 .   ,    
 


 
             .     ,     .

   ?      ?     ,  ?

  ,   ,    ,      .       ,      .   .

         .    ,    :

     ;

     ;

   .

    . Ƞ       .



  

.

,    ,   ,    ,  ,    .

   .





 

 .  ,   



   



  .

               .



MOTHER BRAIN byChelsea Conaboy

2022 byChelsea Conaboy

Published byarrangement with Henry Holt andCompany, NewYork

  , , .  ,  , 2023


* * *


  










   ?

,   .   ,     ,   .    ?    ,   ?     ,  ?   ,    ?         .  ,  .  ,      .     .    :    ,  Johnson & Johnson,   ,   .

     .    ,  ,   ,     ,    ,  ,   .  .         .  . . .    ,  -   . , ,  .    .

    蠖  ,   ,      ,     ,   : , , ,  ,  , .   ,     ,      ,           .     . 堖  .    ,   ,  , , ,   ,   ?   堖  ?

       ? ,  .      ꠫      .         . Ƞ .

     ,     ,       :      ,      . ߠ       ,      , ,      . Ƞ          ,  ,   ,   : .      ,      ,     ,    . ߠ  ,     ,  렖 . Ƞ     .

,    ,  ,  . ߠ ,       ,  ,     ,       .      --- ,   ,     .

          1986.    - ,         ,      .   (), -       . 堖  ࠖ       ,      .      2015-,      ,             .

   ,   ,   蠖     ,        ,     :  .    :     .       ,   .  ,  ,    ,     ,  ,    .

    , , ,  ,   .       堖        ,         ,  ,        ,   .

            ,       ,    . Ƞ  ,  .   ,   . ,         ,  ,      ,     :   , ,  ,   , ,     .

   ,   ,      (  ), .      . -,         ,    . -,      ,   ,    ,     . ߠ         ,      .

,   ,      ,   ,   ,  . ʠ    ,    ,    (,   - , ).    ,    ,         .    ,      .

 .      .        ,     . ,  ,    .       젖       . ߠ ,    .

      ,    .   ,  .   ,     ,     .        - ,     . ,    -,           .  :   ,  ,     ,  ,     蠖  .

      ,  .  ,    [1 - Sara Ruddick, Maternal Thinking: Toward aPolitics ofPeace (Boston: Beacon Press, 1995), 42.       .],   -  . ,      [2 - Alexis Pauline Gumbs, China Martens andMaia Williams, eds., Revolutionary Mothering: Loveonthe Front Lines (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2016),9.],   ,      Revolutionary Mothering: Loveonthe Front Lines ( :  ).   ,  .    蠖      (  ),   .   蠖 ,   .       ,     .

     :   ,  .        .   ,   .      , ,  .

Ƞ:  ,       .        :  ,           ,     . ߠ,   젖   堖 ,        .   ,   .  ? ?       ?

      蠖       .




1.  


      ,   ,   . -  ,    - ,    - .  ,  .   ,    . Ƞ  .   ,     ,      ,       .   ,      .   ,  .  ,  , ,  .

  .      ,       ,   ,       .  ,    -,   ,      ,     ,   . . . . .

 - . Ӡ   . Ƞ ,  ,    ,  . - . , .


* * *

Ӡ    ,  , ,  .     .  ,  ,   , ,    .     ,    ,    . ,   ,      ,    ,   . ,         ,  ,    (   )  ,      , ,      ,       .   蠖  .

    .

   ,   ,          .     . ,         .         .   렖    ,   .    ,        , , ,   .  - .  ?    ?    ?      ,      (, ,   )?       .       -  .     . Ƞ    .

,    .     , 砖   砖    ,        .    , ,   .    . ,       ,   . (  , ,   ,  ,    - ,     Pixar - ,  .)

Ӡ    ,  ,    ,  ,  ,  .     ,  ,      .      ,    ,    .   ,    ,                  .    : Ѡ  .  . Ѡ        .  ,   .

ߠ,     -  , ,     . Ƞ       . ,      ,          .

     .

       .  , ,    ,  ,   ,       ,    .           ,     .   ,     ,   .        .           [3 - ࠖ   ,   ,   ,   .   ,     ,     . ..].              .

    :      . Ӡ      ,         .       .            - .   ,       .  ,   ,     ?   ,     .    .     ,    ,             .

      , ,   :     ? Ѡ      . ,         ,      ,        ,  . ߠ  ,  ,   .  : ߠ  ,  ?

      ,      ,       .     .             .      ,     . ,   ,   .  ,    ,  , ,       ,    ,   . ,   ,   .


* * *

           ,   . Ѡ   .    . ߠ  ,    ,   ,  [4 -  .    . . TheTrumpet ofthe Swan -   ,   :  , , ,  .]  ,       .     ,    , ,       .     , ,  .

    .   ,     .     ,    ,  ,      .     ,      ,   . ߠ  .

        ,  ,    ,   ,     .   . ߠ,   ,   . ߠ     ,       , ,   . ,          ,      ,  ,  :    ?      ,        , ? (,   ꠖ  ? ,   ,      ? ,         ?)    ,  ,      ,     ,    ?     , ,  -     .        ,     ,     ,    ?

 ,   .  ,   ,      , . ,  ,     . .

  , ,  ,   ,      .   -  [5 - T.Berry Brazelton, Infants andMothers: Differences inDevelopment, rev. ed. (NewYork: Dell, 1983),44.]          Infants andMothers: Differences inDevelopment ( :  ),     1969-.  ,       ,     蠫         .        , ,        ,   .

    ,    ,         ,     ꠫ [6 - Jodi L. Pawluski, Kelly G. Lambert andCraig H. Kinsley, Neuroplasticity inthe Maternal Hippocampus: Relation toCognition andEffects ofRepeated Stress inParental Care, ed. Alison S. Fleming, Frederic Lvy JoeS. Lonstein, special issue, Hormones andBehaviour 77 (January2016): 8697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004).]   .     ,           :    .

      ,       .        ,    ,     , ,    ,     ,   .     㠖   ,       .      ,  ,      ,        .   ,   ,    ,             .     .

         ,            .     ,     [7 - Michael W. OHara Katherine L. Wisner, Perinatal Mental Illness: Definition, Description andAetiology inPerinatal Mental Health: Guidance forthe Obstetrician-Gynecologist, ed. Michael W. OHara, Katherine L. Wisner andGerald F. Joseph Jr., special issue, BestPractice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 28, 1 (January, 2014): 312, https://doi.org/10/1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002 (https://doi.org/10/1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002).]   ,          .    ,     .

 ,   ,      :        [8 - Marina Pereira andAnnabel Fereira, Neuroanatomical andNeurochemical Basis ofParenting: Dynamic Coordination ofMotivational, Affective andCognitive Processes inParental Care, ed. Alison S. Fleming, Frederic Lvy JoeS. Lonstein, special issue, Hormones andBehaviour 77 (January2016): 7285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005); Pilyoung Kim, Human Maternal Brain Plasticity: Adaptation toParenting inMaternal Brain Plasticity: Preclinical andHuman Research andImplications forIntervention, special issue, NewDirections forChild andAdolescent Development 2016, 153 (Fall 2016): 4758, https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20168 (https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20168).],   ,      . ,          ,       ,   .   , ,     ,   ,     .     . ,     ,   ,  ,  , ,  ,     .

  . Ѡ                 . , ,  ,  ,   ,   ,   [9 - Elseline Hoekzema, Erika Babra-M?ller, Cristina Pozzobon, Marisol Picado, Florencio Lucco, David Garcia-Garcia, JuanCarlos Soliva etal., Pregnancy Leads toLong-Lasting Changes inHuman Brain Structure, Nature Neuroscience 20, 2 (2017): 28796, https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4458 (https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4458); Elseline Hoekzema, Chrisitian K. Tamnes, PuckBerns, Erika Barbara-M?ller, Cristina Pozzobon, Marisol Picado, Florencio Lucco etal., Becoming aMother Entails Anatomical Changes inthe Ventral Striatum ofthe Human Brain That Facilitate Its Responsiveness toOffspring Cues, Psychoneuroendocrinology 112 (February2020): 104507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104507 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104507); Pilyoung Kim, Alexander J. Dufford andRebekah C. Tribble, Cortical Thickness Variation ofthe Maternal Brain inthe First 6 Months Postpartum: Associations with Parental Self-Efficacy, Brain Structure & Function 223, 7 (September2018): 326777, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1688-z (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1688-z).].   .      ,        ,        .      .

      ,  :   ,    ,   , ,       ,    .   [10 - Alexander J. Dufford, Andrew Erhart Pilyoung Kim, Maternal Brain Resting-State Connectivity inthe Postpartum Period, inPapers from theParental Brain 2018 Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July2018, special issue, Journal ofNeuroendocrinology 31, 9 (September2019): e12737, https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12737 (https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12737).] ,      ,        .    ,     ࠖ ,     . ,   [11 - Edwina R. Orchard, Phillip G. D. Ward, Sidhant Chopra, Elsdon Storey, GaryF. EganandSharna D. Jamadar, Neuroprotective Effects ofMotherhood onBrain Function inLate Life: AResting-State fMRI Study, Cerebral Cortex 31, 2 (February2021): 127083, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293 (https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293).]     , , ,  ,    ࠖ    ,       .

   ,   ࠖ  ,   , ,        .    .   .  ,    .

    ,   .    .    ,      ,  . . ,     ,     . ,  ,   ,    ,   .    :   ?         ? :     ?

,    ,    ,     ,          ,           .  ,    ,    , ꠫      ꠖ  .

,   ,     .   ,       ;    ,   ;     ,  ,   . ,       ,   ,    ,   , , , .      [12 - Edwina R. Orchard, Phillip G. D. Ward, Sidhant Chopra, Elsdon Storey, GaryF. EganandSharna D. Jamadar, Relationship between Parenthood andCortical Thickness inLate Adulthood, PLoS ONE 15, 7 (July28, 2020): 0236031, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236031 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236031).] .   ,      ,    .    .

      ,     ,     , . ,  ,    ,     .   ,   ,          .    ,      .   .

  ,  ,   ,   ,   ,  .   ,    ,   :  .     .  ,     ,        .           ,    ,    .

,  , ,         ,       [13 - Shir Atzil, Talma Hendler, OrnaZagoory-Sharon, Yonatan Winetraub andRuth Feldman, Synchrony andSpecificity inthe Maternal andthe Paternal Brain: Relations toOxytocin andVasopressin, Journal ofthe American Academy ofChild andAdolescent Psychiatry 51, 8 (August2012): 798811, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.06.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.06.008); Shir Atzil, Talma Hendler andRuth Feldman, TheBrain Basis ofSocial Synchrony, Social Cognitive andAffective Neuroscience 9, 8 (August2014): 1193202, https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst105 (https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst105).],     .      [14 - Helena J. V. Rutherford, Norah S. Wallace, Heidemarie K. Laurent andLinda C. Mayes, Emotion Regulation inParenthood, Development Review 36 (June2015): 114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.008).],    蠖  蠖    ( ,  ),    .   [15 - Pereira andFerreira, Neuroanatomical andNeurochemical Basis ofParenting, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005).] 堖  堖      ,     ,     ,          .     ,     ,     [16 - Orchard etal., Neuroprotective Effects ofMotherhood, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293 (https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293).]    .

,    ,   ,   ,  .    ,       [17 -   (. Softlaw)   ,      . ..] ,  ,   .  [18 - J. S. Rosenblatt, Psychobiology ofMaternal Behavior: Contribution tothe Clinical Understanding ofMaternal Behaviour among Humans, supplement, ActaPaediatrica 83,  s397 (June1994): 38, https://doi.org/10/1111/j.16512227.1994.tb13259.x (https://doi.org/10/1111/j.1651%E2%80%932227.1994.tb13259.x).] ,   堖            .       :  ,     .

    蠖 ,   ,     ,      .   ,     ,     蠖 ,       ?    ,  ,   ,     ?        ?   ,   ,    ? ,   ,        ,      ?  :  ,     ,    ?       ?    ,    ?

 ,              ,     . ,     ,  ,  , ,    ,   ,  ,    ,    ( ),     .    ,       ,   ,      .             .    ,   .    -   .

   堖 ,       :  .  , 젖 .          ,     . .     .     . ,   ,    .        ,       ?


* * *

     -.  ,   ,  ,  .       ,    : ,     ,    蠖 .   1960-        ,  ,   ,    .

 -  ,               ,     .  ,  [19 - Jay S. Rosenblatt Obituary, Legacy, inNewYork Times, February19, 2014, https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/nytimes/169759170 (https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/nytimes/169759170).]        ࠖ     , .

             ⠖        ,         ,    , ,        .    [20 - Frank A. Beach Jr., TheNeural Basis ofInnate Behavior. I. Effects ofCortical Lesions upon theMaternal Behavior Pattern inthe Rat, Journal ofComparative Psychology 24, 3 (1937): 393440, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0059606 (https://doi.org/10.1037/h0059606).],  1937   ,   .    . ,    ,     頖 ,  . 廠  , .  .

-     ,   ,     ,    ,    .    1950[21 - J. P. Scott andMary-Vesta Marston, Critical Periods Affecting theDevelopment ofNormal andMal-Adjustive Social Behavior ofPuppies, Pedagogical Seminary andJournal ofGenetic Psychology 77, 1 (1950): 2560, https://doi.org/10.1080/08856559.1950.10533536 (https://doi.org/10.1080/08856559.1950.10533536).]    ,        ,  . ,  ,   .   , ,       .

Ӡ     .      ,    ࠖ  ,    :           . ,        ,        . ʠ 1950-         ,  ,   ,   ,     .      ,          ,  ,   ,          ,  .   ,      ,        ,      .

 ,  [22 - Marga Vicedo, TheNature andNurture ofLove: FromImprinting toAttachment inCold War America (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2013), 58; Konrad Z. Lorenz, TheCompanion inthe Birds World, Auk54, 3 (July1937): 24573, https://doi.org/10.2307/4078077 (https://doi.org/10.2307/4078077); Konrad Lorenz, Studies inAnimal andHuman Behaviour, trans. Robert Martin (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970), 1:244, https://archive.org/details/studiesinanimalh01lore (https://archive.org/details/studiesinanimalh01lore).     . ʠ ,      ,        ,   .         1890.]    ,       ,     ,   .    TheNature andNurture ofLove: FromImprinting toAttachment inCold War America (   :      )      ,           ,   .   ,  , .          ,       -.

        ,        .   [23 - 3 Behavioral Science Pioneers Win Nobel Prize forMedicine, NewYork Times, October12, 1973, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/12/archives/3-behavioral-science-pioneers-win-nobel-prize-for-medicine-3.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/12/archives/3-behavioral-science-pioneers-win-nobel-prize-for-medicine-3.html).] ,  1973  ,       ,     .  [24 - Walter Sullivan, Questions Raised onLorenzs Prize, NewYork Times, December15, 1973, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/15/archives/question-raised-on-lorenzs-prize-scientific-journal-here-cites.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/15/archives/question-raised-on-lorenzs-prize-scientific-journal-here-cites.html).]   , ,  1938-   , , ,    , .     ,       ,       .          ,    ,     ,     .

 [25 - Vicedo, Nature andNurture ofLove, 5862.], ,    ,  ,  ,   ,    ,   ,   ,   .        .      ,        . ,      , , ,     ,       ,  .

 ,     ,     ,      ,   .     . Ƞ 1955-      Life:  [26 - AnAdopted Mother Goose: Filling aParents Role, aScientist Studies Goslings Behavior, Life, August22, 1955,73.], ,   , 堖 :  -. Ӡ  [27 - Vicedo, Nature andNurture ofLove, 6064.]    ,               .  ,        ,      ,   , ,  .    ,    ,    ,     ,         ,  , ,   ,   . ,     [28 -    ,   ,   ,  ,         :  ,          .      ,       , ,  ,     ,   .     ,    :   ,    . Konrad Lorenz, Civilized Mans Eight Deadly Sins (NewYork: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974).]  ,       .   1977    NewYork Times[29 - Vicedo, Nature andNurture ofLove, 21619; Paul Hofmann, Nobel Laureate Watches Fish forClues toHuman Violence, NewYork Times, May8, 1977, https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/08/archives/nobel-laureate-watches-fish-for-clues-to-human-violence.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/08/archives/nobel-laureate-watches-fish-for-clues-to-human-violence.html).],     ,       .  ,       ,      .

       .  ࠖ   , ,  ,  ,   ,     ,            . Ƞ         .

   ,         ,          ,     . Ƞ    ,   ,   .  . .   .   . -        ,        ࠖ ,  ,       ,   ,  ,     .         ,      .  ,          , ,  ,  ,   .  ,   ?


* * *

    .     ,      .  [30 - T. C. Schneirla, Behavioral Development andComparative Psychology, Quarterly Review ofBiology 41, 3 (September1966): 283302, https://doi.org/10.1086/405056 (https://doi.org/10.1086/405056).],  ,     ,   - ,        . ,  ,  ,      ,      ,   ,   .     :       ,     ()       ()  .

   ,    ,    ,     . ,      [31 - Jay S. Rosenblatt, Gerald Turkewitz andT.C. Shneirla, Development ofSuckling andRelated Behavior inNeonate Kittens, inRoots ofBehavior: Genetics, Instinct, andSocialization inAnimal Behavior, ed. Eugene L. Bliss (NewYork: Hafner, 1968), 198210, htttps://archive.org/details/rootsobehaviorg0000blis.],         .    ,               ,      . ,     ,     ,  ,   ,         . ,   ,   ,      ,  ,   . ,     ,  ,    .

       ,      ,  .        . ,    ,   .         ,      ,         .       ,     .

       : ,  ,    ,   ,       . ,  ,     .  1958      ,     .   ,      ,    [32 - Daniel S. Lehrman, ACritique ofKonrad Lorenzs Theory ofInstinctive Behavior, Quarterly Review ofBiology 28, 4 (December1953): 33763, https://doi.org/10.1086/399858 (https://doi.org/10.1086/399858).],         .         ,      ,    .

     ,   .    ,    .  ,     .   .     .  -   ,   .        .    :       ,     .       [33 -     ,     ,  .],,  ,   .   ,   ,   .     [34 - Jay S. Rosenblatt andDaniel S. Lehrman, Maternal Behavior ofthe Laboratory Rat, inMaternal Behavior inMammals, ed. Harriet Lange Rheingold (NewYork: Wiley, 1963), 857.   Maternal Behavior inMammals    ,                  ,   . ߠ        ,     ,             :         ,             ,    .    .       ,    :   ,   . ,         ,    .     ,   ,    - ,       .  ,    ,    , ,       .   ,    ,    .],   , 1963     ,     .  ,   ,         .  .

     ,     ,  .      .                  . ,      -,      ,      ,    .  , -    ,    .   .

 1967- [35 - J. S. Rosenblatt, Nonhormonal Basis ofMaternal Behavior inthe Rat, Science 156, 3781 (June16, 1967): 151214, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3781.1512 (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3781.1512).]   ,         .  [36 - Jay S. Rosenblatt, Views onthe Onset andMaintenance ofMaternal Behavior inthe Rat, inDevelopment andEvolution ofBehavior: Essays inMemory ofT.C. Schneirla, ed. Lester R. Aronson, Ethel Tobach, Daniel S. Lehrman andJayS. Rosenblatt (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1970), 496, https://archive.org/detais/developmentevolu00aron (https://archive.org/detais/developmentevolu00aron).]        ,      ,      .          -,   ,       ,    .   ,   , ,  .    ,    ,    ,  ,   , -.

, ,      ,    .          ,    .  ,  ,  堖   [37 - Rosenblatt, Views onthe Onset andMaintenance ofMaternal Behavior inthe Rat, 498.  ,          .     ,          . ߠ,     , ꠫      . ߠ    , ,    .    ,  ,  ,   .   TheMermaid andthe Minotaur ( )         .  1971-,  ,       (Womens Rights Project)     ,      ,     -.]. Ƞ   . .  ,   ,         .

- - . Ӡ     ,  ,    [38 - Lisa Feldman Barrett, Seven anda Half Lessons about theBrain (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020), 1922.],    . ,        ,      .          ,     .        ,    ࠖ   ,          .          . Ӡ     ,           ,    .     ,      ,   .        ,     ,    .

,      1960-   ,         .              [39 - Alison S. Fleming, Michael Numan andRobert S. Bridges, Father ofMothering: JayS. Rosenblatt, Hormones andBehavior 55, 4 (April2009): 48487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.01.001 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.01.001).].       ,    ,        .  [40 - Joseph S. Lonstein, Frdric Lvy andAlison S. Fleming, Common andDivergent Psychobiological Mechanisms Underlying Maternal Behavior inNon-Human andHuman Mammals, Hormones andBehavior 73 (July2015): 15685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011).]  ,           ,  ,   ,   ,       ,       .

     ,      ,      . ,          ,      . ,   ,         ,    .      ,        ,   ,       .  .   ,    ,     ,   ,  ,     . Ƞ   .

    ,       ,    .  [41 - Eyal Abraham andRuth Feldman, TheNeurobiology ofHuman Allomaternal Care: Implications forFathering, Coparenting, andChildrens Social Development, inEvolutionary Perspectives onNon-Maternal Care inMammals: Physiology, Behavior, andDevelopmental Effects, ed. Stacy Rosenbaum andLeeT. Gettler, special issue, Physiology & Behavior 193, part  (September1, 2018): 2534, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.034 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.034).] ,  ,     ,   ,  .      ,    ,    .  ,          ,  ,    .

, ,   ,    ,   . . .          ,  ,      堖 젖     ,        .   ,    ,   .

       . ,  ,   ,        ,   ,    .           ,   !    ,            .      ,   , ,   ,      . ߠ:     ,   2014?     ?   ?

  ,   ,       1972-,         .         ,  ,    [42 - Kirsten Swinth, Feminisms Forgotten Fight: TheUnfinished Struggle forWork andFamily (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), 4269.] (   ,     ),       ,     .        ,    : ,   .     .      ,      .

  ,       .  堖   ,  .  ,   . Ӡ   . Ƞ      .     .

Ӡ     ,    , ,  ,    ,    . ߠ,     ,  ,     .        ,   ,     ,       .  ,   ,   .

           ,  .        .      1975,  ,       .       . Ƞ   .        ,     ,     . ߠ  ,  .

  .   . ,    :     ,       .  2015   [43 - Lonstein, Lvy andFleming, Common andDivergent Psychobiological Mechanisms Underlying Maternal Behaviors, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011).]      ,   ,  .      ,      . ,  , ,      .  ,    ࠖ  ,   ,       蠖    ,   .  ,     ,   ,  .      ,       ,  ?

       ,  ,     .     ,      ,    ,    : . ,  .   .   ,   .   ,  , ,    . ,      .   , .


* * *

,   ,     , .     ,     .     ,     ,        ,      ,    ,               .    ,      , , ,      .     ,   , ,           .

       -   ,         I.      ,    Mommy Brain Revisited (  ).  2020-    -,    .     堖   ,      ,   .       ,     . ,    ,   . :   .          ,    ,  ,  .      .  .

         [44 - Pawluski, Lambert andKinsley, Neuroplasticity inthe Maternal Hippocampus, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004).]  Hormones andBehavior  2016,   ,    .  , ,    ,       .   蠫   ,  ,       . ,  ,     ,     .

,    , : ,   , ?!

      ,  ,          .   ,    ,  ,    ,  -, ,  , ,     .       -,          . Ƞ   [45 - TheTeen Brain: 7Things toKnow, National Institute ofMental Health,  2020, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know/index.shtml (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know/index.shtml).]  ,    ,   .   ,       .         ,     ,     .       -     ,  .    [46 -  , ,      TheTeenage Brain: ANeuroscientists Survival Guide toRaising Adolescents andYoung Adults, NewYork: Harper, 2015 (  :  . ., . . .     . ., 2021. . .),        .    ,     Time. ,       . Alexandra Sifferlin, WhyTeenage Brains Are SoHard toUnderstand, Time, September8, 2017, https://time.com/4929170/inside-teen-teenage-brain/ (https://time.com/4929170/inside-teen-teenage-brain/).]   ,       , ,   ,  ,  .  , ,   .

   ,  ,   ,  ,     . ,    ,  ,  .  ,    ,      ,   .    ,   -  .      .    ,     .      .    ,    ,     :  ! ,   . ߠ  !

    ,  ,   ,   .           ,   .  ,     .     ,  ,   .          ,   .   . . ,  ,    ,    ,  ,      .

  ,   .   ,      ,    ,      .      (#g2),      ,     ,   .   . .     -   , -      ,    .      :  ! ,   . ߠ  !

  2018[47 - Chelsea Conaboy, Motherhood Brings theMost Dramatic Brain Changes ofa Womans Life, Globe Magazine, Boston Globe, July17, 2018, https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2018/07/17/pregnant-women-care-ignores-one-most-profound-changes-new-mom-faces/CF5wyP0b5EGCcZ8fzLUWbP/story.html (https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2018/07/17/pregnant-women-care-ignores-one-most-profound-changes-new-mom-faces/CF5wyP0b5EGCcZ8fzLUWbP/story.html).]               TheBoston Globe. ߠ   ,  ,    ,       .     ,    .         TheWeek :  ?    ,    : ,       ,   .      .     ,    . ߠ, ,   , .       ,    .

  .   ,    ,     ,   ,  젖  ,   .       ,   ,    .   ,  ,     ,        ,    .    . ,   .




2.   ?


 ,      , ,      -,  .   , ,   ,  .  ,  : . ߠ .

  .    .    .   ,    .    .  ,         .   ,     ,           ,    -.     . ,  ,    ,     .   .

     ,  .    ? ,    ,  .    ,   ,  젖      . ʠ ,     ,         Woodhull Medical Center.          ,         .   ,       ,          .      ,    .   ,      ,      ,  ,     ,          . ,           ,   .

   ?  .     .   .

      ꠖ  .    .

, ,  ࠖ       ,  .       [48 - Darwins Women, Darwin Correspondence Project, University ofCambridge, YouTube video, 19:45, posted September8, 2013, Cambridge University, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qZxa3WjZQg&t=595s (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3d9qZxa3WjZQg%26t%3d595s).]:  ,    ,       ,     .    , ,    1859     Π .  ,         ,           ,   .

         .  ,      ,     ,       .             ,       .   [49 - Charles Darwin, TheDescent ofMan, andSelection inRelation toSex(repr., London: Penguin Classics, 2004), 128. ( .    . ..)]     ,  ,    ,   ⠫ .  ,   ,  -  ,    , ,   .        ,   .

     ,  ,    ,       .  ,     ,    ,    ,     .    .     ,    ,        ,  ,    ,    . Ƞ          ,     .          ,    .      .  ,    ,    ( ,  ),   ,  , ,  ,   .

        ,     .      ,     ,   ,   .     .     .   ,  ?   .   ,        ,     .  ,      ,     ,  , .

      :    ,  ,  ,      .   . ,   ,   ,   ,     .  ,      , ,      ,  ,       ,     ,  .


* * *

 ,      ,   :   ,   ,    .   .   ,    ,       ,  젖  젖      .      ,       ,          .   TheMyths ofMotherhood: HowCulture Reinvents theGood Mother ( :      )    ,        ,        .       , ,  ,    ,   堖       ,      ,     .       ,   .

      .  [50 - Carol Meyers, Rediscovering Eve: Ancient Israelite Women inContext (Oxford andNewYork: Oxford University Press, 2012), 6365.        (,   ,  ,     ꠫ )         -.      軠  ,  .],  ,      ,        .  ,    ,      ;            .   ,    , ,         .  ,    렖     ?

      ,  .   蠖   蠖      蠖    ,      .         .       ,     ,  ,     ,    .       젖    ,     .

            .  [51 - Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, GoodWives: Image andReality inthe Lives ofWomen inNorthern New England, 16501750, reissue ed. (NewYork: Vintage, 1991), 239; Meyers, Rediscovering Eve, 12125.]       ,    , ,  .      ,  .      ,     ,  ,  ,   .   ,       .

Ӡ [52 - Ulrich, GoodWives,157.]      .       ,      - .        ,      ,    ,       Good Wives: Image andReality inthe Lives ofWomen inNorthern New England, 16501750 ( :        16501750- ).    , . ʠ     :  , ,  ,    ,    ,       .     [53 - Ulrich, GoodWives, 23840.]           , ,  ,   ,    .

,   .    ,  ,  ,   ,    ,    ,  .

  [54 - Kim Anderson, Giving Life tothe People: AnIndigenous Ideology ofMotherhood, inMaternal Theory: Essential Readings, ed. Andrea OReilly (Bradford, Canada: Demeter Press, 2007), 76181.]       ,     ,      ,      (-        ).  ,        堖     , ,         .       ,    Giving Life tothe People (  )  ,    .          ,  .      ,      , ⠖   . ,    ,    [55 - Margaret D. Jacobs, Maternal Colonialism: White Women andIndigenous Child Removal inthe American West andAustralia, 18801940, Western Historical Quarterly 36, 4 (Winter 2005): 45376, htttps://doi.org/10.2307/25443236.].      [56 - Amanda Coletta andMichael E. Miller, Hundreds ofGraves Found atFormer Residential School forIndigenous Children inCanada, Washington Post, June24, 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/23/canada-cowessess-residential-school-graves/ (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/23/canada-cowessess-residential-school-graves/); Brad Brooks, Native Americans Decry Unmarked Graves, Untold History ofBoarding Schools, Reuters, June22, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/native-americans-decry-unmarked-graves-untold-history-boarding-schools-2021-06-22/ (https://www.reuters.com/world/us/native-americans-decry-unmarked-graves-untold-history-boarding-schools-2021-06-22/).].      .  ,  ,  . -   䠓-锻,  .

 ,  [57 - Marie Jenkins Schwartz, Birthing aSlave: Motherhood andMedicine inthe Antebellum South (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), 1331; Angela Y. Davis, Women, Race& Class (NewYork: Random House, 1981), 15. (       , , . ..).]   ,       .  ,   ,      ,  ,          . ʠ  ꠫   .    1820-    ,      ,  ,       . ʠ        ,          , ,    ,     .         ,      ,     , , .   ,       ,  ,   ,    .

Ѡ          ,       . Ƞ       .     .     .    [58 - Meyers, Rediscovering Eve, 52, 121; Elinor Accampo, Blessed Motherhood, Bitter Fruit: Nelly Roussel andthe Politics ofFemale Pain inThird Republic France (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), 3; Shari L. Thurer, TheMyths ofMotherhood: HowCulture Reinvents theGood Mother (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1994),183.]      .      .   ,   .     ,   .  [59 - Thurer, Myths ofMotherhood,184.], ,   , ,   ,  , ,        ,  .      ,   [60 - Stephanie Coontz, TheWayWe Never Were: American Families andthe Nostalgia Trap (NewYork: Basic Books, 1992), 5253.]        ,    .      . ,    ,     , ,             ,      TheWayWeNever Were: American Families andthe Nostalgia Trap (   :    ).     ,     .    ,      .

 [61 - Thurer, Myths ofMotherhood, 19598; Kimberly A. Hamlin, FromEvetoEvolution: Darwin, Science, andWomens Rights inGilded Age America, reprint ed. (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2015), 67.]  ,   ,      .     ,    ,      ,  .   ,  ,   ,  .    .    ,     .     .   [62 - Accampo, Blessed Motherhood, Bitter Fruit,3.]     .    ,     ,  -        .   .

, ,  .        ,      ,   .    ,          .  [63 - Edward Higgs andAmanda Wilkinson, Women, Occupations andWork inthe Victorian Censuses Revisited, History Workshop Journal 81, 1 (1977): 87108.]    ,             ,        .

   [64 - Claudia Goldin, Female Labor Force Participation: TheOrigin ofBlack andWhite Differences, 1870 and1880, Journal ofEconomic History 37, 1 (1977): 87108.]        ,       .  ,       1880,     ,    .         ,     ,    .       ,  ,      ,  ,      ,    . ,     ,          ,  .

    [65 - Coventry Patmore, TheAngel inthe House (London: Cassel andCo, 1887).]    .   ,    . ,              , , ,     ,   .    [66 - Coontz, TheWayWe Never Were, 1112.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=69556237)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Sara Ruddick, Maternal Thinking: Toward aPolitics ofPeace (Boston: Beacon Press, 1995), 42.       .




2


Alexis Pauline Gumbs, China Martens andMaia Williams, eds., Revolutionary Mothering: Loveonthe Front Lines (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2016),9.




3


ࠖ   ,   ,   ,   .   ,     ,     . ..




4


 .    . . TheTrumpet ofthe Swan -   ,   :  , , ,  .




5


T.Berry Brazelton, Infants andMothers: Differences inDevelopment, rev. ed. (NewYork: Dell, 1983),44.




6


Jodi L. Pawluski, Kelly G. Lambert andCraig H. Kinsley, Neuroplasticity inthe Maternal Hippocampus: Relation toCognition andEffects ofRepeated Stress inParental Care, ed. Alison S. Fleming, Frederic Lvy JoeS. Lonstein, special issue, Hormones andBehaviour 77 (January2016): 8697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004).




7


Michael W. OHara Katherine L. Wisner, Perinatal Mental Illness: Definition, Description andAetiology inPerinatal Mental Health: Guidance forthe Obstetrician-Gynecologist, ed. Michael W. OHara, Katherine L. Wisner andGerald F. Joseph Jr., special issue, BestPractice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 28, 1 (January, 2014): 312, https://doi.org/10/1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002 (https://doi.org/10/1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002).




8


Marina Pereira andAnnabel Fereira, Neuroanatomical andNeurochemical Basis ofParenting: Dynamic Coordination ofMotivational, Affective andCognitive Processes inParental Care, ed. Alison S. Fleming, Frederic Lvy JoeS. Lonstein, special issue, Hormones andBehaviour 77 (January2016): 7285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005); Pilyoung Kim, Human Maternal Brain Plasticity: Adaptation toParenting inMaternal Brain Plasticity: Preclinical andHuman Research andImplications forIntervention, special issue, NewDirections forChild andAdolescent Development 2016, 153 (Fall 2016): 4758, https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20168 (https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20168).




9


Elseline Hoekzema, Erika Babra-M?ller, Cristina Pozzobon, Marisol Picado, Florencio Lucco, David Garcia-Garcia, JuanCarlos Soliva etal., Pregnancy Leads toLong-Lasting Changes inHuman Brain Structure, Nature Neuroscience 20, 2 (2017): 28796, https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4458 (https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4458); Elseline Hoekzema, Chrisitian K. Tamnes, PuckBerns, Erika Barbara-M?ller, Cristina Pozzobon, Marisol Picado, Florencio Lucco etal., Becoming aMother Entails Anatomical Changes inthe Ventral Striatum ofthe Human Brain That Facilitate Its Responsiveness toOffspring Cues, Psychoneuroendocrinology 112 (February2020): 104507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104507 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104507); Pilyoung Kim, Alexander J. Dufford andRebekah C. Tribble, Cortical Thickness Variation ofthe Maternal Brain inthe First 6 Months Postpartum: Associations with Parental Self-Efficacy, Brain Structure & Function 223, 7 (September2018): 326777, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1688-z (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-018-1688-z).




10


Alexander J. Dufford, Andrew Erhart Pilyoung Kim, Maternal Brain Resting-State Connectivity inthe Postpartum Period, inPapers from theParental Brain 2018 Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July2018, special issue, Journal ofNeuroendocrinology 31, 9 (September2019): e12737, https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12737 (https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12737).




11


Edwina R. Orchard, Phillip G. D. Ward, Sidhant Chopra, Elsdon Storey, GaryF. EganandSharna D. Jamadar, Neuroprotective Effects ofMotherhood onBrain Function inLate Life: AResting-State fMRI Study, Cerebral Cortex 31, 2 (February2021): 127083, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293 (https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293).




12


Edwina R. Orchard, Phillip G. D. Ward, Sidhant Chopra, Elsdon Storey, GaryF. EganandSharna D. Jamadar, Relationship between Parenthood andCortical Thickness inLate Adulthood, PLoS ONE 15, 7 (July28, 2020): 0236031, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236031 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236031).




13


Shir Atzil, Talma Hendler, OrnaZagoory-Sharon, Yonatan Winetraub andRuth Feldman, Synchrony andSpecificity inthe Maternal andthe Paternal Brain: Relations toOxytocin andVasopressin, Journal ofthe American Academy ofChild andAdolescent Psychiatry 51, 8 (August2012): 798811, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.06.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.06.008); Shir Atzil, Talma Hendler andRuth Feldman, TheBrain Basis ofSocial Synchrony, Social Cognitive andAffective Neuroscience 9, 8 (August2014): 1193202, https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst105 (https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst105).




14


Helena J. V. Rutherford, Norah S. Wallace, Heidemarie K. Laurent andLinda C. Mayes, Emotion Regulation inParenthood, Development Review 36 (June2015): 114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.008).




15


Pereira andFerreira, Neuroanatomical andNeurochemical Basis ofParenting, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005).




16


Orchard etal., Neuroprotective Effects ofMotherhood, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293 (https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa293).




17


  (. Softlaw)   ,      . ..




18


J. S. Rosenblatt, Psychobiology ofMaternal Behavior: Contribution tothe Clinical Understanding ofMaternal Behaviour among Humans, supplement, ActaPaediatrica 83,  s397 (June1994): 38, https://doi.org/10/1111/j.16512227.1994.tb13259.x (https://doi.org/10/1111/j.1651%E2%80%932227.1994.tb13259.x).




19


Jay S. Rosenblatt Obituary, Legacy, inNewYork Times, February19, 2014, https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/nytimes/169759170 (https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/nytimes/169759170).




20


Frank A. Beach Jr., TheNeural Basis ofInnate Behavior. I. Effects ofCortical Lesions upon theMaternal Behavior Pattern inthe Rat, Journal ofComparative Psychology 24, 3 (1937): 393440, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0059606 (https://doi.org/10.1037/h0059606).




21


J. P. Scott andMary-Vesta Marston, Critical Periods Affecting theDevelopment ofNormal andMal-Adjustive Social Behavior ofPuppies, Pedagogical Seminary andJournal ofGenetic Psychology 77, 1 (1950): 2560, https://doi.org/10.1080/08856559.1950.10533536 (https://doi.org/10.1080/08856559.1950.10533536).




22


Marga Vicedo, TheNature andNurture ofLove: FromImprinting toAttachment inCold War America (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2013), 58; Konrad Z. Lorenz, TheCompanion inthe Birds World, Auk54, 3 (July1937): 24573, https://doi.org/10.2307/4078077 (https://doi.org/10.2307/4078077); Konrad Lorenz, Studies inAnimal andHuman Behaviour, trans. Robert Martin (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970), 1:244, https://archive.org/details/studiesinanimalh01lore (https://archive.org/details/studiesinanimalh01lore).     . ʠ ,      ,        ,   .         1890.




23


3 Behavioral Science Pioneers Win Nobel Prize forMedicine, NewYork Times, October12, 1973, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/12/archives/3-behavioral-science-pioneers-win-nobel-prize-for-medicine-3.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/12/archives/3-behavioral-science-pioneers-win-nobel-prize-for-medicine-3.html).




24


Walter Sullivan, Questions Raised onLorenzs Prize, NewYork Times, December15, 1973, https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/15/archives/question-raised-on-lorenzs-prize-scientific-journal-here-cites.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/15/archives/question-raised-on-lorenzs-prize-scientific-journal-here-cites.html).




25


Vicedo, Nature andNurture ofLove, 5862.




26


AnAdopted Mother Goose: Filling aParents Role, aScientist Studies Goslings Behavior, Life, August22, 1955,73.




27


Vicedo, Nature andNurture ofLove, 6064.




28


   ,   ,   ,  ,         :  ,          .      ,       , ,  ,     ,   .     ,    :   ,    . Konrad Lorenz, Civilized Mans Eight Deadly Sins (NewYork: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974).




29


Vicedo, Nature andNurture ofLove, 21619; Paul Hofmann, Nobel Laureate Watches Fish forClues toHuman Violence, NewYork Times, May8, 1977, https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/08/archives/nobel-laureate-watches-fish-for-clues-to-human-violence.html (https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/08/archives/nobel-laureate-watches-fish-for-clues-to-human-violence.html).




30


T. C. Schneirla, Behavioral Development andComparative Psychology, Quarterly Review ofBiology 41, 3 (September1966): 283302, https://doi.org/10.1086/405056 (https://doi.org/10.1086/405056).




31


Jay S. Rosenblatt, Gerald Turkewitz andT.C. Shneirla, Development ofSuckling andRelated Behavior inNeonate Kittens, inRoots ofBehavior: Genetics, Instinct, andSocialization inAnimal Behavior, ed. Eugene L. Bliss (NewYork: Hafner, 1968), 198210, htttps://archive.org/details/rootsobehaviorg0000blis.




32


Daniel S. Lehrman, ACritique ofKonrad Lorenzs Theory ofInstinctive Behavior, Quarterly Review ofBiology 28, 4 (December1953): 33763, https://doi.org/10.1086/399858 (https://doi.org/10.1086/399858).




33


    ,     ,  .




34


Jay S. Rosenblatt andDaniel S. Lehrman, Maternal Behavior ofthe Laboratory Rat, inMaternal Behavior inMammals, ed. Harriet Lange Rheingold (NewYork: Wiley, 1963), 857.   Maternal Behavior inMammals    ,                  ,   . ߠ        ,     ,             :         ,             ,    .    .       ,    :   ,   . ,         ,    .     ,   ,    - ,       .  ,    ,    , ,       .   ,    ,    .




35


J. S. Rosenblatt, Nonhormonal Basis ofMaternal Behavior inthe Rat, Science 156, 3781 (June16, 1967): 151214, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3781.1512 (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3781.1512).




36


Jay S. Rosenblatt, Views onthe Onset andMaintenance ofMaternal Behavior inthe Rat, inDevelopment andEvolution ofBehavior: Essays inMemory ofT.C. Schneirla, ed. Lester R. Aronson, Ethel Tobach, Daniel S. Lehrman andJayS. Rosenblatt (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1970), 496, https://archive.org/detais/developmentevolu00aron (https://archive.org/detais/developmentevolu00aron).




37


Rosenblatt, Views onthe Onset andMaintenance ofMaternal Behavior inthe Rat, 498.  ,          .     ,          . ߠ,     , ꠫      . ߠ    , ,    .    ,  ,  ,   .   TheMermaid andthe Minotaur ( )         .  1971-,  ,       (Womens Rights Project)     ,      ,     -.




38


Lisa Feldman Barrett, Seven anda Half Lessons about theBrain (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2020), 1922.




39


Alison S. Fleming, Michael Numan andRobert S. Bridges, Father ofMothering: JayS. Rosenblatt, Hormones andBehavior 55, 4 (April2009): 48487, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.01.001 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.01.001).




40


Joseph S. Lonstein, Frdric Lvy andAlison S. Fleming, Common andDivergent Psychobiological Mechanisms Underlying Maternal Behavior inNon-Human andHuman Mammals, Hormones andBehavior 73 (July2015): 15685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011).




41


Eyal Abraham andRuth Feldman, TheNeurobiology ofHuman Allomaternal Care: Implications forFathering, Coparenting, andChildrens Social Development, inEvolutionary Perspectives onNon-Maternal Care inMammals: Physiology, Behavior, andDevelopmental Effects, ed. Stacy Rosenbaum andLeeT. Gettler, special issue, Physiology & Behavior 193, part  (September1, 2018): 2534, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.034 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.034).




42


Kirsten Swinth, Feminisms Forgotten Fight: TheUnfinished Struggle forWork andFamily (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), 4269.




43


Lonstein, Lvy andFleming, Common andDivergent Psychobiological Mechanisms Underlying Maternal Behaviors, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011).




44


Pawluski, Lambert andKinsley, Neuroplasticity inthe Maternal Hippocampus, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.004).




45


TheTeen Brain: 7Things toKnow, National Institute ofMental Health,  2020, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know/index.shtml (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know/index.shtml).




46


 , ,      TheTeenage Brain: ANeuroscientists Survival Guide toRaising Adolescents andYoung Adults, NewYork: Harper, 2015 (  :  . ., . . .     . ., 2021. . .),        .    ,     Time. ,       . Alexandra Sifferlin, WhyTeenage Brains Are SoHard toUnderstand, Time, September8, 2017, https://time.com/4929170/inside-teen-teenage-brain/ (https://time.com/4929170/inside-teen-teenage-brain/).




47


Chelsea Conaboy, Motherhood Brings theMost Dramatic Brain Changes ofa Womans Life, Globe Magazine, Boston Globe, July17, 2018, https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2018/07/17/pregnant-women-care-ignores-one-most-profound-changes-new-mom-faces/CF5wyP0b5EGCcZ8fzLUWbP/story.html (https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2018/07/17/pregnant-women-care-ignores-one-most-profound-changes-new-mom-faces/CF5wyP0b5EGCcZ8fzLUWbP/story.html).




48


Darwins Women, Darwin Correspondence Project, University ofCambridge, YouTube video, 19:45, posted September8, 2013, Cambridge University, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qZxa3WjZQg&t=595s (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3d9qZxa3WjZQg%26t%3d595s).




49


Charles Darwin, TheDescent ofMan, andSelection inRelation toSex(repr., London: Penguin Classics, 2004), 128. ( .    . ..)




50


Carol Meyers, Rediscovering Eve: Ancient Israelite Women inContext (Oxford andNewYork: Oxford University Press, 2012), 6365.        (,   ,  ,     ꠫ )         -.      軠  ,  .




51


Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, GoodWives: Image andReality inthe Lives ofWomen inNorthern New England, 16501750, reissue ed. (NewYork: Vintage, 1991), 239; Meyers, Rediscovering Eve, 12125.




52


Ulrich, GoodWives,157.




53


Ulrich, GoodWives, 23840.




54


Kim Anderson, Giving Life tothe People: AnIndigenous Ideology ofMotherhood, inMaternal Theory: Essential Readings, ed. Andrea OReilly (Bradford, Canada: Demeter Press, 2007), 76181.




55


Margaret D. Jacobs, Maternal Colonialism: White Women andIndigenous Child Removal inthe American West andAustralia, 18801940, Western Historical Quarterly 36, 4 (Winter 2005): 45376, htttps://doi.org/10.2307/25443236.




56


Amanda Coletta andMichael E. Miller, Hundreds ofGraves Found atFormer Residential School forIndigenous Children inCanada, Washington Post, June24, 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/23/canada-cowessess-residential-school-graves/ (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/23/canada-cowessess-residential-school-graves/); Brad Brooks, Native Americans Decry Unmarked Graves, Untold History ofBoarding Schools, Reuters, June22, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/native-americans-decry-unmarked-graves-untold-history-boarding-schools-2021-06-22/ (https://www.reuters.com/world/us/native-americans-decry-unmarked-graves-untold-history-boarding-schools-2021-06-22/).




57


Marie Jenkins Schwartz, Birthing aSlave: Motherhood andMedicine inthe Antebellum South (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), 1331; Angela Y. Davis, Women, Race& Class (NewYork: Random House, 1981), 15. (       , , . ..).




58


Meyers, Rediscovering Eve, 52, 121; Elinor Accampo, Blessed Motherhood, Bitter Fruit: Nelly Roussel andthe Politics ofFemale Pain inThird Republic France (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), 3; Shari L. Thurer, TheMyths ofMotherhood: HowCulture Reinvents theGood Mother (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1994),183.




59


Thurer, Myths ofMotherhood,184.




60


Stephanie Coontz, TheWayWe Never Were: American Families andthe Nostalgia Trap (NewYork: Basic Books, 1992), 5253.




61


Thurer, Myths ofMotherhood, 19598; Kimberly A. Hamlin, FromEvetoEvolution: Darwin, Science, andWomens Rights inGilded Age America, reprint ed. (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 2015), 67.




62


Accampo, Blessed Motherhood, Bitter Fruit,3.




63


Edward Higgs andAmanda Wilkinson, Women, Occupations andWork inthe Victorian Censuses Revisited, History Workshop Journal 81, 1 (1977): 87108.




64


Claudia Goldin, Female Labor Force Participation: TheOrigin ofBlack andWhite Differences, 1870 and1880, Journal ofEconomic History 37, 1 (1977): 87108.




65


Coventry Patmore, TheAngel inthe House (London: Cassel andCo, 1887).




66


Coontz, TheWayWe Never Were, 1112.


