 -     ,       (776807).        Bhdmahavivarana,     Kavyalankara,       Kavyalankarasarasangraha.      ,    (Sreekantaiya, 2001: 22).] (VIIIIX.)       (santa),     .      Kavyalankarasarasangraha,  ,      ,      ,     ,         (Sreekantaiya, 2001: 22).






      .  , IIIIV.



  ,    ,     Visnudharmottara-purana    VIVIII  ..,      ,    ,   .     (  30. 2) ,     ,     (santo rasah svatantro tra prthageva vyavasthitah).     (. : , 2014:196):

		   .
		     .

        ,        (43.1): , , , , , , , -  . ,    ,       : (srhga rahasyakarunaviraraudrabhayanaka / bibhatsadbhutasantasca nava eitrarasah smrtah).        (. : , 2014:149):

		  , ()  :
		 ,  ,  ,
		 ,  ,  ,  ,
		    .

- -    (, 2014: 86),     XIII              .            -    .        ,           . -[70 -     ,   .  ,  ,     Dasarupakam,     ,   ,      .] (X  XI.),  , ,      .

     ,       .     [71 -        ,   .     Dhvanydloka,       (, ).] (IX.),  ,  -    .  ,       .   -  ,       .

  ,    -              [72 -       (,   ,    ), ,  ,      .    ,            .   ,           .] (XXI.),  ,    ,  ,    , ,    (, 2014,84).

 ,        ,      .     :     ?    ,      .        , ,  . , ,  (43.10)    ,        ,    (. : , 2014:150):

		   , 
		 ,
		   ,
		   
		   .

,  ,  ,   .       ,     ,   - (yogimbhuh). ,           .        .

 , [73 -          ,          ,         .]       (, , ),      .       (),   ()     ()   ().        ,   ,   -[74 -       .].  ,    -          ,      .

  -       (, 3.26),                   ,    (, 2014: 137138).






.  



  ,          ,             .   -      ,     ,        , .

 ,        ,           .   ,      -,          , ,          (navarasa).

   (  )   ,    IV  V      ,   .   ,  IXX ,           (,  , ),   XVI    .  ,                  .

           ,           ,   .         -  ,  -       . , -[75 -      ,       Kavyaprakasa.] (XIXII.)       (vatsalya),       ,  ,  .      ,    (, ),       (,   ).

   (XI )     .

  Srngara prakasa     ,        (vatsala)    (santa),    Sarasvati kanthdbharana   ,          (preyas),  (santa),  (uddtta)   (uddhata).

       ,     : -- (sambhoga),    ,  - (vipralambha),    .   -   . , ,     ,        (),        ,     .

     ,  ,              ,       .         ,              .




  


,     ,    rasa       .     .   ,        :     - ,     ,          .    ,     - ,  ,  ,    ,   ,       .               .         ,     .

           .            ,        ,      .          ,        .  ,     ,    ,   ,       ,   .

                .   ,           .   ,     ,        ,  .

 ,               ,  ,        ,     ,   .   .         ,      (atman)    (Raghavan, 1940: ).

           rasa,    ,   . ,  - (1.1. 2)[76 -            ..  (, 2008: 225).]         , , ,      ..   :     .    .    .    .    .    .    .    [77 - . : .  3- .   .   ,    . . .  3. ., 1992, . 49.].           rasa[78 - 


8      : esam hhutanam prthivi rasah prthivyd apo rasah I apdmosadhayo rasa osadhmdm puruso rasah purusasya vagraso vaea rgrasa rcah sama rasah samna udgitho rasah 11 1.1.2|| (: https://www. wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/chandogya-upanishad-english/d/ doc238711.html)].

 ,         ,       -,         .  (6.4445)  ,     :     ,    ,    ,  (Mahakala)




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=69510055)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


      I  ..      :     ,     ,   ,   ,   .  ,         ,       V  (. 13).         .      . , ,         ,   IIIIV.      ..,       .  -      -   I  ..   ,     V  VI.      .    IIIIV.,   VI     ,    VII     . (    1-  I. ..    ,    ,               ,    -  ).     ,        ,    V :    VI ,        VIII .




2


  -    ,         ;      ,      ;    ,       ;         ,    ;      ,    ;       ,         ,         ,       .




3


  sivam         , , , , ,                 (,   ), , ,        .




4


    ,       .            .         ,       ,      .  . .,     1-  XIX ,     :        , ,      ;                     ;  ,            ,          (, 2011:25).




5


     . .      :       ,         .    .    , , .       ,      .         .          .     ,    .         (Farquhar, 1913: 303).




6


                (   I   ..    I. ..),         . ,       . . -  . .  :      (   )            -  ,         ,            (-, , 2001: 442).




7


    .  (, 2009:37),     .




8


 ,      , , , , , -, ,    , ,  .




9


 ,             .   1960-    . .     :    ,       ,  ,   ,  ,     ,             .  , , ,  ,            (, 1964: 3).        . .   A Survey of Indian History:       ,  ,        ,    ,       (Panikkar, 1962: viii).         ,   ,     .




10


        1883    : Archibald Campbell Carllyle, Notes on lately discovered Sepulchral Mounds, Cairns, Caves, Cave Paintings and Stone Implements, Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1883.




11


 ,   , , , , ,  ,      ,        .                  ,   ,    ,      .        ,      ,        .               .       , ,      .                 (Chattopadhyaya, 2016: 252254).




12


    , ,    ,    ,          .         (Raymond Allchin. Neolithic Cattle-Keepers of South India),    1963 ,         .   ,         .




13


 1983         .




14


  1939     . . ,    .    ,    , ,  ,   ,   .   1948  . .                    .




15


     ,   XIX ,  ,         XX ,     ,     .




16


..  (18721941)        ,   1939  1942      .




17


     1753 .     ().    -   ,               .




18


X.    ,                  .         (Buchthal, 1945: 4).




19


        ,   ,        1948    ,   . ,      .




20


      ,       ,   ,   ,      , , , , .




21


 ,     ,          ,    .




22


 /    ,     ,     ,    ,    .          .




23


       ,         .  ,       ,       Gaekwad Oriental Series  1926 .     ,     .    Tanaavalaksanam    . .    1936 .     ( ,   ),       ,    .      ,   .  ,   ,     . . ,       ,    .




24


               (Gopala Kristnayya Duggirala).     The Mirror of Gesture. Being the Abhinaya Darpana of Nandikesvara  1917 .  ,     ,   ,  .       ,    .




25


     . : Padma Subrahmanyam. Karana in Indian Sculpture (Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation). Chidambaram: Annamalai University, 1978.        ,   .  , .: Iyer . Karana Sculptures, Dance Practice and the Natyasastra in Indonesia// Sangeet Natak, No. 119, January-March, 1996; Shankar, Bindu S. Dance Imagery in South Indian Temples: Study of the 108-karana Sculptures. Dissertation. Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University. The Ohio State University, 2004.




26


    : History, Technique and  Notation for Adavu System in Dance (1978), Dance Notation ofAdavus (2000), Paratam Kalai (Kotpadu) (2009), Some Pearls from the Fourth Chapter ofAbhinavabhdrati (Karanas andAhgahdras).




27


.      ,    .     .




28


   .  Prambanan: Sculpture and Dance in Ancient Java. A Study in Dance Iconography,   1998 ,    Dance in Ancient Java The Dance Sculptures of the Siwa Temple at Prambanan (1995)  Karana Sculptures, Dance Practice and the Ndtyasdstra in Indonesia (1996).  .    The Dance Sculptures of Lara-Djonggrang (Prambanan). A Comparative Study (1977).




29


, Traditional Indian Theatre: Multiple Streams (1980), Jay-adeva. Jdur Gita-Govinda: adated sixteenth century Gita-Govinda from Mewar (1980), Transmissions and Transformations: Learning Through the Arts in Asia (2011)  .




30


   ,  . ,     ,   .                ,    .  ,      ,        .  ,         :  ,  ,    (Shankar, 2004: 289290).




31


  ,    ,          (Shankar, 2004: 9).




32


-,    ,         ,    .




33


-,   ,       ,       ,  , .




34


     ,    .




35


        ,      ,         .                 .      ,    ,    .            (, . prasaaa, mandira, , . koyil, kovil).




36


   (Indian Museum)    ,       XI .      ,              (Religious Beliefs, 1973: 33,34).




37


  ,      XIII ,   ,     V   .   ,   ,       . ,   ,   ,        (Ghosh, Manomohan. Nandikesvaras Abhinayadarpanam. A Manual of Gesture and Posture used in Hindu Dance and Drama. Calcutta, 1957. P. 38).




38


,  ,   ,     ( ,    )     .       .    ,    ,    .     ,        ,   .




39


     ,      ,   .     ,    .




40


     ,  ,       ,   ,     .    ,        (vighna),     :  (Vighnesa),  (Vighnesvara),  (Vighnamja),  (Vighnanasana),  (Vighnakrt), - (Vighnaharta)  .  ,       ,          .  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,              .




41


   : Ghosh, Manomohan. Nandikesvaras Abhinayadarpanam. A Manual of Gesture and Posture used in Hindu Dance and Drama. Calcutta, 1957.




42


      ,    .           .    ,          -        ,        (Aiyangar, 1914: 21).   ,    ,          ,         ,       ,   ,    IIII ..

       ,     ,   .         ,     ,    ,    ,    . ,        ,   IXX ,       ,  -  .  ,           ,    (XI, 1820).          (  []  ),         .      ( ,   )     ,    ,     ,    ,       .




43


    ,           .




44


    ;  ,     ;  ,    ;  ,    ;   ;   ,    ;    .




45


        ,        ,        .       . .:  .  // . . : .  . .  . .  . . .: , 1996, . 130.




46


       , ,   ,    ,   ,   ,   ,   .  ,     ,   ,   ,       .




47


      :   ,          ,      ,       ,           ,   .




48


   ,        ,        ( . asta  ).




49


   ,    .   ,       ,   ,           ,   .         .




50


 ,  ,      Creation of Ganesha   ,  ,    .    . . -    Ganesha-shabdam             .




51


,   I    12  ,     .    -  ,  , ,  ,  ,  I      ,  .




52


     ( ),   ,    ,   .         ,          . ,    ,   ,      .    I,      ,      ,     I  630           I,     .            ,    .     63  ,  ,        .




53


 ,         (Catlin, 1991: 141).           ,      .




54


       ,       ,          .




55


       ,           .  ,  , ,   ,   .  , -          (Catlin, 1991:144).




56


       -    .        .         ,    .       Maha Ganapatim manasa smarami   Musika vahana modaka hasta.        ,  ,       .    Ganesa-kautuvam         .




57


               ,      ,  21.00   24.00.




58


 / : , ,   -.




59


           . . .      .          .  ,    ,      ,          ,            .       ,          ,   .   ,      ,             ,     ,   , ,    ,     ,    .    ,    :

		  ,
		   .
		   ?
		   
		  .
		 ,    
		  

(, 1982: 3132).




60


.  . :     ,      ,   ,   ,           (, 1996: 210).




61


, ,                   ,       .




62


        .    ,       ,      -       , ,   .      ,        (     ).  ,       .




63


    

       .




64


,    (13.141142)          :   ,  ,  ,    .




65


 ,   ,           (siromuvtda)     (kdkapada) ( 23),       ,   ,     -  ( 35).




66


 adbhuta     abbhavati (a+bhu)   (.  abbhuta).




67


      ,   , ,   .,       .              .




68


.: The Natyasastra by Sri Bharatamuni. Edited by Pandit Kedarnath.

Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan. Delhi  Varanasi. 1983, p. 93.




69


    ,       (776807).        Bhdmahavivarana,     Kavyalankara,       Kavyalankarasarasangraha.      ,    (Sreekantaiya, 2001: 22).




70


    ,   .  ,  ,     Dasarupakam,     ,   ,      .




71


       ,   .     Dhvanydloka,       (, ).




72


      (,   ,    ), ,  ,      .    ,            .   ,           .




73


         ,          ,         .




74


      .




75


     ,       Kavyaprakasa.




76


           ..  (, 2008: 225).




77


. : .  3- .   .   ,    . . .  3. ., 1992, . 49.




78





8      : esam hhutanam prthivi rasah prthivyd apo rasah I apdmosadhayo rasa osadhmdm puruso rasah purusasya vagraso vaea rgrasa rcah sama rasah samna udgitho rasah 11 1.1.2|| (: https://www. wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/chandogya-upanishad-english/d/ doc238711.html)


