   
  

  


                080507  ,                .





 . .,  

   





 1.    





1.1.    MRP/ERP  CSRP



  ,     ,   ,    ,       -  (),     :

                  (. . 1.1.1),     MRP/ERP      ,     .






. 1.1.1.  - 



ERP-      ,   ,   .   ,    ,       ,     .    ERP               . ,       ,   ERP   ,           .




1.1.1.  MRP  ERP  CSRP


,  Enterprise Requirement Planning (ERP),     ,    ,    Material Resource Planning (MRP),      . ,  MRP,    ,     , ,   ,     ,       .

      Bill Of Material (BOM),    ,         , ,   ..    ( )  .        ,            .        ,  ,    MRP  ,      ( ),        .     , BOM     MRP                  .

   MRP   .            ,   ,    ..      MRP    Manufacturing Resource Planning (  ),   MRP II.   MRP II       : , , ,  ,      .

  MRP II               .  MRP II          .    ERP,    Enterprise-wide Resource Planning (    ).    ERP      (repository),    ,      ,   , ,   ,  ,    .                  ,   .  ,   ,    ,      ,   .

   90- ,  ERP      ,            ,   - ,            .  ERP        ,  ,  MRP II   , ,   ..

:

MRP (Material Requirement Planning)      ;

MRP II (Manufacturing Resource Planning)     ;

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)      .

 MRP/ERP         APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society). MRP/ERP        ,      ,       . ,  APICS  1989 .  MRP II Standard System,  16      :

    (Sales and Operation Planning);

  (Demand Management);

   (Master Production Scheduling);

   (MRP  Material Requirement Planning);

  (Bill of Materials);

  (Inventory Transaction Subsystem);

   (Scheduled Receipts Subsystem);

     (Shop Flow Control);

   (CRP  Capacity Requirement Planning);

 /   (Input/output control);

   (Purchasing);

    (DRP  Distribution Resource Planning);

     (Tooling Planning and Control);

  (Financial Planning);

    (Simulation);

   (Performance Measurement).

        -    ,   .   MRP/ERP    1.1.1.



 1.1.1.   (Gartner Group)






        SCM (Supply Chain Management),      MRPII. SCM, ,      ,       ,      .

  ERP  . ,         ,    ERP   ,     .

ERP    .                 ,   ,        ,  .          ,       ?   ERP?   ,     ,        .






. 1.1.2.       



         ERP,      ,  ,    ERP       .     ,     .

    1.1.2  ERP      . ERP   ,  , , ,         .              ,   ERP .           .






. 1.1.3.    ERP



     -,          .    ,       -,          ,       ,       .

               .     -        ,     :  ,   .    CSRP (Customer Synchronized Resource Planning).   CSRP,        ,          ,               .       ,    ,     , ,   .          .              ,      ,  , , .

   MRP/ERP

  MRP/ERP     ,       :

 ;

 ;

 ;

 ;

;

  ;

  ;

 .

    ,    .

 

     :

1)Inventory Control   ;

2)Physical Inventory      .

             ,      ,     ;     ,    ,           ,  ..       ,           .






. 1.1.4.  



 

   :

1)Purchase Orders    ;

2)Supplier Schedules   ;

3)MRP     ,      .






. 1.1.5.  



 

    :

1)Sales Quotations   ;

2)Sales Orders / Invoices     ( );

3)Customer Schedules    ;

4)Configured Products   ;

5)Sales Analysis   ;

6)Distributed Resource Planning (DRP)    .






. 1.1.6.  



 

     ,     :

1)Product Structures   , ,        ;

2)Routings / Work Centers  / ,     , ,  ;

3)Formula / Process             () .

4)Work Orders  - ( )        ;

5)Shop Floor Control    ();

6)Repetitive    (    ).

7)Quality Management   ,          .






. 1.1.7.  





  MRP/ERP   ,        ,     .

    :

1. Product Line Planning (PLP)        ();

2. Master Scheduling Planning (MSP)        ;

3. Distribution Resource Planning (DRP)     (RCP);

4. Materials Requirements Planning (MRP)    ;

5. Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP)   .         ,     ERP- (. . 1.1.8).

  

    ,        , , ,  ,           .      :     ,  ,          ,    .






. 1.1.8.    ERP-



  

            :      .                      :           .        ,       .

 

    MRP/ERP               ,     (. . 6),     ,        .            (  ).

   :

1. General Ledger    ,         ;

2. Multiple Currency  ,      ;

3. Accounts Receivable   ;

4. Accounts Payable   ;

5. Payroll   ;

6. Cost Management   ;

7. Cash Management   ;

8. Fixed Assets    .






. 1.1.9.     



 MRP/ERP      (ERP  )  .   ,     ERP-  ,              17%,         7 %,       30%      60%.




1.1.2. CSRP        


      ,         ?           .

CSRP  ,   ERP       ,  . CSRP             .

  CSRP :

1.    (),          ERP;

2.        ,      ;

3.   ,    ,     ,     .

 

CSRP    .        .        ,                . CSRP         .

   CSRP          ,   ERP.    ?      ERP      ?   .

 :

ERP .      ,     ,       50000     . ERP              .                .       ,     ,  ,           .  ,  .     ,      ,      .

 :

ERP   .     .        .   ,      ERP  ,     "  ".   ERP   "  ",                . ,    ,          .  ,     CSRP   ,       .

 

  CSRP      .     ,     ,              ,  . "" ,               ,      ,    "" ,      . ,    ,   ,         :



  

  

    


           ?     ""    ""  ?






. 1.1.10.     



  ,          ;   ,         .                  ,   .            .     1.1.10          :   ,  ,  ,   .

      ,   .                  .      .        .

  ,    ,   ,  ,   ,   ,      .              ,  .          ,  ,    ,   .

    ,       ,  ,     ,                .   ,                   .       ,    ,           .

CSRP     ,    ,   ,     .

CSRP    ,      . CSRP             .          (  1.1.11).

      ,      ,    ,     .






. 1.1.11. CSRP   ,   



CSRP   ,     ,     . -    .

,    .         ,        .        ,         .

    .           ,   ,          .            .

        .            ,      ,     .  ,            -.

      ,           .     .

CSRP                .    CSRP       ,    .               .

       ,   .         ,   , ,   ,    .

,   Web,   ,  , ,  .     ,        .

        .   ,                ,          .

             .

                       -  .               .

          ,      .           ,       ,    ,            .

            ,    ,          .            ,      .           ,      .

    ,       -       .






. 1.1.12.  CSRP



   CSRP    ,   ,        ,        ,    ,          ,           .    ,      ,     ,      .            .

    CSRP,  -             .   CSRP     .     ,     ,  . CSRP          .

  

   CSRP .

              .    ,       ,    .  ,   ,   MRP,     ,     ,     .       .

  80- ,    ,     ,    ,         ,      .   UNIX   .

     ()         .         ,    ,            .     ,       ,  Microsoft,   ,      .     ,   ,   ,     .

          CSRP.        ,          .   ()      ,        ,    ,       . , , ,  ,    ,     ,        ,     ,               -,   CSRP     .

         ,  CSRP. CSRP  ,          ,     .                 CSRP.

 :         ,          .   ,   ,  ,    , ,         .

  CSRP       ,         - ,               .       ,    ,     , ,   .          .              ,      ,  , ,    .      .






. 1.1.13.   



  :          Web-               .     ,          .        - ,   ,  /       .      .

        CSRP .     F,  CSRP    ,        ,    .   CSRP      .     ,   ERP.



 ,       .


 !

   ,       . ,   ,      .

   ,    :

   

        ?

      ?

         ?    ?

        ?

     ?  ?

      ?

     24 ?   8 ?   1 ?

     ?

 CSRP     .

                (     ),             .

  :    ,     ?   CSRP  :



 

 

 

      .


  :          ?     , , ,   ,          ;  CSRP,   , ,        ,         .

 :  ,                  .     :



     

  

  

  ,   





1.2.   ERP-    





1.2.1.   ERP-      9000


       .        :

1.   ,    ( )    ;

2.    ,          򻠖   .

              .     , :

-          10%,  90%   .                .        MRPII, ERP, CSRP, ISO 9000;

-         ,         .      .       ,     ,       ,       Business Process Improvement (BPI).

     ,                 (     );        BPI ( );            ,        ( BPI).

             (     )  :

  ,                  ;

      ;

     ,        ,      ;

       ,   ,       ,   ,         ;

      ()           ,      ;

   ()                 ;

      ;    (           )   ;

                      (      ).

 ,          .            .            (,   ).         ,  ,    .

  ,    , :

           -  (),                      ;

        -  ERP-;

    9000        .

  1.2.1.    ERP     .    (      )    ,       (        ).

      ERP-        . .     ()       (    )      (,   .,        ). CALS-,    80 .  ,      ()  ()    (),       (  ),     (  ).   80 .          (),     CALS-,     .    :

           ERP-,     ;

       ,            ()     ,       .

 ,     ,            .     .     (     )      ,     . -         ,         .           (ERP-). ,      ,         ,    ,  .



 1.2.1.    












1.2.2. ERP-         


   - (BPI)

 ERP-        ,     -   BPI (Business Process Imrovement).   BPI ,    ,       . BPI   ,      -   (. . 1.2.1).

    -  :

I. -   ,    .     ,      ;

II.    ,     .           ;

III.    ()  -   ,     ;

IV.    -    ;

V.       .  BPI          ()     (         ).

    :

    (  BPI -),        ( );    ,     ,        ,          (       ,  ,  );

  (  BPI ),  ,      ,  -   ;      ,     ,      ;    ,     ;

  (  BPI   ),  ,       ,    ;  ,       ;                 ,     ,      ;           (  );

          ;

  (  BPI   ),  ,         (      );   ,       ;  (  )   ;       ,   ;     ;            ;




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/u-a-orlova/sovremennye-koncepcii-upravleniya-predpriyatiem/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .


