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1


[1]        Herculano-Houzel S. The Human Advantage. MIT Press, 2016.




2


[2] Lennie P. The cost of cortical computation// Current Biology. 2003. 13. . 493497; Laughlin S. B., Sejnowski T. J. Communication in neuronal networks// Science. 301. 2003. . 18701874.




3


{1}  , . . .




4


[3]     450, ,           (),         90 000.  100 000  ,   ,              380 . .:Fredner E. How many novels have been published in English? (An attempt)//2017. 14 . URL: https://litlab.stanford.edu/how-many-novels-have-been-published-in-english-an-attempt/.




5


[4]         .Adrian E. D. The impulses produced by sensory nerve endings: Part I// Journal of Physiology. 1926. 61. . 4972.




6


[5]     :             ,        ,      6,3.       : Stevenson I., Kording K. How advances in neural recording affect data analysis// Nature Neuroscience. 2011. 14. . 139142; -  : https://stevenson.lab.uconn.edu/scaling/.




7


[6]           ,      2005.             -,  ,     .              .                  .     ,    ,        (   ,      ),    ,   .           .

 .Miesenb?ck G. The optogenetic catechism// Science. 2009. 326. . 395399; DeisserothK. Optogenetics: 10years of microbial opsins in neuroscience //. Nature Neuroscience. 2015. 18. . 12131225.




8


[7]    ,      , .ReeseR., Leblois A., SteigerwaldF.  . Subthalamic deep brain stimulation increases pallidal firing rate and regularity// Experimental Neurology. 2011. 229. . 517521; Singh A., MewesK., Gross R. E. . Human striatal recordings reveal abnormal discharge of projection neurons in Parkinsons disease//Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 2016. 113. . 96299634.




9


[8]      ,           , .Ison M. J., Quiroga R. Q., Fried I. Rapid encoding of new memories by individual neurons in the human brain//Neuron. 2015. 87. . 220230.




10


{2}  (  )   . . .




11


[9] Jenkins R., Dowsett A. J., Burton A. M. How many faces do people know?//Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences. 2018. 285. URL: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.1319.




12


[10] Kanwisher N., McDermott J., ChunM.M. The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception// Journal of Neuroscience. 1997. 17. . 43024311.




13


[11]      ,              , .Abbott A. The face detective// Nature. 2018. 564. . 17679.




14


[12] Tsao D. Y., Freiwald W. A., TootellR.B.H. . Acortical region consisting entirely of face-selective cells//Science. 2006. 311. .670674.




15


[13] Moeller S., Freiwald W. A., TsaoD. Y. Patches with links: A unified system for processing faces in the macaque temporal lobe// Science. 2008. 320. . 13551359.




16


[14] Chang L., Tsao D. Y. The code for facial identity in the primate brain// Cell. 2017. 169. . 10131028.




17


[1]        , [    ].        ,        .   ,       ,    . ArbibM.A., Warren McCullochs search for the logic of the nervous system// Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 2000. 43. .193216. Abraham T. H. Rebel Genius: WarrenS. McCullochs Transdisciplinary Life in Science. MIT Press, 2016.




18


[2]          .  [ - ]      1930- ,      , , ,  ,        , ,               .




19


[3]     ,        1950- , .  McComasA.J., Galvanis Spark: The Story of the Nerve Impulse. Oxford University Press, 2011.




20


{1}  1963                ,       . . .




21


{2}    ,     .            .               1 (           2).         :      ,    . . .




22


[4]       . ,    ,   ,     ,   ,   :    ,  .     ,      ,     ,  . ,      (  , ,     ,     . . .),   ,      , ,   ,  ,      .  ,       ,    .                 .         ,       ,    ,      : .    .     .   , 2018.  ,       ., : PlatkiewiczJ., Brette R. A threshold equation for action potential initiation// PLoS Computational Biology. 2010. 6. e1000850.




23


[5] Gefter A. The man who tried to redeem the world with logic// Nautilus. 2015. 5. URL: http://nautil.us/issue/21/information/the-man-who-tried-to-redeem-the-world-with-logic; Smalheiser N. R. Walter Pitts// Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 2000. 43. . 217226.




24


[6] von Neumann J. First draft of a report on the EDVAC// 1945Technical Report /  . M. D Godfrey. URL: http://web.mit.edu/STS.035/www/PDFs/edvac.pdf.




25


{3} EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer,  -  )      .           ,   . . .




26


[7]     ,       ,   ,   ,            .  ,    ,      .           ,     .      ,           .   ,    ,      ,   ,         ;       ,       .    :   ,     , ,           , ,    .

          ,        ( ),    .     : on-  off-.  on-        ,    ; off-       ,    .                      (,     )    (    /       ).

                .    ,     .      .:DembJ.B., SingerJ.H. Functional circuitry of the retina// Annual Review of Vision Science. 2015. 1. . 263269.       : .EulerT., Haverkamp S., SchubertT. . Retinal bipolar cells: Elementary building blocks of vision//Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2014. 15. .507519.   ,     , .  11: SterlingP., Laughlin S. B. Principles of Neural Design. MIT Press, 2015.  ,    ,  - Webvision     : https://webvision.med.utah.edu/.




27


{4}    1959,  ,      . . .




28


[8] Gefter A. The man who tried to redeem the world with logic// Nautilus. 2015. 5. URL: http://nautil.us/issue/21/information/the-man-who-tried-to-redeem-the-world-with-logic.




29


[9] Brecht M., Preilowski B., MerzenichM.M. Functional architecture of the mystacial vibrissae// Behavioural Brain Research. 1997. 84. . 8197.




30


[10] Bale M. R., Campagner D., ErskineA. . Microsecond-scale timing precision in rodent trigeminal primary afferents// Journal of Neuroscience. 2015. 35. .59355940.




31


[11] Muchlinski M. N., Wible J. R., CorfeI. . Good vibrations: The evolution of whisking in small mammals// Anatomical Record. 2020. 303. . 8999.




32


[12] Mitchinson B., Martin Ch. J., GrantR.A. . Feedback control in active sensing: Rat exploratory whisking is modulated by environmental contact//Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences. 2007. 27. . 10351041; Grant R.A., Mitchinson B. . Active touch sensing in the rat: Anticipatory and regulatory control of whisker movements during surface exploration// Journal of Neurophysiology. 2009. 101. . 862874.




33


[13] Berg R. W., Kleinfeld D. Rhythmic whisking by rat: Retraction as well as protraction of the vibrissae is under active muscular control// Journal of Neurophysiology. 2003. 89. . 104117.




34


[14]    :            1516.,      ;  ,           ,   ,      ,      ,       ,        .   4   .




35


[15] More H. L., Hutchinson J. R., CollinsD.F. .. Scaling of sensorimotor control in terrestrial mammals// Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences. 2010. 277. .35633568.




36


[16] Sterling P., Laughlin S. Principles of Neural Design. MIT Press, 2015. . 7.




37


[17]    , ,        ,   ,      (Romand  .).   : (1)       ; (2)       ,     ,       . ,           , , , ,      ,         ,  ,  , .    :      ~ 14.                      ,    100   20  .      700               . .:RomandS., WangY., Toledo-Rodriguez M. . Morphological development of thick-tufted layer V pyramidal cells in the rat somatosensory cortex// Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. 2011. 5. . 5.




38


[18] Grant R. A., Breakell V., PrescottT.J. Whisker touch sensing guides locomotion in small, quadrupedal mammals// Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences. 2018. 285. 20180592.




39


[19]           ,    .       149 600 000,       12 756.        11 723 .        . ,      20 (     )    100 000 ,    . (           ,   , , ,      , , 200,     10 000 .)


