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   , , ,   .    - ,  ?       Rappler,     .  #ArrestMariaRessa (  )  #UnfollowRappler (  Rappler)   .      .    Rappler   ,      ,     - .    Rappler   ;    .         ,        .     Rappler     .  ,  ,    ,  ,        [17 - Ressa, Maria A. Propaganda War: Weaponizing the Internet, Rappler, 3  2016 ,  7  2019 ,  https://www.rappler.com/nation/148007-propaganda-war-weaponizing-internet. Hofile?a, Chay F. Fake Accounts, Manufactured Reality on Social Media, Rappler, 9  2016 ,  6  2019 ,  https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/investigative/148347-fake-accountsmanufactured-reality-social-media. Ressa, Maria A. How Facebook Algorithms Impact Democracy, Rappler, 8  2016 ,  6  2019 ,  https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/148536-facebook-algorithms-impact-democracy.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/piter-pomerancev/eto-ne-propaganda-hroniki-mirovoy-voyny-s-realnostu/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Deep fake (.)     ,     .     .




2


  (),       ()    ,   .




3


Pop-up populism (.)   ,             .




4


Identitarianism (.)    ,         .




5


   . . 87.




6


McCoy, Alfred. Dark Legacy: Human Rights under the Marcos Regime, World History archives, 20  1999 ,  http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html.




7


SPAM     ,       . ,             .




8


Beck, H. P., S. Levinson and G. Irons. Finding Little Albert: A Journey to John B. Watsons Infant Laboratory, American Psychologist, 2009, 64 (7), . 605614,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017234.




9


Ong, Jonathan Corpus and Jason Vincent A. Caba?es. Architects of Networked Disinformation, University of Leeds (2018),  https://newtontechfordev.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ARCHITECTSOF-NETWORKED-DISINFORMATION-FULL-REPORT.pdf.




10


 ( . influence  )   ,      .




11


Amnesty International. Detained Duterte Critic Must Be Freed Immediately (23  2018 ),  https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/02/philippines-detained-duterte-critic-must-be-freedimmediately/.




12


-໠      .   .




13


Ressa, Maria A. From Bin Laden to Facebook: 10 Days of Abduction, 10 Years of Terrorism (London: Imperial College Press, 2013).




14


BBC News. Philippine President Duterte Calls God Stupid, 26  2018 ,  https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44610872.




15


Forrest, Adam. Jair Bolsonaro: The Worst Quotes from Brazils Far-Right Presidential Frontrunner, Independent, 8  2018 ,  https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-who-is-quotesbrazil-president-election-run-off-latest-a8573901.html.




16


 . .           .: , 2015.    .




17


Ressa, Maria A. Propaganda War: Weaponizing the Internet, Rappler, 3  2016 ,  7  2019 ,  https://www.rappler.com/nation/148007-propaganda-war-weaponizing-internet. Hofile?a, Chay F. Fake Accounts, Manufactured Reality on Social Media, Rappler, 9  2016 ,  6  2019 ,  https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/investigative/148347-fake-accountsmanufactured-reality-social-media. Ressa, Maria A. How Facebook Algorithms Impact Democracy, Rappler, 8  2016 ,  6  2019 ,  https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/148536-facebook-algorithms-impact-democracy.


