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                 . ,     ?      ?     ?         ?         . , ,   !





  

   



 



   

  



 ,2023



ISBN978-5-4496-2429-1

     Ridero










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    .        ,       .  ,     ,       堖       .

 ,    ,       ,       .




 


        ,   .   ,   ,     ,       .

    ,         .       ?       ?     ?      (. game designer  ),      .

  ,        .      (. game engine),         .  , ,        .   ,        .

  ,    ,   ,    .       ,      . , -     .     .   ,      .             .

      蠖   ,   .




  ?


          (. gameplay  ).

頖  ,        ,   .     ,     .         ,        .

         ,   ,  .         core gameplay 蠫level gameplay.

,    (core gameplay)     ,    . ,      ,  ,  ,     .           頖 ,     .

          ,      ,    ,  . ,      ,            .  ,    ,     (level gameplay),       .

 -    (. map),       ,    .           .      ,  , ,    .  ,             ,     (, , , , ).      蠖 ,     .

,  ,          ,   .  頖   ,    ,        .




  



- (. level design  )     ,      ,   , , , ,   .            ,     .

  ,         .




  ?  


   ,     頖    .   ,    ,    .      ,        . ,     , ,      ,        .

       . Ÿ    ,      .

,  ,        .  ,       ,    . Ƞ     ,     ,       ,       ,  ,   ..




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-,     .           . -,        . -,       ,     . -,           . -,      ,   .




 


     .   ,        .

       ,        ,       . ,        ,     ,    ,  ..          .

       ,     ,   .          ,     . ,       ,       .




     ?


     , ,    ,   ,    .         ,         .    -   ,    .

 ,    ,      .      ,     -  ,   .

        ,      . ,      ,    , ,  ..

          ,   ,   .     . ,  ,        ,      .

    .         ,           .

            .

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      .   ,    ,          .        ,       .

,  ,        . 堖       ,   .




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Ѡ      .   ,      ,       .

   ,      .        ,      .

       ,    ,         .      ,    .      .

    .          .      ,   , ,  ,  ..     ,        .

, ,              .     ,         .










  頖 ?



     ,     - ,   .       .        ,      ,       .




 


   ,     -   .      ,  ,      -  .

    ,      .    ,    ,  .    蠖   ,   ,   .

    - :   ,  .    ,      , , ,     .       ,    ,         .

                 ,  .      ,  ,   ,    -   !







       ,   .       ,      .

ʠ,       ,     ,        .             .

       .   ,    ,     ,    ,     .

 !       ,       ,     ,   .




 


           ,     .     ?

   ,        ,     .           ,    .

      .           .       .     .    ,      .

Ѡ             -      .   ,   3D- (, Google Earth).     .      .    ,       ,   , ,     . ,           ,    !

   .     ,          .    ,    ,      ,      ,          .




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      , 腻.   ,      ?     ?       ?

       ,    .  ,       ,       .       ,     .

,  ,         .          ,        堖 ,    .




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   ,     ,      ,  -   .        ,        .

     ?           ?    .







           ,   ,    .          ,     .

         (, , , , ,   . .).      -   ! ?

 ,     ,      ,        .     ,   ,    .

     ,   .     ,     (  ,  ). Ƞ   ,    .

 ,      ,  ,    .  ࠫ    ,        ,   .




 


               .      ,       .         ,    ,    .

, Fallout 3(2008, Bethesda Game Studios)      蠖   .      ,  ,     ,   ,    .

  Crysis     .   Crysis (2007, Crytek)    ,     ,      .     (   ),         .

 Crysis 3(2013, Crytek)      -,         . Ƞ         젖      .






Fallout 3 2008, Bethesda Game Studios






Crysis  2007, Crytek



       .        .

ʠ,  Nuketown Call ofDuty: Black Ops (2010, Treyarch)          .        .  䠖  .    ,           .           ,         ,    .

         -   .

  Uncharted 2: Among Thieves (2009, Naughty Dog),  ,  ,      .      ,      .       ,        .

  Crysis 2(2011, Crytek)   -,        .      ,     ,       , ,  ,    .






Uncharted 2: Among Thieves  2009, NaughtyDog






Crysis 2 2011, Crytek







  ,            .     -   (, , ),   (, , ),   (, , ) ..       .

 Fallout: New Vegas (2010, Obsidian Entertainment)       ,   .      ,   ,      .   ,      .

,     ,      .      -    ,  , ,  ,  ,   ..     ,           .

          . ʠ,  Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 3(2011, Infinity Ward, Sledgehammer Games)  ,     -,    ,    ,     ..

 Spec Ops: The Line (2012, Yager)   ,        .  ,  ,   蠖    ,   ,    .       ,    ,       .






Spec Ops: The Line  2012, Yager




 


         ,      ( , , , )  (  ,   ).

         Left 4Dead 2(2009, Valve).   Dead Center     ,      .

   Dark Carnival      ,      -   ,     .   Hard Rain        ,       .

    ,      ,   .




 


  ,          .  ,    ,          .

, Dishonored (2012, Arkane Studios)      -  ,             .          .   ,     堖          .

 Titanfall 2(2016, Respawn Entertainment)            .        ,   .      ,      ,   ,      .

  ACrack inthe Slab Dishonored 2(2016, Arkane Studios)        .    ,       .           .      ,            .






Dishonored 2 2016, Arkane Studios



      ,   ,   ,        .

,  Sawmill Team Fortress 2(2008, Valve)       ,     ,          .        !

 Crossfire         Half-Life (1998, Valve)       . ࠫCrossfire  ,         ,     .   ,    .

               .         ,       .




 


       .  ,         ⠖   ,    .

  ,       .

  Dishonored 2(2016, Arkane Studios)          (   ).       ,     (   ).  ,  ,     ,        (   ).

        Call ofDuty: Infinite Warfare (2016, Infinity Ward).     ,       (   ),         .     (   ),      .  ,        ,        (   ).






Call ofDuty: Infinite Warfare  2016, InfinityWard



,  ,   ,      ,         ,   .      ,    ,        ,       .




-



   ,            ,     (,  ,   )    ?              .

     -  ,              -.




  -?


-򻠖    ,              .  ,   ,   ,     .       ,   ,   .

  -          .

  -⻠     ,    ,      .

,  -   ,     .          ,         .        ,     .

    -    ?







   -    .      (, , ,  , ),    ( , , ,   , ,  ..).

   Dead Air  Left 4Dead (2008, Valve)    - ,      .      ,       .






Left 4Dead  2008, Valve



Uncharted 4: AThiefs End (2016, Naughty Dog)      ,     . , ,   ,      .    ,      .  ,     ,  .






Uncharted 4: AThiefs End  2016, NaughtyDog



   Enslaved (2010, Ninja Theory)       ,       -.       .

 -    .                 . ,        ,          ,     .    -   ,   ,    ,       .




 


   -   ,    .

   Call ofDuty,    -,       .       ,          ,        .

 Call ofDuty 4: Modern Warfare (2007, Infinity Ward)               -. ,   , ,            .

    Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 2(2009, Infinity Ward)   ,     ,   .  ,     ,         .

   ࠖ     ,        ,          .

         -     - Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 3(2011, Infinity Ward, Sledgehammer Games).       !         .        .         .         ,         .    -,          .

 ,     ,      .         .

       Call ofDuty: Black Ops (2010, Treyarch),      ,       .      .        .

Call ofDuty: Infinite Warfare (2016, Infinity Ward)            ,  -,      .






Call ofDuty 4: Modern Warfare  2007, InfinityWard






Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 3 2011, InfinityWard



 - God ofWar 3(2010, SCE Santa Monica)     ,          .    ,      .

 Uncharted: The Lost Legacy (2017, Naughty Dog)        .           .

,  The Great Battle,   ,        .

 ,        ,     ( , ,      ..).






God ofWar 3 2010, SOE Santa Monica




 


   -      .         .  ,   ,   ,        .

 Uncharted: The Lost Legacy (2017, Naughty Dog)    ,     - .  ,       ,    .

    Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception (2011, Naughty Dog),   ,    ,    .        ,        ,  .






Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception  2011, NaughtyDog



    Metro 2033(2010, 4A Games)          .       ,   .

Call ofDuty: Infinite Warfare (2016, Infinity Ward)      .         .






Call ofDuty: Infinite Warfare  2016, InfinityWard




   


  -     ,        .    -   ,   ,        .

 Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 2(2009, Infinity Ward)     -           -   ,       .






Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 2 2009, InfinityWard



   18+           -.  God ofWar 3(2010, SCE Santa Monica)        .             .        젖    .




 


ʠ  -    ,    .

 The Last ofUs (2013, Naughty Dog)        .  --,    ,    .






The Last ofUs  2013, NaughtyDog



 Uncharted: The Lost Legacy (2017, Naughty Dog)    .    ,     ,   ,     .

   -,         ?




 


     .       - .

,    ,     Call ofDuty   . Ƞ             .   ,      , ,      .           .

    -   .           - .  堖     .

    ,    ,    ,     ,       .      ,        ?.

      (, , ,  )    ,   ,     -,        .










  



   ,           .          -     ,            .

      .      ,    ,    ,      .

          .







   ,    , ,    ,  .       ,         .

           .       ,       .

   ,    .   ,    ,   .    ,     ,          .

     .       ,    .    (   )       .        :

   ?     ?    ?   ?       ?    ?         ?    ,      ?

,           .    ,      .      ,          .  ?




 


         .           .      - .

  頖   ,      .        ,    .

,        ,        ( , ,  ).  ,   ࠖ    ,        (  , ,  ,      ..).

 ,      c          .

     ,   .   ,      ,      ,      ,  .              -    .






  The Last ofUs  2013, NaughtyDog



 ,  -           .          ,  ,         .




 


     ,     ,    ࠖ    .         ,     .

      .      ꠖ          ,    .

 ,        .     :   ;  , , ;  (, ,  . .);        ;   (, , ,  . .);    .

    ,       .

ʠ,       Counter-Strike: Source (2004, Valve)     ,   ,  ,  ,     .






   Counter-Strike: Source  2004, Valve



       ,   :     ;    ;        ;    ;  , ,  ;    ;  ,  ;  .

       ,   -      .

         ,    ,          .




 


                 ?     ,      .

   ,        .       (. asset ),   ,   .     , , , , ,  ..

           ,     .

      ,    .          ,    ,   .

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 ,    ,                     .

,     ,       ,          ,        .

 ,    ,     ࠖ     ,  ,     .




  



        ,     ,    . Ƞ ,    ,     ,  ,    ,     .

 ,     ,           .      ,         - .




 


           .        (. structural geometry). ʠ    ,    .

   ,    ,         ,   ,  , , , ,  , ,  ..

       Left 4Dead (2008, Valve)    .

     (, , , ,  )     ,   .






Left 4Dead  2008, Valve






   Left 4Dead  2008, Valve



          頖   , , ,  .. ,   ,    (. terrain )   (. landscape ).

 Afghan Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 2(2009, Infinity Ward)      (  )   . ,   ,   ,   ,  ,     .






Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 2 2009, InfinityWard




  


 ,          ,       .

      (. props ).               .

        :   ( , , , , ,  . .);   (  ,  , ,  ,  . .);   (   ࠖ , , ,  ..).

    ?     Left 4Dead (2008, Valve).           :






Left 4Dead  2008, Valve



       ,       .     ,  ,   .

          (. decal , ). 蠖     ,     .

,    Left 4Dead (2008, Valve)    , ,     ,   .       ,  , ,   ..






Left 4Dead  2008, Valve



        Fallout 3(2008, Bethesda Game Studios).              ,     .







     .    ,         ,    . ,     ,        .        (. background  , ).

          .        ,        . ,   Half-Life (1998, Valve)    :






Half-Life  1998, Valve



     ,  . ,     ,    ( , , )   .

 Vertigo Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (2012, Valve)           .         ,    ,    .






Counter-Strike: Global Offensive  2012, Valve



       ,       ,        .   ,          , -,  ,     , -,     ,   .

 ,     ,        . ,        (      ),    ,    .        ,         .

           Mirrors Edge: Catalyst (2016, DICE).        ,         .  ,              .






Mirrors Edge: Catalyst  2016,DICE







        .     ࠖ       ,   ,    ,       .

              :  ,  ,   .

  (. directional light)      (   ),      .

  (. global illumination  sky light)    ,   .                 .

  (. point light)            .

 (. spot light)          .

  ,             ,    ,   , , ,  ..






      BioShock  2007, Irrational Games




  


       ,      ,  .

     ,       ( , , HDR).       (. volume )  ,   ,           .

, Left 4Dead (2008, Valve)         .

        ,     . ,    ࠖ  , ,         .            .        , ,     ..






Left 4Dead  2008, Valve



       ,    .  ,    ,      ( ,  ,   . .),     ,     ( ,  ,   . .).     ,   ,  ,        .




 


       . ʠ      ,     .

-,   ,    .         ,   ,   (. trigger ),    ,     (. scripted scene)   (. cutscene),    ,   ..

    Half-Life 2(2004, Valve),     .    ,     .  ,  ,        .






Half-Life 2 2004, Valve



-,    ,   .       (, , , ),      ,      .

-,     ,   .    , , ,   ,  ,    ..

-,      (, ),            .

           . ,     Bulletstorm (2011, Epic Games, People Can Fly)  :






Bulletstorm  2011, Epic Games, People CanFly



,      ,      ⠖  ,    , , - ,   .




 



         .          ,   .

        堖 ,      ,    .  ,       ,      ?

           ,    .




 


     ,        .          .          .         :    .

          .          .  XVIII          ,    .  XIX      ,         .  XX        ,     ,     .

 ,  ,         䠖           ,    .




,  


   ,           .   ,     .

       ,          .        ,        .             .

   ,       Counter-Strike.  CS: Condition Zero (2004, Valve)    ,        ,       .






Counter-Strike: Condition Zero  2004, Valve



 CS: Global Offensive (2012, Valve)         ,       .






Counter-Strike: Global Offensive  2012, Valve



     ,   ,      ,   ,         .             .

ʠ,          .     ,         .       .            ,      .

       Mass Effect (2007, BioWare)     ,         .     ,  .






Mass Effect  2007, BioWare



 Mass Effect: Andromeda (2017, BioWare)     .  , -    .

ʠ,   ,        .  Dead Space 2(2011, Visceral Games)        .          ( , , , , , ,   .),    .       ,  젖   .






Dead Space 2 2011, Visceral Games



       ,   ,   .

, Call ofDuty: Advanced Warfare (2014, Sledgehammer Games)      ,     ,    .  ,  ,       .




 


 Arkane Studios     .   ,        .  ,   Dishonored (20122017, Arkane Studios),     ,    ,   .

       Dishonored 2(2016, Arkane Studios).   -   ,    .    ,    ,        .

      Dishonored: Death ofthe Outsider (2017, Arkane Studios).    -,    .  ,      ,      ,   .




  


   ,    ,   .  ,   ,      ,      ,    .

       S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call ofPripyat (2010, GSC Game World).         ,         .              .

           . -,        ,      . -,     ,     .

   The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015, CD Projekt RED) ,         . ʠ,   ,      .         ,     .

 ,        ,         .






The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt  2015, CD ProjektRED




 


   ,      ⠖  .

 ,        ,    .

    ,    ,       ,   .       , ,  ,  ,   (, ,  ),   ,  , , ,  , , ,  ..,      ࠖ     ( , , ),    ,    ,   .

,         ,         .  ,     ,   ,         .

     ,    ,    Rockstar Games Grand Theft Auto IV (2008), L.A.Noire (2011) Grand Theft Auto V (2013).

,    ,     . ,     ,    ,           .

         ,   頖      . ,   ,    (,  ,  , ,  . .),    (, , , ),  (, , ),  (  ),       .

       Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 2(2009, Infinity Ward),      .

        ,     .             (,    ),   (    , , ),   ( ,  ,  ,  , ),     (,  ,  , ,  ,     ..).






Call ofDuty: Modern Warfare 2 2009, InfinityWard



    ,     .   L.A.Noire (2011, Rockstar Games),     40-   .         ,      .

,     ,      堖  ,  ,    , ,         .

 ,   ,      .     Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception (2011, Naughty Dog)     ,     .       .

,  ,        ,        ,           .      ,        .




 



          .  ,        ,       .                 .




   ?


             .        .     .

        , ,   ,   .

      ,       . ,     ,  ,   ..        ,    ,  :   ,  ,   , ,  ..

   ,     , Titanfall 2(2016, Respawn Entertainment)  ,       (, ,  ,  . .). ,        ,         .

 ,           .     ,        .

,       ,    -   .       ,        .

           ,    ,     ,    .

    , , ⠖ ,            .

       .       ,        .

        ,          .






    2011, Philip Klevestav






Counter-Strike: Global Offensive  2012, Valve



,       .   ,    ,         . ,          ,  ,               .

     ,  蠖     .         .       ,   堖      .




 


-        (1:1)  .    ,     . ʠ,      .

 Assassins Creed Syndicate(2015, Ubisoft)     .   ,           ( ,   , ,  ,   . .).          ,       .

       The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015, CD Projekt RED),     .






Assassins Creed Syndicate  2015, Ubisoft




 


           .         ,          .

        .            (  1.25),       .

   GTA: San Andreas (2004, Rockstar Games)   ,       - ,     .

      .    ,  ,        .       ,     .      ,      .






GTA: San Andreas  2004, Rockstar Games



        . ,    BioShock Infinite (2013, Irrational Games)        .    ,      .       ,  .






BioShock Infinite  2013, Irrational Games



        Wolfenstein: The New Order (2014, MachineGames).     ,   ,      .






Wolfenstein: The New Order  2014, MachineGames



       .    Gears ofWar (2006, Epic Games)      .

            ,     . ,        ,      ,        .    ,  ,      堖   ,     .






Gears ofWar  2006, Epic Games



   Gears ofWar     ,     .




 


           ,    .     ,         ?

          Duke Nukem Forever (2011, Gearbox Software),     ,    .     蠖        ,     -.           .            .

                Counter-Strike.






 DE_DOLLS  Counter-Strike: Source  2004, Valve



          (     DE_RATS).

     ,      ,         .

         Alice: Madness Returns (2011, Spicy Horse),         .

    ,   ,     ,           .          ,    .




  .


   .

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