Half-Life.  Valve      
 


  
Half-Life   ,   .            .           -,     ,        .

    ,     Half-Life,                 Valve. , ,       Valve  - Steam.

   Half-Life  Valve,   :

[ul]    Half-Life?

        ?

   Valve    ?

 - Steam    ? [/ul]

   Half-Life?     ,     ?         ,    ,     .    ,      ,   ,      .    -  ,     ?  ,  Half-Life: Alyx    Valve

  PDF A4    .





 

Half-Life.  Valve      



Yann Franois

Half-Life: le FPS libr

dition franaise, copyright 2016, Third ditions.

Tous droits rservs.








  ..,    , 2023

  ..,   , 2023

 .   , 2023







         Arkane Studios,   Arx Fatalis[1 -       Arx Fatalis.  .  . .], RPG     .          .  , Dark Messiah of Might and Magic,      Source Engine,  Valve   ,     Half-Life 2.     Valve,           Half-Life 2   Return to Ravenholm.      ,  , .   2012 ,      ,   Dishonored    .

 Half-Life      -   .    ,   ,    .       Half-Life,        ,    !  


1996

    Duke Nukem 3D   -- :  ,  ,  .

    ?![2 -    ,  ,  .  Doom   ,  ,       strafe left  strafe right.  ,        ,  -   -,      -. . .]        !

 .  .     Doom!

      ,  Duke Nukem 3D,    DOS        .        ,   : Half-Life  ,   ,  Quake-like  .

    ,       .       .    Counter-Strike,    ,     Day of Defeat.  ! ,  2003??


2003

 ,   E3   . Half-Life 2 - !        Source,   Radiosity,   [3 -   Half-Life 2       ,    ,    ,   .        .  . .],    ..       :  -     ,   [4 -               . . .] (https://clck.ru/at5Za)       UMF   ,        ! ! Valve               : ,  .    ,  :    ,     !

  .   [5 -     raie manta.     SpeedTouch:      .  . . .] Wanadoo    .   GOA[6 - Game Online Association,      ,    2000?  .  . .]    .   .

Half-Life 2   !

  !

!

--?

!  --

 ,    ,           Half-Life 2.       :  ,     ?17.  :  .


2004

   Arkane Studios.   ,  .    ,     ,  .    - .  Valve   Arx Fatalis,       Source   !

    Half-Life 2   ,  ,    .     ?17, ,     ,     ,              .      ,    ,     ,       ,         .

     .     , TI?99.      .    ,     ,   : Half-Life 2     . ,  .    ,   ,    ,       , , ,   .


2005

  ,      Dark Messiah  E3.   - .

?

?

,    

(: , ?17,  ,  ,  , , , , ,     !)

 , -  Valve.

, !  ,      .

, . ,  ?     ,    .



(  : ,       ?)

!

   Return to Ravenholm: ?  .  ? .    ,  ? !

-     ,      .      Weta Workshop,   -     !   ,   ,     ,   ,    .    :  .             .   ,     .  ,     . ,  , .    :

    ?

, . ,   

,      .    .

, ,  Valve,    Source   .    ,   

 !   , -,    .   :    The Crossing.

 !  .

    -   .    - ,      ,    , , , , ,           ,    .

 Dark Messiah  Return to Ravenholm,  The Crossing  Dishonored 1  2:   ?  ,     ?17        .         ,   ,       ,    , , ,  , ,     !    - ,           .       ,        .

    , ,       AOL[7 - AOL,  America Online,   90? -.               .  ,      ,     AOL  100   .  2021      Apollo Global Management.  . .]        -!  ,   ,       ,       ,       Valve.

(,     : , !)

  (),

-  Arkane Studios







    .

  

     .

 , [8 -   .?; 1988.  . .]

Half-Life.  .   ,     ,     .      :   ,   ,    - ,            . ,    :   ?, ,   ,   . ,      : Valve,  ,  .  Valve    Half-Life. ,             , ,     .

Half-Life  19  1998 :          ,          .     . GoldenEye 007,           Nintendo 64,   :         .   - id Software (Doom, Quake)  ,                (Redneck Rampage, Shadow Warrior).        Valve  Epic (   Unreal)  .

 Valve,   ,   .      ,      .     Half-Life   :         ,          .   Half-Life              ,    .  Valve    -    .    ,     . ,   ,    ,   .     ,  ,         . Half-Life 2          .         Valve    Steam,  - .  ,   .

      ?

 Half-Life      .     ,        .      Valve,  ,  .

   ,      ,   :        [9 - , Half-Life: De la cration de Valve ? Gordon Freeman, les coulisses du dveloppement   Jeuxvideo.com  The Final Hours of Half-Life 2     Gamespot.com. . .],     .   ,    .     Raising the Bar  [10 - David Hodgson, Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar,  (), Prima Games,  2004. 288 . ISBN 0761543643.  . .],     Half-Life 2,       ,      ,     . ,      Valve    ,        .  ,    ,       ,       ,        .                         , Half-Life 2: Episode Two,   2007 [11 -     2016 ,    Half-Life: Alyx,  23  2020 .  . . .].    ,          ,   ,          .

                  ().      Half-Life     .

      Half-Life   :   .  ,             (  , ,   ..),            ,    - .             (,      ). -,        . -,         ,        (      ,   ,   ),     .

Half-Life     ,   ,     .       ,        .      ,    :    ,   ,    . Half-Life         ,    :    , ,  ,      , ,   .  -    ,       . ,   Half-Life    Valve.           .     Half-Life      :    ,             .

Half-Life  ,   ,   ,       .      :          .     [12 -  ( . Freeman   ).  . .]:    ,     ,  ,   [13 -        : , , , , , , , , .       -  .        11  2006      27  2011   ,         .  . . .].       .




1.



   Half-Life     ,     ,      .        Valve       Half-Life.     , Valve   :     ,    -.   .




 Microsoft  Valve



  :    

     [14 -             ,  .  . .] 3  1962 .   ,     1980-    [15 -     undergraduate      ,       .  . .].    ,           [16 -   :      ,     . ,    ,   ,          Microsoft   ,        (      Neowin,  2013.: http://www.neowin.net/news/gabe-newell-i-learned-more-in-three-months-at-microsoft-than-entire-time-at-harvard).  . .].  ,  ,           .       ,     IT-   - Microsoft   .     ,     ,       .  ,         [17 -       Microsoft  2000  2014 .  . .],    ,        .   ,     .              .         IT- .           (      )    .  ,        271?  Microsoft.     ,       PC- :  ,    ,     MS-DOS   .  : Windows.  1.0,    ,   .           .       ,         1.2 (1986,    )  1.3 ( 1986?).    ,     :  ,    IT                .          .  -      Dynamix,   1987-    Microsoft,     OS/2 ( ,     IBM)   Windows NT.  ,      ,    .

 1993-    Doom.     ,    id Software,   .       ,  ,    ,         .        OS,  Windows 95,   ,     .      :   Microsoft       .        shareware  Doom,     OS. ,      ,  id Software,        ,   Windows.            .

          ,      .  Microsoft       ,          .    ,   [18 -      : 2011     Valve.  . .].       :    id Software,      , id Tech 2.           3D-[19 -  Quake id Software     ,     .      3D,     ,      .     :    ,   ,   .  . .].       Quake,       1996 .

       . ,    ,  .   Microsoft      Windows,    ,     ,      .         . ,      .

,   ,  ,  Microsoft   .   [20 -     ,   .  ,       ,      Microsoft,   ,   PC   (,        2015 ).  . .]       -             .    1996         ,     :               Microsoft,         ,   .  24  1996 .    Valve Software LLC (https://clck.ru/35PTrs).


 

Valve    :            ,     ,      .        id Software,  ,      .        ,           Quake   , [21 - ,    ,   ,     :  ,    Quake,   ! (   ,  2007.:http://web.archive.org/web/20141211153904/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/172835/interviews/creative-minds-gabe-newell).      ,    ,  Valve        , , ,    .  . .].

        ,      :      .           . <>  ,     ,    ,     Microsoft,  .      ,           :     IT           .   :   ,   FPS.   ,        Microsoft,    .

  ,      Valve,   .        Microsoft  1994 .  -              3D-     .       Microsoft,    Valve            . ,       ,  -  Microsoft,    .         ,  -  :   ,           ,    -   .       ,       Microsoft.                ,      ,       .      .        :          [22 -  ,          :      !  . .].   ,      ,    .

  Valve             -  ,       ,      Doom  Quake. ,     ,      :     .    .          Quake Command,          Quake:       .      ,      ,     ,          .  ,               Valve.      ,     -. Valve     ,         Shiny Entertainment.      Doom   PlayStation:  -    Valve  ,            .      ,          Rise of the Triad  Duke Nukem 3D,   3D Realms.     -     :      ,      [23 -  . Valve,  - Half-Life,       ,        .  . . .]       .




Half-Life:    



 

      Microsoft,              ,      :        ,     .        .     .   Prospero,  ,                  ,   .

    .   (The Mist,   ),          .      ,       ,    .            .          .    -  3D    ,     ,    [24 - ,        2015 .  . .].     : Quiver,              [25 - Quiver ()   ,     .  ,  quiver  .  . .],     Quake,         ,     .     :    ,            .         :     ,     .    ,     ,     ,         ,  ,  .     ,                :    ,       .

  Quiver   ,       .   [26 -    Raising the Bar, . .  . .]     ,     -.       ,      Quake,      :    ,        .    ,      ,   .    :          ,   .   ,       ,  ,      .    ,     ,     ,    [27 - ,        2015 .  . .].


, 

   ,      .   :       .   (   )   ,  .     ,   ,      (   ,          [28 -         :     The Andy Griffith Show,   .      .  . .]).       ,      .  Quake,     ,       . ,  ,     [29 -   script  ,     (,                  ,         ,   ).         ,     ,     .           :   ,    .  . .].    ,  ,    ,       :            .         NPC ( )  ,       .      ,           Quake,      .        GoldSrc ( GoldSource),    Valve,     id Software    .

     3D-.          ,             .  ,      :     ,    ,     ,     ,   []   [30 - ,        2015 .  . .].        ,     ,     :    .    3D-       ,         !       ,   ,   - ([31 -        .     ,        .  . .])   ,       .    :       ,   ,    .        ,   - .                  !  ,     ,        NPC      .        .

     ,           ,    C++    .    Quake,     -.      ,      ,   ,       .       ,           .          ,     ,     [32 - ,        2015 .  . .].      FPS          .

       Worldcraft       ,     Quake.   GoldSrc          ,   ,  ,      .            . ,   (, ) ,     .      GoldSrc  ,             (Direct3D, OpenGL, 3dfx).              .     , Valve    ,     .


Quiver   Half-Life

   ,   ,      .      ,      (, ),   -,    :        .    ,   ,    (  ),   ,     . ,  Quiver     Quake,       .   ,      ,    ,   Half-Life:  ,     ,    .      .

1996    .     ,      ,   .           ,  .          .      .         ,        ,        .   Sierra On-Line,    .       (Kings Quest, Leisure Suit Larry).    Sierra     ,   Quake:     Valve,       .    ,           .                  - ,        .  Valve     E3  1997 ,    . -     ,             .


     

,         :       ,     ,  .  ,     Doom  Quake,         .     FPS  19971999,   ,       Half-Life.      ,       .      :    ,       [33 - ,        2015 .  . .].   ,   ,        .  E3  ,     .     (   ,     ),        ,    :      ,  [34 -  ,       ;      .  . .]  ,     ,    - ,   -    Goldsrc.   .

     E3   [35 -   ,   ,  2016   .   ,   2020-, -       3     .        :     -,      3  The Game Awards.    2022  3     -,   2023?        , -    ,     .  . . .]     .  1997    : Tomb Raider II, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time  Metal Gear Solid     .      Doom,    -  .  Half-Life  Sin, Daikatana, Quake II, Prey, Star Wars: Jedi Knight,   GoldenEye 007,     ,    .  ,  Valve       .

Sierra,        CUC[36 - Comp-U-Card International  ,    (, , ).  . .],     Valve    Blizzard Entertainment (   CUC)   Inforum,  ,      Georgia Dome.        .            ,     Quake,      [37 -    Next Generation. . .]          ,   Doom[38 -    Joystick  - 1997 .  . .]. Half-Life,  ,     ,       .   Half-Life  :    ,        .    .


 

 1997   Valve    .  Valve    Worldcraft  Goldsrc     ,  ,   .  ,          Worldcraft.     Valve  ,    ,   Wired.      Worldcraft   Valve,    .     ,   ,        (The 37th Mandala, Dads Nuke, The Orchid Eater).   , The Third Force,      Gadget.      ,      Myst  Ecstatica    ,    Quake, ,   ,    .  ,             ,      .   ,     Valve   :      ,  -   Quake,      .   Valve,    ,       .     ,         [39 - ,        2015 .  . .].

 Valve      .              Prospero.    ,         Half-Life,    .      ,       .   Prospero    Valve,     Half-Life     .      ,     MMO: ,           ,      ,   .  ,     Valve   Prospero:     .  ,   1997          ,     Half-Life.         :   experiential density ( ).             ,       .       ,     ,    :        ?     ,    - ?[40 -    The Final Hours of Half-Life 2,  , http://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-final-hours-of-half-life?2/11006112889.  . .]

   .       ,      .   ,               .      .      ,   ,      .        ,    ,          .

      - ,     [41 -     : Mesa Diablo, Sand Basin, Black Butte Montana.  . .].     ,    ,   ,    ,     51. ,     ,       .           ,        ,      -  .

         .          ,            .   [42 -  ,      -  .        , -  ,          .       ,        :   ( , Raising the Bar, . 30).  . .]      :   Half-Life   .


 

 ,         .   ,    :       ,     .               .       ,   .     [43 - ,        2015 .  . .].         ,      ,    -   .  -      .      ,       ,   -,      .    ,       .          .    Sierra    ,     Valve  .     :           ,    ,    .  Sierra   ,       1998 ,   .

 ,   ,     ,   .         ,      .  Worldcraft,   Hammer Editor,  Goldsrc -       .   ,   ,    ,   ,    [44 -             .  . .],     .

        .      ,            .     ,    Goldsrc,       :    cabals.        (- ,  , , )   ,    .    ,      ,         :                ,      [45 - ,        2015 .  . .].          .  ,  ,       ,     .      (    )   ,        .            Gamasutra[46 - The Cabal: Valves Design Process for Creating Half-Life: https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/the-cabal-valve-s-design-process-for-creating-i-half-life-i-.  . .].  Valve    ,     -   .   ,      . ,         -     ,              .    , ,     Half-Life




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/yan-fransua/half-life-kak-valve-sozdala-kultovyy-shuter-ot-pervogo-lica-69606529/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


      Arx Fatalis.  .  . .




2


   ,  ,  .  Doom   ,  ,       strafe left  strafe right.  ,        ,  -   -,      -. . .




3


  Half-Life 2       ,    ,    ,   .        .  . .




4


              . . .




5


    raie manta.     SpeedTouch:      .  . . .




6


Game Online Association,      ,    2000?  .  . .




7


AOL,  America Online,   90? -.               .  ,      ,     AOL  100   .  2021      Apollo Global Management.  . .




8


  .?; 1988.  . .




9


, Half-Life: De la cration de Valve ? Gordon Freeman, les coulisses du dveloppement   Jeuxvideo.com  The Final Hours of Half-Life 2     Gamespot.com. . .




10


David Hodgson, Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar,  (), Prima Games,  2004. 288 . ISBN 0761543643.  . .




11


    2016 ,    Half-Life: Alyx,  23  2020 .  . . .




12


 ( . Freeman   ).  . .




13


       : , , , , , , , , .       -  .        11  2006      27  2011   ,         .  . . .




14


            ,  .  . .




15


    undergraduate      ,       .  . .




16


  :      ,     . ,    ,   ,          Microsoft   ,        (      Neowin,  2013.: http://www.neowin.net/news/gabe-newell-i-learned-more-in-three-months-at-microsoft-than-entire-time-at-harvard).  . .




17


      Microsoft  2000  2014 .  . .




18


     : 2011     Valve.  . .




19


 Quake id Software     ,     .      3D,     ,      .     :    ,   ,   .  . .




20


    ,   .  ,       ,      Microsoft,   ,   PC   (,        2015 ).  . .




21


,    ,   ,     :  ,    Quake,   ! (   ,  2007.:



http://web.archive.org/web/20141211153904/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/172835/interviews/creative-minds-gabe-newell).      ,    ,  Valve        , , ,    .  . .




22


 ,          :      !  . .




23


 . Valve,  - Half-Life,       ,        .  . . .




24


,        2015 .  . .




25


Quiver ()   ,     .  ,  quiver  .  . .




26


   Raising the Bar, . .  . .




27


,        2015 .  . .




28


        :     The Andy Griffith Show,   .      .  . .




29


  script  ,     (,                  ,         ,   ).         ,     ,     .           :   ,    .  . .




30


,        2015 .  . .




31


       .     ,        .  . .




32


,        2015 .  . .




33


,        2015 .  . .




34


 ,       ;      .  . .




35


  ,   ,  2016   .   ,   2020-, -       3     .        :     -,      3  The Game Awards.    2022  3     -,   2023?        , -    ,     .  . . .




36


Comp-U-Card International  ,    (, , ).  . .




37


   Next Generation. . .




38


   Joystick  - 1997 .  . .




39


,        2015 .  . .




40


   The Final Hours of Half-Life 2,  , http://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-final-hours-of-half-life?2/11006112889.  . .




41


    : Mesa Diablo, Sand Basin, Black Butte Montana.  . .




42


 ,      -  .        , -  ,          .       ,        :   ( , Raising the Bar, . 30).  . .




43


,        2015 .  . .




44


            .  . .




45


,        2015 .  . .




46


The Cabal: Valves Design Process for Creating Half-Life: https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/the-cabal-valve-s-design-process-for-creating-i-half-life-i-.  . .


