  .  .   . 19401965
 

 


         , -   19401945  19511955 , , , ,    ,   ,   ,   2002   --,    .

,      ,    ,       .       ,            ,       .        ,           ,    ,  ,     .    ,  , , , ,            ,     .           ,     ,        :   !








 ,  

  .  .   

19401965




 ,

  ,

   (19151987),

 ,  ,

, , 

 ,  1994



 ,  2012


In freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbrae

Lustrabunt convexa, polus dum sidera pascet;

semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt.



    ,   

       , 

       .

. .  1


Copyright  2012 by John Manchester, Julie Manchester, Laurie Manchester, and Paul Reid

      ,   , 2016

  ,   , 2016


* * *






 


21 1940         .        ,        .          . ,      -,      .    ,       ,        ,       .      . ,    ,   -.    ,     ,    ,    .

   10  -    -   .       .   .       .   ,   ,         ,     ,     ,  ,     ,           ,    .      ,      -     .      , ,     [1 -        (19391945),      .      -. (. .)],      .                  [2 - WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.].

       ,     .  , ,         -    .    ,  ,         ,        .  ,   ,           ,     .         .         ,                ,    .

  ,     ,    .                 ,  ,  , ,  . ,    ,  , ,   ,       ,  .    ,    . -  ,    ,     ,    :       ,   ,     ,   ,     [3 - John Wheeler-Bennett, Action This Day: Working with Churchill (London, 1968), 140; Cv/3, 267, 387; Kay Halle, Irrepressible Churchill: Stories, Sayings and Impressions of Sir Winston Churchill (London, 1985), 171.].

     ;      ,     .          . -      ,         ,    ,    ,  ,  ,   .          ,  , ,   .  , ,        ,     ripe , л,     ,     10[4 -    -, 10   10. (  ,    , . .)],        ripe  right.

,     ,                 .             ,    ,    (      ,     ),        . ,       ,      -  -, 10   (  ,      ),    ,             1940 ,         -,     ,   [5 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 5356; PFR/Winston S. Churchill, 5/04 (summer sunshine); GILBERT 6, 121415 (recollection of Elizabeth Layton).].

 ,        [6 -   (18861968) , ,  ,     1935  1945 .   1940   1941             .    --. (. .)], ,    -  ,   ,         .

  ,        .  .         . -          ,    ,    .   ,          -, ,        , -  .    ,      ,     .        80-  -, ,  ,  :      ,          .      :   ,   ,      ,     .   ,         ,   -  ,  ,    .               :  ,     ,  ,    .      ,   ,     [7 - John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 19391955 (New York, 1985), 406; Lord Moran, Churchill: Taken from the Diaries of Lord Moran (Boston, 1966), 451; Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 133; Cv/3, 1309, 1471 (Baldwinfamily); TWY, 307.].

   (, , )     ,    .       ,  ,  -.     .     ,    ,   ,    , ,      ,        ,         ,     : , , ,    ,            , .

27 ,   ,     -    ,      .         ,     -,    .  ,  ,        -  ,   .   ,  ,  .      :    ,   .   ,          .     : ,      .       (        ).      .   ,   ,     ,    [8 - Mary Soames, Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage (New York, 2003), 383.].

 1940     ,         ,  ,          .       ,        ,        .

,       ,   ,      ,   .           .    :    ,       ,  ,   .          . ,   ,  ,    ,  ,    , ; , ,   ,     ,     .             ,     .  1940             ,    :    [9 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 79, 140.].

      - ;    :  ,     .          .      ,   ,  ,       ,  ,    ,       .      .           ..           ,        ,   .             ,         . ,  ,       .    .   ,   ,   ,              , ,       ,  :     ,  [10 - Queuetopia  , ,  .][11 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 434; WSCHCS, 7912; Winston Churchill, My Early Life: 18741904 (New York, 1996), 112.].



        ,   ,  -,   ,  ,  ,  .    .     ,    .            ,   ,       .    . - ,      ,  ,        ,  ,           .    ,      ,     ,        ,        [12 - Colville, Fringes, 17071; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 93.].

     XIX ,     .    ,         English Hours ( ) ,       .          ,       ;       ,     . (     Romeo y Julieta).      .        1926     .       ,     ,      ,         .       ,      ,         [13 - Moran, Diaries, 265.].

,            ,   ;      .        .  ,   ,               .        .        ,     . -       ,      ,    ,     .     ,  .   .  ,   .  - ,   :   ?  ,    .  ,  -  , ,     ,      ,    ,       .   ,        [14 - Anthony Montague Browne, Long Sunset (London, 1996), 118; Walter H. Thomp son, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 84.].

     ,  ,         . - ,    ,          ,   -  - .     ,      ,   ,  .        ,   .  ,   ,      ,       , ,      ,     .  ,          , ,    , ,     ,     ,    ,    .       , ,     .    ,  ,    ,        [15 - Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 84; WM/Sir Robert Boothby, 10/16/80.].



     ;      (       ).    (     ,      - ).   ,   ,   .  ,      ,   ;  ,    , ,   , ,   .       ,         ,       ,     ,     -.     ,     4-  ,       ,      ,        , ,  ,     .     .    : ,     .       .  ,         -,          ,    ..         ,  ,      [16 - WM/G.M. Thompson, 10/24/80; Colville, Fringes, 217; WSC 6, 752.].

         ,    ,   .  : ,     ,    .   ,    -,   ,   .     ()      ,        [17 - WM/G.M. Thompson, 10/24/80.].

 ,     1940 ,     .           ;     , ,  ,  ,    ,    ,  ,    .  ,        ,     1940     ,  ,    ,     .  ,        ,       ,  ,    .         ,      ,     ,         .    ,        ,  ,       [18 - WM/G.M. Thompson, 10/24/80; Colville, Fringes, 136, 14243, 231; E.L. Spears, Assignment to Catastrophe, 2 vols. (New York, 1955), 1:154; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

     ,   ,    ,     ,  ,  ,     ,       (     s    Calais  )    .      :    ,   ,       , ,     ..,      .     .           ,       ,   , ,   .. ..,  ,   ,  [19 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 153; Colville, Fringes, 19596; WSC 6, 733 (foreign names were made for Englishmen).].

      ,        ,    ,   ,   ,      . -    (      )       -,        ,   ,  ,   .    ,     ,  ,     ,        ,       .  ,   ,       ,  ,  , ,                   ,   ,  ,  [20 - Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York, 1948), 688. [ ..   :    . -  , 1958]].

           ( ,       ,    ).          .     ,   Pol Roger ( Hine,      ),  .  ,     ,   Johnnie Walker Red Label.      ,       ,       .      .    ,  . ,      (,   )   (    ),   ,  ,      ,      bombe glace (   ). ,         ,  (      )   ,        .                ,      ,         [21 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 18283; WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80 (Johnnie Walker Red and daily routine); PFR/Winston S. Churchill, 3/04.].

,     ,     .     ,    ,  ,     ,  ,     .     . ,     , , ,          ,           . ,  ,     , ,           -  养. ,   ,        [22 - Colville, Fringes, 417; Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 24; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.].

  , ,   ,    .      ,   ,            .     ,        ,       .  ,       ,      .     , ,     ,             .  ,     ,  ,    ,   ,      ,     .   ,  ,       . -          ,    . ,  ,    ,      :      ,  -     . ,    ,   ,  - [23 - Colville, Fringes, 319; Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman, eds., Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke: War Diaries 19391945 (Berkeley, 2003), 637.].

      ,       .         ,  ,   (   Webley[24 -  Webley ()    1870-    Webley & Son Company.  1887  1963      .]);  ,         [25 -      1919         18-       .          .      ,        ,     .    1933    21-    .].

  -        ,         .     .  ,         ,     .    ,     .         , ,      ,         . , , , ,        ,  ,    ,     ,   ,     [26 - Martin Gilbert, Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (New York, 1984), 4244; WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80; NYT, 5/5/09; Warren Kimball, Finest Hour, spring 2007, 3133.].

-       , :     ,    [27 - WM/Oscar Nemon, 1980.].

       .        -             .       ,     ,   Daily Mail,         .

18   :    ,     ,      ,       [28 - WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; Colville, Fringes, 16365.].

 -    ,   -     ,    : , ,  ,   ,   ,           .             ,      ,    .     .    .            .      (       ),          [29 - WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 179; WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80; Moran, Diaries, 360.].

 ,  ,    ,   ,       .     ,       16?13 .   ,    ,  ,        ;     ,  ,       ,      ,     -      .  ,      ,    ,   ,     .   ,        ,    (       ),   ,      ,   ,  ,   ,    ,  .      [30 - John H. Peck, The Working Day, Atlantic Monthly, 3/65.].

       ,  ,  ,     .       .       .          ,              ĸ[31 -    (19351943),  -   (19431945),         30   23  1945 .],   .

           ;           .  ,   -[32 - -  ,            .       -           ,      .],           ,     ,   .     ,         ,  .         ,         (    ,      ).       , ,   ,   .   , -   : [33 -        , , -.],         ,   ,      [34 - F.H. Hinsley et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War, 5 vols. (London, 1979).].

       ,   ,   ,            .       .      ,    :       ,     -      -.       ,   ,  ,        ,       .       - :  ,    ,     . ,   ,     , :  ,   3 .      ,       : ,  养  , 养[35 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 20, 23.].

,   ,   ,        ,      .              . ,         -   ,      ,           ,     ,    [36 - Colville, Fringes, 130.].

   ,      .         .    ,     ,    , ,        ,     ,  .   .       :   ,     ,         .       .     , ,  -,  ,    . ,   ,     ,     .       .            , ,  ,      .   , ,    ,      -  ,      . -     16:00    -.     ;   .     -.      ,  ,    ,    [37 - Tom Hickman, Churchills Bodyguard (London, 2005), 130; Colville, Fringes, 223.].

      ,   .   ,             .        .          ,    ,       .      ,        ,  , ,    ,   ( 1943   ),   ,     .  ,     , ,   .   ,  ,      ,   .     ;    ,  ,    [38 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.].

        :   ,   .   ,      . , ,      ,    ,     .         ,             -,       , -        ,   ,  -        .         ,  -        .             ,   , -  .   ,          .    ,     . ,     , ,    (   ,  -)         .  ,   , ,    ,         .        ;  ,   .    ,  ,           ,    .      ,    ,        .  , -   ,     ,  ,      - .           ,  -    -  [39 - WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 185.].

    ,       ,  .    ,    ,   .    ,   - ,   ,        ,   .   ,  ,      ,      .      ,      ,      ,      . -     ,         .       -   ,   ,   .             : ,     .     .      ,     ,        ,       ,   ,   .   ,    ,     . ,    ,       ,        .  , , .      ,    ,    ,  .     ,     ,  ,    [40 - PFR/Lady Mary Soames, letter of 9/3/07; Moran, Diaries, 100; Colville, Fringes, 416.].

    ,      ,         . ,  ,        ,         . (     ;  .    , ,   .    .)       :  ,      ,   ,     .      ,   ,         ,   : ,    .      ,       ,      .      ,   .     ,  ,     ,      ,       .

,   ,     ,  (    )   .    ,     ,           .        .   ,      .     .   .      [41 - WM/William Deakin, 1980; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 178.].

     ,          :    ,      .           ,      .          ,      ,   . -   , ,   ,            ,     ,           .    ,    ,   ,   ,   -  ,  1940 ,   ?[42 - Colville, Fringes, 416; Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 263.]

     .                ;   ,   ,    .   ,    .     - , ,       ,      :  .   :     ,    ,   .   ;   ,   .  ,         , ,       ,      ?.       :  []           ,   .             .             .    ,    , ,     .       ,    .     ,      . -  ,            ,   ,      :        . ,      ,      :   ,  ?[43 - Colville, Fringes, 481; Moran, Diaries, 111, 604; WM/Pamela Harriman (wolly gogs), 8/22/80; Browne, Long Sunset, 22021 (Sinatra).]

         ,    .       ,  .    ,  . ,  ,    ,    .         ,  ,   ,   [44 -      ,     .  ,   ,        XVIII .      -           .],        .

     ,      ,   .      ,     .    ,       ,       ,  ,     .       ;           .      ,            .    ,       ,       [45 - WSCHCS, 6307.].

     : Cogito, ergo sum , , .        ,   ,      .        .     : , , . -         ,         ,   .    .     ,   ,     ,    ,  ,        .  1932      Thoughts and Adventures (  ),          (   );      (, , );  (,    ,    ). ,       ,    .         .    , , .       ,     ,         .        .    ,    ,   [46 - Moran, Diaries, 604; Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (New York, 1991), 204.].

       -, 10  .. ,        ,     (      )          .   1939    ,       .  ,  ,          ,     . ,   ,    ,    ,         .     :     :   ,   ,            ,   ,    ,                   ,         [47 - R. V. Jones, The Wizard War (New York, 1978), 106.].

      ,         .   ,  , , ,        ,       ,  ,    ,   XIX ,          ,   ,        .      ,  ,       .    ,   ,   ,              .   ,    ,        .   ,  ,        .

           .        ,         .        ,        , ,   ,      ,      ,   .             .       ,      ,  .      ,     .        ,            .          -   ,         .     ,                 .       ,  ,    .     ,     .     ,       (          ):       .              , , ,     . ,        .       . -,     ,  ,         ,   [48 - Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 345, 346; Moran, Diaries, 444.].

   ,           ,      ,  ,      ,         ,   ,  ,   [49 - H. Chartres Biron ed., Sir, Said Dr. Johnson (London, 1911), 112, 213.].

       .  1915 ,        (  ),     ,          .     ,      ,       - ,     .  ,              .         :       . ,      ,     ,       ,   ,         [50 - Biron, Sir, 216; Colville, Fringes, 341; W&C-TPL, 111, 213.].

    . -     ,    .     ,          1735 ?.       .        .     .       ,   ,     .     ,  [] :    ,       .             ,  ,  ,        ,   .     ,    ,            .          .      ,        .           .       ,   ,               ,   ,     ,  ,         .   ,        .      ,    , ,     ,     ,   -       .           ,      ,       .   .   ,  ,  ,    ,  : ,   ,    [51 - WSC 5, 704; Anthony Montague Browne, speech to Churchill Society; Roy Jenkins, Churchill: A Biography (London, 2011), 702n; Colville, Fringes, 239, 578; Moran, Diaries, 781.].

-     :         ,        .     ;   ,     [52 - Colville, Fringes, 482; Richard Langworth, ed., Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations (London, 2008), 463.].

   :   ,    ( ).          .       .    ,    ,      ,       ,          ?      ,  ,    -,  .     ,            .   ,      ,    .             .

    .  ,     ,   ,    ,   .    , ,     ,         ,   :  ,    .  ,      ,     .   ,  ;    ,     .             ()      ,       XIX . ,     , :    -           ,      ,    ,        [53 - Randolph S. Churchill, Winston S. Churchill: Youth, 18741900 (Boston, 1996), 208.].

   ,       ,          .      ,  , , ,   ,      .   ,    ,     ,       .    ,            ,   .   ,         . ,          ,     ,               ,    .

         (    ),      . -          :



  .

  ,     ,

  ,    


,  ,  ,    [54 - GILBERT 7, 348; Colville, Fringes, 526; Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 69091.].

 ,   ,    ,    .        ,     (         ).       ,      ,     ,           ,     XX .      ,     .    ,    .      ,    ,  ,    ,        .           ,    [55 - WSCHCS, 5818.].

         ,           ,   ,   .   ,     .

         ,     .    .  ,    . ,  ,      .         (Great Contemporaries),  :            ,     .     .    ,  ,      ,  .     ,      ,   ,  ,    (  )  ,          .    ,    -              .      :    .  ,        .

    ,      .                 ,  ,         .      , , , ,  ,   ,           .    ,   ,    .           [56 -        ,    ,  :    ;   ;   ;    .   ( , 24  1941 ).         ,        . (. .)],      [57 - WM/Viscount Antony Head, 1980.].

     ,     ,         .       ,     .          ,   ,    [58 -      ,        (     ),   ().      ,          .     ,     : ,   .    ,     ,    ,    .].

         ,      ,       .        ,   .     ,    ,   ,         .  ,   ,    . ,   ,    ,     , ,  ,        ,     .      , ,   ,     , ,                 .         ,   .         ,   ,  ,      , -,   [59 - H.H. Asquith, Letters to Venetia Stanley, edited by Michael Brock and Eleanor Brock (Oxford, 1982), 267; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.].

,   , ,   , - ,                   .    ,  ,        .           ,    -, .      ,       .          ,       ,        ,     ,    . , ,     ,  :     ,                .       ,   ,    .

		 ,   ,
		   .
		    ,
		    [60 - Violet Bonham Carter, Winston Churchill: An Intimate Portrait (New York, 1965), 4; WSCHCS, 6250, 6264.].

      ,   ,   .    . -,      ,  ,        ,   [61 -     .],       , ,        ,     .           :

		   , ,
		   !

  ,      ,      ,   .                      .  ,   ,      .  - ,   ,    [62 - Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 729; WSC 4, 79697.].

      ,   .          .   ,  , ,   ,   ,   , ,    .   ,  , ,    ,    ,              .       ;     .               , , ,          ,     ,       ,           . , ,  ,      .     ;    .  ,   ,   ,     ,    :         ,       ,    .  , , ,  ,  ,   , ,            ,        [63 - Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 241.].

,   ,      ,           :

		   
		  :
		   
		  .
		   ,
		     
		   ,
		   .

,   ,     ,      .

         .  , ,     .          . 16         -,               .      10     ,      ,   ,    ,   .        (    ,       ). , ,        ,      -.   ,  ,     .     ,   ,      .   ,      Henry Poole & Co[64 -     .         ,       .  1822    ,     ,     .      1846      .          -,    Savile,    .           .      ,   .   1900      300 .       VII,  II,  III, ,    .            ,        .],    -[65 - Colville, Fringes, 158; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.].        . ,        ,     - ,     ,     Old Man River (-).               ,  ,      酻,   ,        .             .     ,  :    ?    .    ,   :  , ,      .         ,  ,   .     , ,      ,   ,   .      :   ,     ?[66 - Moran, Diaries, 158; WSC 6, 115; Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 257.]



      ,     -  1917 ,   ;     ,    .          ,   ,   1855                            .    ,     ,     : ! ! -!   ,            ,     1890- . ,      ,    ,             ,    . ,       ,      .  ,       .   ,    ,      ,      .    -     ,    ,   .   ,     ,    .   ,     .     ,   ,  , :  ,       [67 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; Browne, Long Sunset, 114.].

            .           ,     ,       ,    ,      .        ;   10    .         (          ,   ).        :   ,   ,   .       ,   ,    .       ,          .   ,   ,   ,   .  ,               ,      .    ,   ,   ,    .        ,   ,  ,  ,   .    ,        (-   ),        .       ,    .     ,     ,   .         ,     , ,     , :  , .   ? -,   ,  : , , .       [68 - M. GILBERT 7, 1322 (This wicked man); WSCHCS, 6277; Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 137.].

      .         .  ,   ,         ,          .     ,    ,            ( ,    ,    ).     ,      .    ,    , ,      ,    ,  ,      [69 - WM/William Deakin, 1980; WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980.].

     ,    ,          ;       .      , ,         [70 -             ,       .        .           .            .        :     ,   .     :       ,      .],  :  .

 ,       ,             , ,   .    ;            ,        [71 - ,  , 1-        , , ,   .    .               - .] Evening Standard  Daily Express.

   ,             ,         , ,   ,   .  ,     , ,    - ,   .     ,   ;          .

,     ,     ,         ,  ,   -       ,      .       ,   ,     .         ,        .       ,          .     ,  . ,   ,  ,  ,  ,       ;      ,       .      ,         [72 - ,           .].

 ,    ,       ,     ,        . ,  ,         .

            ,             ,           .      ,        ,         .       ,         .         ,     ,    . ,   -,      .

  ,    ; ,  ,   .    ,    -  ,       .     ,  ,           ,    . , !  .   !     !    ,     ,   .  ,   , , ,       .       ,   -    .       .     ,   ,        .    ,     .          ,         .            ,      [73 - WM/William Deakin, 1980; WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980.].

    ,         ,     .  ,              .      ,       ,             :    ,        .   ,     ,    ,  ,       ,      -. ,      ,   .     -. , ,    - ,      :  ,  !  ,  ,  .     ,         .    [74 -         ,      ,      .             ,     .        1945 .]       [75 - WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980; GILBERT 6, 1156; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 183; Daily Telegraph, 3/18/09.].

  ,      .   ,   ,   ,  ,   .

     ,   ,           ,    ,   ,   . ,  ,      ,     .      ,   ,      -  ,     ,  ,  ,     .            ;          After the Ball, Goodbye, My Love, Keep Right On Till the End of the Road,      . ,      ,  ,       . ,  , ,  ,  :  .        [76 - WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 285.].

   2   ,  40   ,      .  ,           ,       [77 - WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80.].



,      ,   ;      .        ;         ,    ,  ,        ,     . ,   .. , ,            .           ,       .   prefabricated  ready-made?[78 -    .]

Appreciate that (, )        ;         recognize that, , . -  ,       ,    extraordinary.   :  extraordinary.   .  remarkable[79 -     .].

        A Dictionary of Modern English Usage (    )  ,             -[80 - Vincent Sheean, Between the Thunder and the Sun (New York, 1943), 260; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 14647.].

  ,  ,       [-]  -,     . , ,    .  ,   ,      ,  ,  .            -.           ,   .              .  ,     ,   ,    ,  ,       .    ,             :  ,  , , ,       [81 - WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.].

    , ,               ,   ,     XIX , ,   , , ,      .  -  ,   ,       Enfield   [82 - -    .     1895 .       ,    ,      The Royal Small Arms Factory (   ).  ()    ,      .],                .

  19141918   ,  ,    ,   . ,         ,    .      -     1940    1941 ,     ,      .   ,     ,         - .  ,  1940    ,          .        ,      ,  . , , :    ,    [83 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 139.].



    ,     , ,        ,   ,            .     1930-       .   1940 ,   ,           ,       .      ,     .      ,       , ,     ,     .    ,  ,     ,  .    ,  , ,    ,     , , , ,      ,   .    , , ,     .  1940 ,      ,  ,  ,    ,   [84 - Anthony Storr, Churchills Black Dog, Kafkas Mice, and Other Phenomena of the Human Mind (New York, 1973), 5, 27, 4950.].

  ,         ,          , ,        1930- ,      ,     .   1939  ,          .     ,      ,       .

  ,   ,  , ,         , , ,   .   ,           ,   ,   ,      ,             .             廠              .       ,      ,   , - ,           (     ,         ).  ,  ,    .      1911 ,         , , ,    :  ,              (       ).    , ,   ,     .     ,       .    ,  .   1944        ,         ,   :       ,    .    ,      .          .        ,    .              .  1911        [85 - W&C-TPL, 53; Moran, Diaries, 179.].

   ,   ,      .                ,    ,       .      .    ,   -  ,        .    -  , - ,  ,  ,      .            .     ,        :  (   )   (  , )       ,     ,    , ,  ,        ,    .      ,   :    ,  ,  , ,  ,   ,     [86 - Moran, Diaries, 112; PFR/Dr. Ron Pies (clinical psychiatrist, professor, Tufts University School of Medicine), 2007; PFR/Dr. David Armitage (Col. U.S. Army, ret.), 2007; Dr. Michael First (editor, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev. [DSM-IV-TR], lead author, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR [SCID], electronic and telephone communications, 3/07, 10/08; Browne, Long Sunset, 119.].

            (   1940   )   ,        .  , , ,    .  ,           ,  ,  ,  ,        ,       .

             ,      ,   ,    .     ,     ,   ,      .         ,   ,      .  ,      ,             . , ,         ,    ,   ,      .      10    ,    ,  - ,           . -  ,       , , ,     ,      []   ,    .    :     ,     .     - ,      [87 - Hastings Lionel Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (London, 1960), 155; Colville, Fringes, 215.].

   ,   ,  ,   ,           .       .       .    ,         ,      .

  -  ,  ,   ,       ,      ; ,    ,     ,    .



     ,    ,    .  ,     ,     .   ,    .      ,       :              .     ,        ,   ,   .    :  .    ,     .       ,         ;      .        .    ,        ,     ,       ,     .  ,     ,    ,    .    ,     .         , ,     ,    1940 .     ,      ,     -,        ,   ,   , , , ,     [88 -       .].

              ,     ,      [89 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 578; Moran, Diaries, 827; Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 58.].

      1940  ,           .  1940           .              .                 .      .   ,      ,   ;            .    16-          (           )[90 -   16-   3500 .    16-    3754 .].

 1940          ,   ,         .     .     .    .  .   [91 - John Keegan, The Mask of Command (New York, 1987), 23638.].

          ,     . ,   ,   - . , ,   ,             .   ,        ,   .         ,  ,    .     , , ,   .   ,    ,    ,          ,       [92 - David Rising Hitlers Final Days Described by Bodyguard, AP, 4/24/05.].

   , ,         1940 .

    ,         ,       .    -,    ,     :   ,    .          .        ,      ,          .   , -   ,    .           ,       ,   ,   -,     ,    ,     ,  ,   ,  ,    :      .        ,    ,     ,  ,  ,   ,   [93 - Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 33536.].






 1939   1940 


 ,  ,    ,      ,  ,         .      .              ,       das Ausland   ,      .     1930-           .     ,     ,   ,  ,   .        .  ,   ,   ,   .    , 1  1939 ,        ,  .        .            ,    .

     ,  (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht),   ,   ,       .   ,     ,            .  ,     ,             .        ,   .       , -    ,           ,     . ,   ,    : En avant! (!)       ,   ,     .

    .       ,          ,     ,      . ,   ,   ,     ,     .   .        ,    .  .

      ,   1940 ,  . ,  ,     ,    ,   .             .

    ,     , der Sitzkrieg ( ).     la dr?le de guerre ( ),      .      ;       .     ,     ,     ,     .     ,      .        ,   .


* * *

  ,    .  1939/40    ,       1895  ( ,       ,       ,  ),    .      .     ,    . 3   ,  ,   : ,        [94 - David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 19381945 (New York, 1972), 267.].

      .      ,  ,    .  ,       ,    .  -   The New Yorker,       ,   ,           .  , ,   ,      ,   ,      ,   :        [95 - Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes, 19391945 (London, 1972), 62.].

   XVIII              : , , , .         ,        ,    .        .      ,    ,     ,     1940     -  .

   ,  ,   - ,  ,    ,       .    ,   ,    ,   .         .    ;  ,     , , ,   ,      ,  - .

   :  ,  ,  ,     .         , ,   .      ,  .    10  -        -,     .   , ,    ,       ,   - .  ,   Union des Femmes de France (  ),           ,    :        .       ,         ,   ,      .      1914 ,          Kaiserwetter ( ).       Hitlerwetter ( ).    ,   ,    ,   v?llig Panzerwetter (  )[96 - Dilks, Diaries, 267, 272, 283; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

,     ,    ,   , ,   ,    .              ,   ,   ,  -  ,  ,  , ,   Paris Soir,      .  [97 -  ,    , , , ,    .],          1940 , :

,  ,      ,        - ,      ,    ,     ,        .     ![98 - Clare Boothe, Europe in the Spring (New York, 1941), 127.]

  gai[99 -  (.).]  ,        .

      ,          .       ,    ;    ,     ;      ;     ,            ,      ,          , ,          ,     .

       .       ,      ;       2  ,     .         (Conseil Superieur de la Guerre),       , ,       .    ,      , , ,      ,     ; ,   ,      ,     ,         ,     - .

    ,  ,       ,  .     ,   ,     .       (British Expeditionary Force, BEF)    .      400      18    ,      ,   ,         .    .     ,    ,   .

           1940    .   ,   ,         .    ,     1914 , ,      .

         .  1938             .   1940  ,   , ,   ,             .       ,    .   ,              [100 - WSC 1, 55859.].

     -.    ,   ,      ,          , ,    ,       ,    [101 - Vincent Sheean, Thunder, 83.].

,     ,   ,        .       ,    ,       ,      .   ,              ,      ,  ,       ,    [102 - General Andre Beaufre, Le Drame de 1940 (Paris, 1965).].

 ,     ,     ,      . -      ,   ,     .   ;    ,   ,  ,               . , ,   ,         ,      ,     .

      ,      ,   .  ,   .   ,    ,  --  ,       , ,       ,   ,  ,           ,     , , ,   ,    .     ,         ,   ,  .       .

    .   -       ,     ,     . ,       ,    .   ,     ,  ,    ,   .    ,   ,     .          .

 ,  ,   ,       : ,   ,       -  ,   ,   , ,   ,     ,    ,   ,     .   , ,      ,  ,     ,   :    ,        ?[103 - Charles de Gaulle, Lettres, Notes et Carnets, vol. 2: 1942 May 1958 (Paris, 1980), 486.]



,         ,     .   .   , ,   .  Times ,         ,             .        -;                .

 1940        ,    [104 -       ,        1666 .   87          51,      .     .     : Se monumentum requires, circumspice       .]   ,       -.

, ,   ,         .  ,  ,    :     ;  Light of Heart  ,   ; -        Somewhere over the Rainbow[105 - -  黠  -,   ,   .     1939    .].

,       ,  . Times,      ,    ,    .

   .     --,     ,     ,    ,         ,   .             ,     ,  , ,    ,  ,  .  ,         ,   ,    :       ?    :    ,    [106 - BBC broadcast, 3/30/40; WSCHCS, 6201.].

  -,   , -,              ,    ;      .  ,   -, 10,   :      .    ,  ,      ,      ,  .  :   ,     ,    ,             -.    ,               -  .    .          Deutschland Uber Alles (  )      Horst Wessel Lied (  ),     ,     [107 - Colville, Fringes, 2526.].

   .    ,        ,  ,  ,      ,   ,  ,    .      ,      ,     ,      .          ,    ,         ,    , , ,    Punch[108 -           ,    ,         ,   .          .],       ,               .

     .        .  ,    , ,   ,    ,  ,       .      .  , 2 , -      ,    ,   ,   ,   .     ,      ,       .

          .                   .            .   , -      ,     ,        .      .

         8  1940    .  ,      ,  :  ,     .     .    Associated Press,   ,   ,    ,    .   , ,   ,      ,         , ,  , [109 - William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary (The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 19341941) (New York, 1941), 32930.].

        ,     .  ,       .            .       .

     .  Mein Kampf      ,   (Entscheibungskampf).    .     :     .         10-   ;       10 ,   ,  .      [110 - Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, edited by John Chamberlain et al. (New York, 1939), 766.].

              ,    .     - ,  9-  ,   :  1941     .       : DETENTE AU HOLLANDE (  ).



  -,    ,      ,      ,  400  ,       2  100  .         ,   ,    ,  ,   ,    .     ,       1914 , ,    ,      ,   ,    .               .   ,   .         .       .     .         ,  566 ,     -.      ,   ,   -   ,   ;              ,         ,  3   .

    .    ,   ,        .    Ļ,             .  ,  ,   ?   ,   ,      .       () ,    ,   ,    ,  87-    ,         .

      ,   .            ,       ,     .   ,    ,         ,    ,   [111 -  ,    , ,        .           Sequoia,      . (. .)],     .

55  ,  ,     . , ,       ,      ,       :          ,    ,        ,            .  ,  ,            . ,  ,    .    ,          .      ,          .          .

 ,   ,      ,    , ,  -  ,          ,     .     .        ,   ,    ,          ,       .      (Conseil Superieur de la Guerre)   ,       (),   ,   - ,     1918 ,   .      ,           ,         ,   ,         .  ,  ,       [112 - Rene de Chambrun, I Saw France Fall (New York, 1940), 5455.].

      .    ,     ,    .      .     ,        1914      .  ,        .         ,   1936   ,  III,  ,        .         ,  ,    .    ,        ,             [113 - De Chambrun, France, 5455.].

       ,     ,       1918 .        ,    ,      ,     .  ,    , ,          . ,  ,   ;   ,    . 11  1939             ,            ,    ,     ,   .      ,  ,       ,   .

     . ,    ,     .    ?        ,              .      .     ,   91    ,    1918 ,     ,    .  ,           ,    .

  ,        ,   ,   ,        ,    .  ,     , ,                ,     .         : , ,    ! ,     .      ,  ,   ,     ,  , ,    [114 - Alphonse Goutard, 1940: La Guerre des Occasions Perdues (Paris, 1956), 131; Boothe, Europe, 1941.].



  ,     ,   ,        ,     .         ,    1  315  poilus[115 - Poilu   ()   -    .]  27      18  27 ,     ,  , ,  .

           .        ,   ,      ,      .     ,        .         .      .  ,    ,   ,  .      ,  .

 ,       ,  .       ,      .    1940    ,        ,       .   ,   ,  .        .          .     ,   ,   ,      ,         ,     ,        .  ,      ,     :  .     .   .        .    .    ,      [116 - William Bullitt, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 1: 19451950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment (Washington, DC, n.d.), 469.].

      ,      .          , 10 .      .



         .        ,         ,         .          ,   . -, , ,         ,     .      ,    ,       .           ,        ,   .       ,          [117 - WSC 1, 454.].

      8   .    ,   ,     , ,  .   ,        60     ,   .     .       .     ,   .

    ,       ,    .   ,       ,               .      ,         ,      .      .       ,         ,   ,      , , ,      [118 - F.W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret (New York, 1974), 50.].

  , 9 ,  250-  ,     :   .     .   ,       ,     ,        .       ,    1935 ,  -    .         ,   .    .  -           ,   .    .     ,   .   : ,    -[119 - GILBERT 6, 305.].



 21:00          .

         ,  10  1940 ,  ,  4:19  2        (     )  .    ,   ,           .   ,    ,     ,      [120 - Len Deighton, Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk (New York, 1979), 191.].

 5:30      .     ,  - .

 :

   ?

 :

   .    -  ?

 :

 .

  !  .               .      ,     ,   .   ,  3-    ,  , -  ,    ;       ,    .       ,   [121 - General Maurice Gustav Gamelin, Servir, 3 vols. (Paris, 1947), 3:389.].

      .    ,     ,    ,          ,  ,  Β,  .   Roll Out the Barrel,   ,     1939 ,  ,     :

		Run, Adolf, run Adolf, run, run, run!
		Here comes a Tommy with his gun, gun, gun!

		(, , , , , , !
		     , , !)

     : Tipperary, Keep the Home Fires Burning  Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit Bag      .   ,    ,   .     New York Times:      ,    ,             [122 - Boothe, Europe, 24142.].

          . ,    ,   .

   .

         .        .      :        [123 - Adolf Heusinger, Befehl im Widerstreit: Schicksalsstunden der deutschen Armee 19231945 (Tubingen, 1950), 88.].



      ,                  .   ,   ,     ,    ;  ,   -  The New Yorker,     .      ,    .    ;       . ,   ,    .    ,      ,  -[124 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 5657.].

         ,    .   ,      ,    ,      .       ,        : , , , .         ,     ,   ,     .       The Drums of the Fore and Aft (   ).       , ,    , ,       ,        ,           ,        .

   , ,     ,  .              .       ?     ,   ,        ?    ,  , ,   ?   .        ,      ,   ,         .



  .         .            ,      .   ,  ,   .

   ,  ,  ,     .     ?    ? ? ?  ?

     :  [125 - Dilks, Diaries, 277.].




 1



   1940 


     , 10 ,        ,          VI,      .    ,       ,   ,  , ,   ,   .      - ,     ,    .          ,        .        ,   (, ,  ,    )     .   ,       ,     :       [126 - GILBERT 6, 313; John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 19391955 (New York, 1985), 12122.].

        -        ,         .       ,   ,  -         .  -         ,      .       ;    ,  , ,  ; ,  ,  ;              .    ,      [127 - John W. Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI: His Life and Reign, 18651936 (New York, 1958), 443; GILBERT 6, 307, 317.].

 --    .          ,  ,     .  ,       [128 - WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80.].

  -, 10,          .      , ,   ,    ,   -        -  (Womens Auxiliary Air Force, WAAF).  ,  , ,      ,   ,      .       1936              . ,   ,  ,     - .      ,       ,        :   .     ,    .       ,     [129 - W&C-TPL, 412; Ernst Hanfstaengl, Hitler: The Missing Years (London, 1957), 19396.].

      :     - ,     , 4- .         ;    .    ,   ,   ,     .   ,   ,   ,           10.   ,         ,         .     [130 - WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80; Brian Roberts, Randolph: A Study of Churchills Son (London, 1984), 181.].

 -, ,  ,    ,  ,    .     () ,     10   ,     ,       .     ,  ,     ,     -    .        ,   -:     ,          .     ,      ,    .   1940     ,           [131 - Colville, Fringes, 256.].

    10   ,   -,          .       ,       ,   .      ,  ,   ,  .   , ,      .        :  ,    .   .    ,   ,          [132 - Lord Moran, Churchill: Taken from the Diaries of Lord Moran (Boston, 1966), 5.].

  ,     ;  ,   .       ,  ;     ,   ()    .        .       .     ,    ,        .   ,        ,    .     . 22       ,      .  ,         ,    ,  ,    ,            .    ,             .  ,           .   ,       ,         ,    ,    -.    ,   .       ,         [133 - Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes, 19391945 (London, 1972), 61.].

          ,   ,      :  ,  ,   ()    ,         ,   ,      .         ,  .       ,  ,    ,         , ,     ,         .     -  ,         .           .  ,      , ,   ,  1920-   ,      (      ).     .   ,     ,   , ,  ,         .           .            [134 - Colville, Fringes, 736.].

,  ,         ,    .  ,      ,    .



           .   ,    ,         .        ,              19141918 .    .           ,    ,   :   ,   ,    ,    .     .     :        [135 - WSC 1, 475.].

     ,          .         .         ,    .     .         :     ,    432  607   ,    .      ,    1935 .    -  ,  ,      ,          .         180 ,               ,    ,  -       .

 -,    ,   1930-    ,      ,         .      ,     . ,   , ,    ,    ,      .     () (   )   -       .  , 10  1940 ,         .                 ,   ,     .   , , ,     ,        .      : ,   . , .   ,     ,      ,     [136 - Brian Gardner, Churchill in Power: As Seen by His Contemporaries (Boston, 1970), 6; Colville, Fringes, 12122; Max Plowman, Bridge into the Future: Letters of Max Plowman (London, 1944), 710.].

    -, 10,        ,  .        .  ,   ,        ,      ,  ,   ,          ,  ,     ,  ,        ,          .      ,    .     ,            ,       ,      .   ,          -      -, 10   -     ,           .      ,     ,        [137 - John Wheeler-Bennett, Action This Day: Working with Churchill (London, 1968), 48; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

  .     ,  .           .    ,   10  .     10     ,    ;  -   ,   ,       ,  ,   ,     ,  -     ,   ,      . ,  ,  , ,  .        .   ,    ,  .  ,     [138 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 5153; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; WSC 2, 17.].

    ; ,    ,  -,     ,      .

   ;     .     ,   ,  - ,   ,     ,   .       ,     ,  ,   ,    ,          ,    ,         .       -  ,       .          , ,       ,      ,    .            ,       [139 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 161, 19597; Colville, Fringes, 289, 436.].

   ,          ,    ,              .        ,   ,    ,      ,   .    9:30  (        )    .     ,      ,        .      ,  .        ;   ,    . ,   , ,   ,    . ,   ,     ,   -     [140 - Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 19396; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.].

    ,            .                - : ,     .   [141 - John Rupert Colville, Footprints in Time (London, 1976), 7576; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 147; Ian Jacob, His Finest Hour, Atlantic Monthly, 3/65.].

         .    :  -, 10  ,        [142 - WSC 2, 28; GILBERT 6, 325; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80; Virginia Cowles, Winston Churchill: The Era and the Man (New York, 1953), 317.].

      .              -      .     :     ,    ,  ,  ,  .  -  ,  ;      :     ,  ,  ,   .     ,  ,     , ,  ,         ,         .       ,   ,      :  ,   ?     : ,   , ,    , ,        ;       .   :     ,     ,    ,     ,        .       ,         .             10.    :  ,       ,      [143 - TWY, 85, 99; Hansard 5/13/40 (WSC statement to House).].



    ,      .              , ,    ,  ,    ,        ,      .             ,      (  )     .                .        ,         -    .     .  8  1940    Glorious        Acasta  Ardent          Gneisenau  Scharnhorst.          Glorious    ;         ,     - . ,   ,    ,  -,   ,       .          Glorious   Gneisenau  Scharnhorst,    -   .        ,       ;       Glorious, -, ,     ,  .    ,     ,     .

     ,      ;      160             .          ,       . ,   ,                  ,         . , ,   [144 - Arthur Bryant, The Turn of the Tide: A History of the War Years Based on the Diaries of Field-Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, 19391943 (New York, 1957), 21.].

,  ,               ,         ,              .                    :       .   13 ,      -,      10    ,              [145 -  ,   XVIII ,  1964      .         ,      - (  ).    .],  ,    ,     (    ),   .

     ,            ,     ,    .    ,    :  ,  ,       .                ,        .     : ,      ,  ,      ,         .        ,  ,   ,  ,   :     ,  ,   .        [146 - WSCHCS, 6232; Henry Pelling, Winston Churchill (Conshohocken, PA, 1999), 437; WSC 2, 1011; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 49.].

      .        ,     .  13        .   (- ),   (  )    ( )    .          ;    ,   ,        ,  ,     .      ,   ,   ,    ;     .      ,  ,    .  ,      (   ),     ,      ,      .     .     .      .        .   .   :     ,    .         ,        . ,    ,     ,    ,         [147 - Colville, Fringes, 196.].

 -    .       .   ,     --,      --  1930- ,   ,       . 12                  ,           .        ,    .       ,    :   ,    , ,     ,     ,      -,    [148 - GILBERT 6, 32829; WSC 2, 13.].

           ,      ;       .   ,         .       ,      ,       (        ),      ,    ,      .          ,   ;        ,   .          .   ,    ,       ,    :                .        ?    ,   ,     ,     [149 - Laurence Thompson, 1940 (New York, 1966), 94.].

,   ,         .  Ļ   ,      , ,   -,                 .       ,   ,            -    .    ,  .     50  40   ;  ,      ,    .          . ,  ,    [150 - GILBERT 6, 342; C&R-TCC, 1:38.].

     .        , ,                .    ,     .   4           ;     ,     25 000       (  30 ,    , ,     ).      -         -.      ,   [151 - Thompson, 1940, 118.].

 ,      .    ,         .          ,   3-        .

          -87,   ,     ,           .  --     1-    .    ,  ,         ,    .

      ,   ,   .   ,     ,       .     .         ,      .  , 12 ,        ,      ,   ,            ,     ,    ,    ,     .  ,    , ,          ,      , ,    .   ,     .        .  ,  ,        ,      ,   .   ,        ?[152 - CAB 65/7.]



,  ,  ,     ,       .  ,       .      ,    .             1939 .        -        .

    1940      ,          (Sichelschnitt). ,   ,      :        ,    .  ,       .  ,     ,    ,    .         .        :   ,    ,     .         ,       ,   70   -  ,     .       125      175     ,   .    ,         :   ,  ,     .

    ,          ,        .      ,    .  , 12 ,      ,             1800 , 17      98  .      ,           :       .

 ,        .        ;         .      1918 ,     .         ,  ,    ,   ,    ,      ,     .            ;         ;    ,     , 14 ,      .          , 3     2   .

      . 13   17:30   ,    ,    ,    55-  ,   .          .      .      ,        ,   .     ;    75- ,  ,      .  , ,            ,      .    ,                .  -,       ,     .     .            ;       .

   .    -  18:00  19:00, ,     ,         .  ,   .      ,   ,  , 60 ,    .     .     ,    : ,   ,      .   .     .  !  ![153 - General C. Gransard, Le 10e Corps darmee dans la bataille (Paris, 1949), 141.]

        .  ,   , ,    .     . ,  .    ,   9-    200      .         ,  : ,       .  2- ,     9- .   ,    ,     .   ,   ,  , ,     .               ,    .        !  [154 - William L. Shirer, The Collapse of the Third Republic (New York, 1969), 664; Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle (New York, 1964), 39.].

        60 ,         . ,        ,  .  ,   ,   ,     ,     ,           , .  ,         ,    :   , 15         ,          ,  .

  ,    .       ,   ,  ,   :  . -    ,       , ,   ,     .  , 14 ,  17:45,     ,   :      .         .          .       ,   ,      .  ,        [155 - Alistair Horne, Seven Ages of Paris (New York, 2002), 381402.].

-     .           .        ,         ,   .   ,       .   - ,   .           .   ,   -.  !   ! -,        19141918 , :        !   ,   :    ;           .    :  ,       .  - ,  ,        ;     .   -   ,    :  ;   .    ,       [156 - WSC 2, 42.].

     , ,  , ,  .   ,           ;  ,    .  -  ,  . ,  , ,     .  ,    ,    :      .    .     ,  .     ,   ,      . 16   15:00    ,  ,    ,           -  ,   ,            ,     .

-   ,   ,    .     .  7     ;      ,      . , ,        : , ,  ,       ,   ,  ,     .  ,        ,     ,       ,  [157 - Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Flight from Arras (New York, 1942), 11633 passim.].

        ,    ,      ,    .       .     .   :          ,   ,             .          ;    ,        [158 - WSC 2, 43; de Saint-Exupery, Flight, 120.].

 -   -, ,     ,     .     .   .  ,    ,   ,  le gnralissime ,   .  :     .           .     .           ;  :    . , ,  ,      : Je ne rponds plus de rien (      )[159 - Hastings Lionel Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (London, 1960), 127; Horne, Seven Ages, 381; Vincent Sheean, Between the Thunder and the Sun (New York, 1943), 142.].



,        Ē,   ,    , ,  ,         ,     .   .            ,     ,       .

      ,    .   ,    -.     ,       , , ,   ,    [160 - Ismay, Memoirs, 128.].

   ,  ,    ,       ;     1918         ,  .  ,    .       .    ,   , ,    ,    .     ,  .       ;         .   ,               ,        (         .    ,    ).   :   ? ,  , :  .

  ,    ,   , ,        ,    , .   .      ,  ,    500 ,    ;     ,      , ,    ,      ,  .  ,   [161 - WSC 2, 47.].

   ,     ,      ,   .     ,     ,  .       ,   .         . ,   ,           .   ,  -.       .      ,   ,   ,         .      :           [162 - Paul Reynaud, In the Thick of the Fight (New York, 1940), 32324.].

   , ,   ,       ,    .   ,         ,  ,    ,      .    , ,    ,   , ,    [163 - WSC 2, 4243; de Saint-Exupery, Flight, 120.].

    ,   ,         .   ,   , :    ,   ,   .          . ,  ,     .

,   .     .        .          , ,    ,          .   ,  ,   .         ,  ,     ,         .     .     ,  ,     .   ,   ,   ,   .

  ,  .    .     .      .    ,               ,     .  , ,          ,     .             -     .

  , -    .     ,       ,        ,           .    , ,    ,     .    ,      -.   ,   ,          .      ,   ,    Han,   [164 - Len Deighton, Fighter (New York, 1977), 58; Ismay, Memoirs, 128.].

     ,        .    ,     .   ,    .    , ,   ,      ,      .            .   , -      ,       .  ,   ,    ,    ,       -.              .   ,    ,       .     ,   ,          [165 - Ismay, Memoirs, 12829.].



    -   ,   .  100         ,            .          .  , ,      1939 ,          ,    ʸ P-40,  .      ,  ,      , ,    ,  ,     (   )  ,      . -40,  ,    - .   ,    ,   , :    .    .     .            ,   .     ,   ,    .  :    : !    ![166 - GILBERT 6, 334, 358; Colville, Fringes, 135.]

    19          .     .      ,   , ,     .      , ,   , ,  ,  ,  .    .           .     .  ,       , ,       .     .     ,        ,    .  ,      ,     .   ,       . ,  ,  .  ,  -,    ,        [167 - John Rupert Colville, Man of Valour: The Life of Field Marshal the Viscount Gort (London, 1972), 204; Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon, The Reckoning: The Memoirs of Anthony Eden (New York, 1965), 106.].

           .      --,                ,           ,    .   ,  :       -       ,  ,  , ,  ,  .        . ,                 ,       ,    -                  ,            ,  -     .                     : , , , , ,   ,     ,     ,    ,         [168 - WSCHCS, 622223.].

   ,  ,     .

 ,      ,    ,   [169 - Jones, Diary, 460; W.M. James, The Portsmouth Letters (London, 1946), 15.].

       ,    , ,            . ,    .     ; 1916 ,  ,    ,      .    -[170 - - (Fleet Street)    .       .       .  XVI   -       ,     .          ,  -      .]   :    ,   -  The New Yorker,   .

    ,       ,    19141918 .        ,           ,    ,    .  ,             .     .                     [171 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 67.].

        ,      ,     .      .   ,      .  ,   ,    .        .  ,           .      ,   .  ,    ,       ,        .          [172 - William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary (The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 19341941) (New York, 1941), 43738.].

       .     , ,     1-  ,   :    ,        ,        .    .          .    ,  generalissime   .  ,   ,    [173 - WSC 2, 56; General Maurice Gustav Gamelin, Servir, 3 vols. (Paris, 1947), 3:417.].

 , 20 , 2-    ,   ,  .    ,           ,   ,       1-  7-      .     ,     .    ,  200    20  ,    -,     ,        ,      .

,  ,  .          [174 -      -  512  1914         ,    .          ,            .].

 :   .    ,                 ,  ,   ,             .       ;    .    ,    ,    :     ,              ,           .                   ,      ,      , , ,    [175 - WSCHCS, 6232.].

   .      12,         :  ,  ,         ,   ,    .  2-     6-         .      ,        ,          ,  , ,     , ,    ,   .          ;    , , , , .   ,    ,      (   ) ,  ,    .     12     .

    .     .          .   generalissime ,  ,         .           .       ,       .   .

   18:30     ,          ,                  . ,      , ,         ,     .   ,  ,   ,     .    :   ,        . ,  ,       . ,    , ,        [176 - Roderick Macleod, ed., Time Unguarded: The Ironside Diaries, 19371940 (London, 1974), 327; Premier (Prime Minister) Papers, Public Record Office, Kew, 3/188/3, folio 18; WSC 1, 375.].

 ,  ,  ,            ,      . , ,    ,     ;        .   :           .    :       .   ,  ,    ,    , 22 ,  [177 - Ismay, Memoirs, 131; Colville, Fringes, 13738.].

   -   ; -       - generalissime,     .           ,       Beau Geste[178 -     ,   ,    .].

    ,   ,  .      .  ,  ,    ,      ,       .     12   ,   ,         .      ,      .    generalissime    ,      ,  .

 ,  ,    ,         1-       .       ,   1820 ,     ,           ,      .      ,     .   ,  ,      18:30,   19:30     .     ,       [179 - WSC 2, 6465; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 328.].

    .          ;      .                .  ,     . ,     . ,     .   ,    ,   ,    [180 - William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York, 1960), 728.].

      .        -    .      ,  4:50,      ,   .        .    18:00.       ,     :          ,   .   ,   ,      ;    [181 - Colville, Fringes, 139; GILBERT 6, 385.].

  .     ,     .  ,    20 , sauver lhonneur des armes fran?aises (   ),     .        ,      . ,     ,   ,      ,     .  ,    .  ,    ,   .  ,     ,    ,     .                 .            .         .    ,          ,  [182 - Colville, Fringes, 139; GILBERT 6, 385; WSC 2, 6970.].

      .   ,    ,  -                ,   :     . Generalissime      , ,     , ,       ,             .          ,      .

         .             .       ,       .          .      ,   :       .    ,       ,     ,     - ,     ,  ,       ,     ,   ,     .  ,  ,         .    -.   [183 -     ,     . (. .)].   .   [184 - M.E. L. Spears, Assignment to Catastrophe, 2 vols. (New York, 1955), 2:12021.].

    .   .   ,   ,     .

,       ,  90   ,  .          .  ,    ,        .      300  ,    ,    ; ,  ,          .

 ,  ,        ,  ,           .

          ,         .

        ,         .     ,       .

         -,       .

      .  ,     ,   ,                    ,   .        .     : ,  ,    .    ,      ,      20-                .   ;      ; ,     ,     .    : 16:00.           ,    .  .  :             .     :  -      [185 - L.F. Ellis, The War in France and Flanders 19391940 (London, 1953), 368; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 33132.].

      ,        .   Haltordnung,   -.      ,       .   , , .   ,        .  ,        ,     .

  .            .   ,   ,    , ,       ,    ,   ,        [186 - Ellis, France and Flanders, 208, 389.].

 ,     ,   ,       ,     .  ,        .   ,     .  ,   ,       400  ,    .      ,    100      [187 - Len Deighton, Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk (New York, 1979), 265.].

         .  , 24 ,   ,    ,    ,   25    ,      ,   ,     , ,       .      24     ,  , ,                    .      .     .  :   ,    .     ,    ,     ,   .      ,  ,    ,                 [188 - B.H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War (New York, 1971), 77; David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 19381945 (New York, 1972), 289 90; CAB 65/7; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 332; WSC 1, 393.].

        .       ,     .          ,        .            ,  ,     70   .    .       1-  .   200        ,     .         .     ,   10   ,       .   ,      ;        ,  ,     ,    .

   -      .         .    : ,  ,       ,    .      .. ,    . ,  20    ,   .  ,    .  . Tr?s fatigu [ ],    .       .   [189 - Spears, Assignment, 2: 202, 23637; WSC 1, 389; Bryant, Tide, 90; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 321.].

 , 6-      -,      .   ,  ,     .    ,     (        ).      .         ,     .  ,  ,          .           .      ,        ,      .    ,      .          :    ,      .    :      ,    [190 - Spears, Assignment, 2: 202, 23637; WSC 1, 389; Bryant, Tide, 90; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 321.].

25 ,  ,          :  ,          . , ,      . -   ,  ,  .       .  5-  50-  ,           ,      .           ,           -.  18:30        5-      .    , ,        .

   ,    ,      .   ,        :                     .         ,  , 27 .            ,         ,  .     VI        ,    .   ,       ,   , 28-,  ,        ,  274-  ,             [191 - Time, 1/23/41, 23; Roger Keyes, Outrageous Fortune: The Tragedy of King Leopold of the Belgians 19011941 (London, 1984), 30810, 396.].



 ,   , ,          . 27  ,    ,   :     , ,         ,     .    ,  ,         ,   ,     .  ,  ,        ,  ,  ,      [192 - CAB 65/13.].

  , ,    ,      ,   ,    .      ,  ,   ,          ,    ,      .   ,     ,   -  , , , .   - .   ,  , ,   ,     .       .                ,         ,   ,  ?.   ,   ,     ,         . ,  , ,                 [193 - Dilks, Diaries, 290; ChP 80/11.].

  ,   ,     .       ,  .     :  ,       ,             .          ,  ,         , : :       ,       [194 - Dilks, Diaries, 291.].

   .  1930-     .     .     ;    ,       .  :      ,     ,  ,    ,   ,    ,       [195 - WSC 2, 99.].

,        ,        .         .   ,      .  24  Times  :      ?     ;       ;  ;  -    , ,       -  [196 - Thompson, 1940, 13738.].

,     ,      .    һ,   Times 13 .  14 ,     ,       ,  Times  :    ,             .      .       .   ,    ,   :         ,        ,        ,  :   ,   ,   ߻.  22    ,          -.             .  30   :             .     -[197 - -    , , ,   .     .     ,  .  ,      .  1948          .                .]: ,  ,  ,      !

    Times           [198 -             ,     .]   ,       .

      ,                . ,  .  ,     ,    .          .     ,     ,       ,  ,     .    ,    ,     :   .  ,      ,   [199 - NYT, 5/30/40; TWY, 91; Thompson, 1940, 13334, 139.].

,    5-         ,  ,     . 85-            : 3- , 2- -, 2-  ,   ,   , 6-       .     42-  50- .           ,     .

     : 229-  ,    ,   ,    ,         .        ,    .   ,                , ,  ,           1-  ,   ,   ,     .   ,   26 , . -      ,   [200 - Ellis, France and Flanders, 368.].

   -   .. ,   :       ,     ,        ,  .        :              .      .   :       ,       ,     ,   [201 - Ellis, France and Flanders, 16269; Macleod, Time Unguarded; WSC 2, 82; Ismay, Memoirs, 133.].



    200        1-        ,     . 1-             . 2-   4-        . 2-   -   (Buffs)    . 4-     ,       ,         --.          .   9 ,    , 6-      (Black Watch), 13-/18-   (    ) , 2-    , 2- -   2-    ,   . 2-  ,    ,    .

,   ,  ,   ,  ,    ,      .        (Totenkopf)      ,     ,          ,   ,     ,  .            ;        .     .         ,    .

26        .      ;  ,  ,        ;        , ,      ,    .          , ,   ,        .   ,        ,  .                     .  ,         ,     [202 - Bryant, Tide, 1012 passim.].

  ,          . , ,     68 710 ,    ,    ,    ,  .        ,         ,     .           ,   ,    ;   ,  ,     ,      , ,    , 4- ,      [203 - Ellis, France and Flanders, 326.].



                   ,        .  , 20 ,       .   ,  ,        ,     ,      2  .          ;      .       .              -,    ,             ,             .                     .          .                .        .       ,   ,   -.  ,    ,     -.

26     .    ,   ,  :   . 28 ,            ,      ,     ,  .    ,   , ,             .        , ,   ,       .        ,    -        -[204 - Ellis, France and Flanders, 182; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 340; WSCHCS, 6225.].

        . 23   :  ,          .     ,     ,            .        :             .      ,    .  ,       .      : -  ,   ,   ,       50  .    ,    ,       . 30 ,        ,  ,     17  .  :  ,    - .       ,          [205 - Macleod, Time Unguarded, 333ff.; Ismay, Memoirs, 134.].

      ;   , ,   ,    .    ,         .  28              ,    ,             .   :        ,              [206 -       . (. .)].   ,             ,      .        ,    ,       ,    .

  ,      ,         .   :   ,              ,  .           .               .       ,       .       .

 ,       , :   .     ,       [207 - WSC 2, 100; Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 33536.].



 1940      ;  ,   ,  XVI .           , ,  , ,          ,         .  .      .  .      , ,    ,      .        ,   .  ,              Bf-109,                ,   .      ,                 ,  .

     .               . -           .               ;         800 ,   .          ,         ,      .   ,    ,            .     ,  -      .  ,          .   ,      [208 - WSC 2, 100; Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 33536.].

 26       860  .  160         ,   41     .       ,    .    ,       .      ,   1940         .  , ,        . 26       ,  , ,  ,  , ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , ,    Massey Shaw,  Brighton Queen  Gracie Fields, ,   Princess Maud    .      Endeavour,      ,      .    Count Dracula,  Sundowner,     , ,    ,     Mosquito.        .          .     ,      ,   (  ).  ?  ,   , ,   ,    [209 - WSC 2, 101.].

  -  -, 40     ,   .   ,           ,     .    ; ,    ,     , .       ,     ,    ,        , , ,  . ,      ,        .    ,        , ,     .     ,   .        ,   .

      , 27        ,   ,     ,        ,      ;     .       8  . ,          .        ,     .   . , ,      .        ,    ,     ,    ,       ,        .   ,   .       . -          .    .       Fenella,      ,    600 ,   .      ,    [210 - ].

   .     ,  ,    ,   .       ;     ,      ,    .   ,       .   ,       ,        .  3              ,      .        ,         .      .    ,    ,       [211 - Thompson, 1940, 13336.].

      .        ,      . 29     :     ,   .    ,       ,    . ,   ,   ,     .        .      .      -  ,  ,     ,  -.            ,    ,     .   ,   ,    . !    . ,  ,       ![212 - Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman, eds., Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke: War Diaries 19391945 (Berkeley, 2003), 72.].

   ?  ,   ?   .  ,   ,  ,    .      ,      . ,    ,    ,     .  ,     ,       [213 - WSC 2, 428; War Office papers 106/1708; John Spencer Churchill, Crowded Canvas (London, 1961), 16263; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80; Jacob, Finest, 3/65.].

        6 ,  26  .   112 ,    Mosquito  Gracie Fields,    300    . ,   ,          .  26     28  ,  2            .     ,          .  ,    ,         ,  .

28    17 800 .   , 28-,   ,      .  29    47 310 ; 30   53 823; 31   68 014; 1  64 429; 2  26 256. ,     ,               26 175 .         338 226  ,   112  ,       .

,   ,      : 2540  , 90  , 11  ,  700 , 6400  , 20  , 45          [214 - Macleod, Time Unguarded, 354; Harold Macmillan, The Blast of War: 19391945 (New York, 1967), 81.].

    ,    .      . ,    - 2   The New Yorker,  ,  ,  ,     ,      .     The New Yorker,      The New Porker (     ),  -     .       [215 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 6366.].

      . 4         .    ,  -, ,      ,   . ,  ,    ,  , ,  ,  , , ,  .  ,  ,      ,   ,    ,       ,     .

    ,                  ,      .    ,     ,       ,           ,     ,     ,     ,     ,  ,        ,     ;      ,   ,        ,              ,     ,      ,   ,    ,    ,  ,      ,       [216 - WSCHCS, 6230.].

    :   ,    -   .  , , ,  .    News Chronicle ,      ,     .    ,  -:      ,   - .    : ,    ,      .           (  ).  ,   ,         ,  ,      ;     .       . ,  , :       ,        .     ,        ,   .        ,    .   ,   ,      ,        [217 - Colville, Fringes, 14748; News Chronicle 6/5/40; TWY, 93; Gardner, Churchill in Power, 55.].

 ,       :              ,  :      .   , ,  ,     [218 - WSCHCS, 6228.].

      ,  .



      .      ,  ,  -    ,  ,  ,    .  ,     ,  ,  . ,    ,         [219 - George Bilainkin, Diary of a Diplomatic Correspondent (London, 1942), 102.].

    .   ,   ,     . , ,    ,                .  ,   ,   ,   ,   ,     ,          .  , ,    ,       ,  ,        .       . 30         Conseil Suprieur de la Guerre    .      ,      ,      .      [220 - Chief sources for the last three meetings of the council (Paris, Briare, Tours): Spears, Assignment; de Gaulle, War Memoirs; Ismay, Memoirs; S. Petrie et al., The Private Diaries of Paul Baudouin (London, 1948).].

          .         , ,     ,   ,     .      ,      .          [221 - Spears, Assignment, 1:29394.].

31   14:00   ,    -,     ,    ,    ,   ,   .      ,   : ,   ,  ,       , ,   , , ,       ,   -- ,  .

    ,      .        ,      (le vainqueur de Verdun).     .  1917       ,  ,           .  ,    ,   .      ,   ,      1935 [222 -   ,    ,      1935 .].

,  ,   ,  [223 - Ismay, Memoirs, 134.].

    :     ,      ,         .        .     :  165  ,    10  .    ,      :   ?   ?[224 - Spears, Assignment, 1:295.]

 ,    .    :  ,        .    ,   .        ,                . , ,    ,  -   .     ,       :    .    ,        [225 - Spears, Assignment, 1:295.].

 ,      ,  , ,      .  ,   .                      .     ,         .     .     ,  ,          .     ,   -, ,        ,     .    ,  ,     : Non! Partage bras dessus, bras dessous, ! ,   [226 - Spears, Assignment, 1:295; Petrie, Diaries, 5354.].

 ,      .  ,         ,      .    ,          , ,    .       ,  .

         , ,   ,   ,  . , ,    ,  ,   ,        .   ,         .       ,       .        ,    -    .        ,   ,        .   ,           ,   ,  ,      ,   ,    [227 - Spears, Assignment, 1:31415.].

   ,  -, :   ,   ,     ,  .     ,   .   ;        .     .  ,         .  ;   ,        :   ,     ,     ,     ?

, , :   !

       .    - ,      - ,  ,   ,   .     .       ,     ,    -  ,      .    , ,     ,    ,  , ,     ,    ,    .  .       ,        . ,    ,  :      ,      ,    .   ,   ,   .       ,    ,    [228 - Spears, Assignment, 1:316, 2:113.].

        ,          ,           ,         .  ,   ,      ,   31 ,     ,       .      500   60- . ,  ,        17 ,    ,         .      130   10     3  .

5      . ,  ,       ,  7  7-         , 9 ,   .         .      --  ,       ,      .        ,    7-    -. ,    ,  ,   ,     ,     [229 - ].

 , 10 ,      .             : ,  ,      .   : ,       ,         .            .     ,    ,        , ,    ,       .     .      ,    .   :    ,       .    ,     ,   [230 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 68; Colville, Fringes, 15153.].

,       , -    ,        .   ,    .   ,    ,    ,   ,      ,  ,  80     .   , 11 ,   ,          -[231 - - (Hawker Hurricane)       ,   Hawker Aircraft Ltd. 1934 .   14 533 . 30  1941            200   .         . 28  1941        24 ,     HMS Argus.      15 ,       .       .           .       ,        ,    ,    .].

     ,   ,      ,       .

        . ,   ,   ,        ,   -    ,        .   ,      ,    ,  ,        .      ,   ,    .  ,       .

     .           ,    ,     ,  ,  . ,   ,   ,  -,  , ,    [232 - Spears, Assignment, 2:13839; Ismay, Memoirs, 139.].

   , ,        ,       ,        .      .  ,      .         .        ,  .   .      .  .    .  .    , ,        .  ,    :   ,  . , , : ,    ,    ,    ,      [233 - Spears, Assignment, 2:14144; Eden, Reckoning, 133. The French minutes of the Briare meeting are given textually in Paul Reynaud, Au Coeur de la melee, 19391945 (Paris, 1951), 82324.].

          . ,    generalissime,     ,     ,          ,     ,         .      ,   .       .  ,       60 . -,    ,     .   ,       .  ,  ,   ,     ,  ,      ,        .  ,  ,   ,             .          ,           .    ,  ,     .       1918 ,       ,  , , ,    ;      ,   ,   .        .   , ,      ,     [234 - Spears, Assignment, 2:14547; Eden, Reckoning, 115.].

  .       .  ,  ,  ,        ,  ,      .   ,  ,  ,         , toujours (),  , , partout, pas de grace (,  ),   . Puis la victoire! ( !)     ,      .  ,     , ,           .  ,         ,        ,       [235 - Spears, Assignment, 2:149ff.].

     ,    ,  ,    ,   , .  marechal    -,      ,   .      ,       , , ,     .    ,  ,   .   , ,   ,      [236 - Reynaud, Au Coeur.].

    ,   ,        . , ,       ,                .       ,  , , , ,       -  . ,  ,  .    .         .      . ,     .   ,     ,  -   , ,         ,      ,   ,   -,    ,              [237 - Ismay, Memoirs, 140.].     .  ,   ,   ,   , :        .   ,       .             ,    ,    .    ,         [238 - Ismay, Memoirs, 14041.].

,  ,      :   ,           .     ?  , - ,       , ,  , ,           frapper sur la tete (  ) ,      [239 - Ismay, Memoirs, 14041.].

,          - .        ,      ,      .   ,   ,                .       ,    ,    ,     ,       .  28   ,     ,      ,     ,         96  120       ,  .     ,         ,        ,        ,              .

      959    300 [240 - ,   ,   . ,      (Histoire de laviation militaire fran?aise, , 1980),    . ,     ,            1940 .  1500   ,     ,     1500   . (. .)].

  560 ,   235  .      3287  (   2670).         .  ,    10   12               1131,   688 .             . ,     ,  ,       ,      .    ?   2  ,     1940 ,  500   - ?  ,  ,  ,     .   ,  .     ,  generalissime  [241 - Les Evenements survenus en France de 1933 a 1945, 2:343; Horne, Seven Ages, 546n; Shirer, Collapse, 618; Histoire de l Aviation Militaire Francaise (Paris, 1980), 37980; Deighton, Blitzkrieg, 26970.].

 22:00     .          ,       .        ,  , ,     .     ,        .   , ,   ,       ,  .    -,       . - vainqueur de Verdun ( )    . ,  ,       ,    .      ,      . ,   , ,      ,  ,         ,    ,       [242 - WSC 2, 15657; Ismay, Memoirs, 14243.].

      :  ,       -,         .         -,     ,          , ,     ,      ໠ ,      ,   -    ,  : Uh ay ma bain [  ]?[243 - Spears, Assignment, 2:163.].

           ,  ,   ,  ,       .      - ,     ,    .  ,   ,  -    .     ,        ,     [244 - Ismay, Memoirs, 141.].

  , 12-,        ,        ,   .       .       -        , ,    ,  ,       ,   .     ,    100   ,  .   ,      ,         [245 - WSC 2, 158; Walter H. Thompson, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 194.].

    ,  ,   -  ,         ,         ,     -  ,        . ,      .    ,  ,      51-   ---,   12  .     :    51- , . [] ,     ,   [246 - CAB 99/3; Colville, Fringes, 15254.].

   12  13 ,     ,  .     .           .   :  -       ;  ,            , 13 .            .  11:00 , , , ,      .    ,   ,       -.

 ,         ,   (    ).        .     .          ,   .          ,    ,  -    ,      une voiture (),          .      ,      ;            -.               .  ,  ,        ,     ,    Vouvray ()[247 - Earl of Birkenhead, Life of Lord Halifax (London, 1965), 459; Dilks, Diaries, 297; Ismay, Memoirs, 14344.].

    .  ,   , ,         .        ,     .           ,  . ,       Conseil Superieur de la Guerre (  ),   ,   ,     .       ;    .          .      .    -                 , ,   ,  ,     .  ,     ;    [248 -   ,      ,       .]     ,                 .

    ,       .      ,    ,   ,    ,  ,              .    ,  ,   ,      [249 - Eleanor M. Gates, End of the Affair: The Collapse of the Anglo-French Alliance, 193940 (Berkeley, 1981), 250; Gordon Wright, Ambassador Bullitt and the Fall of France, World Politics 10, no. 1, 87.].

  ,      ;   ;       .      .      ,    ;   . ,        .  ,      ,   ,             ,           .  ,     . ,  ,      ,     ,     ,       ,       .     ,    ?

    ,   ,     , ,  . ,   , ,          .          ,        .  ,              ,       .   ;   ,    .       .                  .      ,  ,  ,    .    .         :  ,  .  ,           ,    ,     .         .    .         .   ,  ,      .

   .   ,        .  ,        , , ,           .        ;    ,       .  , - ,           .     .      ,  -      ,  ministre de finance   ,       ,       .        .   !    ,    ,        .   ,    []         ,       [250 - Horne, Seven Ages, 573.].

 ,      ,      -    .           .  ,         ,           .   ,          ,     ,       .             .      :     ,     [251 - Spears, Assignment, 2:21013.].

   .        .   ,       dans le jardin [ ].    ,   ,    .     :   ,   ,    , .     .  :    .   .

   .       . ,      , , ,     .    ,       400  ,  ,     .  -   .    , -,  , : Lhomme du destin [ ].       ,  :  ,     ,  ,    .    ,  ,    .      :         .  ,    ,    ,   ,       .      ,    , ,    ,      .     ,    :  ,    .    ,     .       .  ! ,     ,   .   :    .   [252 - James Leasor, War at the Top (London, 1959), 91; Colville, Fringes, 152.].

,   ,   .   ,   ,     : Je comprends ( ), ,   ,    ,   .     ,    , ,      , , ,      ,    ,   ,       .   :    ?    ,      ,       ,    ,    ,      .

 ,      ,    , ,     .   ,     ,   .   :    Je comprends,  ,   .     comprends  ,   ?         ,         ,        .  ,       .    ,      , , ,    ,    .            ,       ,         .        , ,      ,       -    .   ,   - 11  [!]    ,    .          .      [253 - Spears, Assignment, 2:21820.].

  ,       14 , ,          ,     ,  ,   .     ,  ,   ,  ,   ,     ,      ,     .          ,  .     ,      .    -,     ,    ,      ,    ,    ,    .   ,      ,    .  ,            ,        ,    .

  ,          ,    ,        .   ,     ,   ,         . ,       ,   -    ,     . 14                 : ,  -      .    ,     ,         .        ,       .             [254 - Colville, Fringes, 155; C&R-TCC, 1:48.].

 ,       ,  ,  . 16            ,   -  ,       .    ,             .   ;    ,       .  ,      ,    .  ,  ,    .  17:00    ,  ,    ,  -  , ,   ,      .     -,         ;   ,    ,           . ,  ,    .    ,      ,           .

        -,          16-  17-.  21:30        ,    .    .  ,  , :      .  . - .     -, 10  ,     -   .    ,    ,   .  ,    ,      :    ,       ,  ,   , ,  ,     .   :    11:00,    ,       .  :       [255 - Spears, Assignment, 2:29293; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; Colville, Fringes, 161.].

 :    -   ,  ,  ,    . , , ,       ,    . ,  ,  [256 - Spears, Assignment, 2:29293; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; Colville, Fringes, 161.].



      . ,    , ,            .    ,   ;  , ,     ,      ,    .      .     ,   -   .                ,     , ,   ,     ,  .

   .             ,   Times,    ,    .          ,         ,    -,    -.        . ,                 .  22:00      .      ,    ,     .    ,    .  :     .  .   ,    ,   :      ,     .      ,  ,    ,       - [257 - L.B. Namier, Europe in Decay (London, 1950), 93; Spears, Assignment, 2:304, 31011.].

              .      ; -  .       .      17 .     ,           ,       (   ,   )       .       ,       ,    .   ,   ,       ,   .     -, 10    . , ,  ,   .             .  , ,      .  ,            [258 - Spears, Assignment, 2:31923; WSC 2, 218.].

      ,      Etat Fran?ais   ,   .  17          ,        .   , ,   ,          .      ,         .        . 40            , , -  -.     ,                 . ,       ,     -  ,     5     .    ,  3  .     , ,         .  ,    ,  ,  ,     ;  ,             ,        ; ,  ,  ,    VIII,     .

16 ,             ,  .  ,     ,  ,   , ,    ,   .      ,  .      ?   ,        ,     ,    .      .    .      ,    :          ,    .      ,   ,    ,  .      .  ,       .    ,            ,       ,      .       .   ,  ,         ,       [259 - J.A. Cross, Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography (London, 1977), 33940.].

 ,     ,    -   ,          .  ,    , -,   ,          ,   ,       .          ,        ,   .  ,  , ,   ,   .     ,     -          .       ,     Arme des Alpes,         .           ,       .      ?[260 - Michael Bloch, The Duke of Windsors War: From Europe to the Bahamas, 19391945 (New York, 1983).]

  VI  :       .   ,   ,             .        ,   ;    .         ,    ,    :  ,  ,        .      -, 10,              , ,      ,     ,      ,    .

     .        ; ,            .  ,     ,   ,     , :  ,    ,     ,      .   ,   ,    .    ,    ,   :   , ,  ? ,    , ,   :    ,   :  ,  [261 - Colville, Fringes, 184.].

 ,  ,           ,  ,            .      .   ,  -.         ,   ,       . - ,  ,        ,   ,             ,  , , ,    ,    .    ,        ,  ,              , ,        , ,  ,   [262 - ChP 20/9; C&R-TCC, 1:53.].



     : ,          . , ,     ,  .     Liberty        ,        .     ,     ,     .       ,      ,      .  ,  ;  [263 - ChP 20/49; WSC 1, 1091.].

18      .      , ,     .     ,  ,  ,   .   .             .     [264 - Colville, Fringes, 166.].



  22 ,       ,  .   ,    ,     , .     .     ;  ,    ,   .   ,    -   .  ,       ,   ,   .      The New Yorker  28   -:   ,  ,    ,   ,   ,        ,      ,    ,  ,      ,   ,  [265 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 72.].

            .         .     ,      , ,       ,   ,          .  ,           .    Chambre des Deputes ( ),     :    ,       :   .   16 ,       ,     :    ,   .     . ,  ,    [266 - De Gaulle, War Memoirs, 76.].

        .      ,           ,            ,  :      ,   ,    ,       .      ,       .       ;      . ,  ,       ,    ,     ,      .   ,               ,      ,      ,    [267 - WSC 2, 230; Eden, Reckoning, 155.].

    ? ,     .       ;  ,         (    )  ;    ;   ,    .    ,    ,       ,     .   ,  , ,   ,       .    ,   ,      ,           .          ,     [268 - William Bullitt, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 2: The Intelligence Community 19501955 (Washington, DC, n.d.), 46566.].

22        ,   , ,      ,   ,       .   ,        ,            .      .  18:50     .     ,    .   8  ,   ,     ,        ,               .

 .      .  ,             .  ,       ,           ?  ,              [269 - WSCHCS, 6241.].

                  .         , ,      .     , , , -, -,        .    ,      -,      .             .

 ,        ,   .  ,      ,     ,    ,    . ,   ,      ,                ͻ (),  ,   , ,   .     -     :      ,           -  .     ?[270 - WSC 2, 231.]

 ,    ,  ,    ,    - .    ,  -   . 25      :          ,   .. [ ]  ?  ,             .         ,       .    ,  ,  ,  , ,   -,   ,          .            ,      ,   [271 - Colville, Fringes, 17172; WSC 2, 233; Warren Tute, The Deadly Stroke, introduction by John Colville (New York, 1973), 21 28.].

       .    3          , , ,   .    ,      ,      ,        . ,      , ,   -,       ,   ,   [272 - Tute, Deadly Stroke, 7387.].

 ,  ,   . -          .    , ,   ,  .   -      ,    -    .   ,      (Andrew Browne Cunningham  ѻ,    ),   ,    . ,   ,   -:               .   ,     ,    [273 - Tute, Deadly Stroke, 11214; WSC 2, 234.].

    --, -    ,  3     .    - ,           ,   ,       ,            .          .  , -  ,     , ,     .     ,              --.     .        ;       ,        ,       . ,  -        ;          ,  -   .

,   ,   -- 3  ,   .        , ,     [274 -           ,       .     . 24  1941                  380-    .       1421.],      .

     ,   :

1.          .

2.     .

3.  -    -,           .

4.      .

   :                     [275 - For a thorough discussion of the British attack on the French fleet at Mers-el-Kebir, see chap. 5of Arthur Marders From the Dardanelles to Oran (London, 1974).].

     .  ,           ,        . ,  ,         .    ,          .     ,        ,      .     ,   ,              . ,     ,  ,     .         --.       .        ,       ,    .   :   ,        [276 - Tute, Deadly Stroke, 148.].

 17:55      .       ,     . ,   ,      ;  1250  .    ,     [277 - Tute, Deadly Stroke, 15262.].

--           .       .   .  ,      ,      ,    .           .       ,        Etat Fran?ais      .    ,   ,    ;  ,   ,   ,      ,      ,      .          .

  --     .    ,   -  89        69 .        .        ,         400    ,     .    ,  :       .    ,      .      [278 - Thompson, 1940; WSCHCS, 6246.].

        ,      .     :       ,     .   ,   ,     [  ].   :   ,      ,  ,   - ,   .    ,         ,     .     ,      ,      [279 - Tute, Deadly Stroke, 17; Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (London, 1985), 348; TWY, 100.].

,       .  ,     ,   ,      ,   ,  .      ,    --     .      .       ,     .   ,   , ,        ,    ,     ,   -   [280 - Tute, Deadly Stroke, 17; Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (London, 1985), 348; TWY, 100.].

  .           , , , , , , ,   ,     .     ,  . 15     .   ,   ,   ;  ,       .    .     ,   , ,  3  ,    ,       ,       .         :      ,     ,        .    ,    ,       --      .   -   .    ,    , , ,      ,         ,  .     ,       ,  ,     ,    ,    ,   ,       ,     [281 - Tute, Deadly Stroke, 17.].



,  , ,            .        ,      .       , ,       ,    .     , ,    ,         ,       .   ,           ,        ,   .           ,    , ,    :  ,   ,   .

          ,    ,     .      ,   .          .       ,   ,     ,         .       ,              ,         .      .        ,  ,         ,     .     .       :  ;     [282 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 813.].

       mare nostrum[283 -      .      ,                      .]        .

    ,   300 ,     ,  -  -   . ,    1814     ,          .  , , 95    ,     100         200   -  .    ,  ,    1000   ,    1100   .   ,  ,   ,         ,     ,   .        .         ,           .               , ,     ,   ,  -,        .

 ,     ,        ,                 .        11          ;       .  ,      ,  ,          ,           ,  .         ,   1940     ,       ,      ,       :  ,   .    (  ) , ,    ,            .    ;           [284 - CAB 65/9.].

,   ,    .    ,   ,        .   ,    - ,      , ,   ,  . 10  1940 ,  ,      ,    (  3,5  )        (18  ),  (12  ),  (5,5  )   (4,8  ).           ,       ,   . ,        ,      ,         . 11 ,        ,      35 ,  220             .         ,       .     .      .  ,        ,      ,  ,       ,       .                   :         ,   .   ,    ,  :     ,       ,   ,        ,   [285 - Cv/2, 259; WSCHCS, 6287.].



          20     ,   ,    ,    -.                        [286 -    ,    ZB-26.  Bren   1931 .     1938      .            (Brno)   (Enfield),     .       8  1938 .]  ,        10,     .

        ,           .         -     .   -                  ໠    .        .   :      ,      .      , ,     ,  .    :    .    .      ,         ,   ,     ,      - :    [287 - GILBERT 6, 372, 392; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 369; Hermann Lons, Ein Soldatisches Vermachtnis (1939), 85; Richard Gerlach, Das Beste von Hermann Lons (Hanover, 1980), 16.].

       ,     , 4 ,     .            ,    ,    :       , ,    ,             ,  -      .      .                  ;           ,                    .    [288 - WSCHCS, 6230.].

      -  [289 -          ,   1940    ,     ,      -             .     ,   .    ,                  .],   ,       : ,                - .      .

  ,      ,  , , ,   ,      .  :   ,      ,     , , ,  1940  1941        [290 - Cv/2, 429.].

          .            ,    .      ,         .   :

,       , .  ,      .        .       ,          .          ,   ,          ,   .     ,                .

   ,   ,   ,   ,     ,     ,         , ,  .

         , ,             ,  :     [291 - Hansard 6/18/40; WSCHCS, 6238.].

 .    :             .



 ,    ,       ,      .         .       ,    ,       ,     .    .  ,      ,       ,   .  ,      ;       .  ,      .        .               ,    ,  ,       ,    .       ,  ,               ,   .       ,   .

  ,    ,               .  ,     ,     ,      ,   ,       .  ,    ,    ,   , ,         ,   ,  ,       .   ,   .        ,      218-  . 40  160    ,     ,  ,    , ,        [292 - Deighton, Fighter, 8.].

     .  ,       .     20         ,            .           15 ,  ,            ,       ,                           .    , ,   ,                  .

   .      ,  1     V,    (      ),     VI   ,     .  ,   , ,     .      ,   .  , .  United Press ,       ,    . .. ,     ,       .   ,       , 7 ,  -      ,   ,           .    ,       ,     ,   ,       ,   [293 - C&R-TCC, 1:40, 49; Cv/2, 261; Bryant, Tide, 151.].

  , -       ,       , , , ,    ,         [294 - C&R-TCC, 1:40, 49; Cv/2, 261; Bryant, Tide, 151.].

  ,     ,                .     -.  VI    ;   :           ,         ?         ,     .       ,     ,   [295 - Thompson, 1940, 149; WSC 1, 59899, 695; Premier (Prime Minister) Papers, Public Record Office, Kew, 4/100/3; Birkenhead, Halifax, 458, and Llewellyn Woodward, British Foreign Policy in the Second World War (London, 1962), 53; Williamson Murray, Luftwaffe (Baltimore, 1985), 43.].

 ,       ,      ,   ,     1940  -    ,   ,        .       ,        .                   -,    .

       , -      .  ,  ,     .     -        .  ,  ,    (     ),           ,        .      28   Sunday Pictorial:    .

     ,  ,              .   ,            ,  , , ,    [296 - Duff Cooper, Old Men Forget (London, 1954), 267; Jones, Diary, 465; Lloyd George, Sunday Pictorial, 7/28/40; Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI, 456.].

           .    ,     ,   .   ,  ,            .   , ,   Guilty Men. ,    Cato[297 - ,   Cato,      ,     . (. .)],   ,    , ,   ,     .

,          ;       .  ,   ,   :           ,   ,      [298 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 8386; Jones, Diary, 46566.].

       ,        .

     .   ,      .   , ,        ,     .    :     ,  .    ,    , ,  ,      ,     ,     ,     ,  ,      [299 - Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI, 456.].

   :

		 ! ,  .
		     ,
		    ,
		    .
		     
		    [300 - Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI, 456.].

       :        .  ,   , ,         , ,   ,     ;       [301 -     .],   ?    .   . , ,  ,  ,  .

     ,        ,   .    ,     .        [302 - Gardner, Churchill in Power, 6566.].

 The New Yorker  -     -. 22   :  , ,     ,         ,      . ,   ; ,      ,      ,   .     , ,   .      ,  ,  ,    :      . ,   ,  ,        -.   Times,         :   -,   ,   ,  :          ,      [303 -  -     ,          . ,   ,            . -   ,     , ,        ,       ,   .          -:  ,       ,    .]  1759 ,   . ,  ,        ,     ,     .           ,     [304 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 71, 91, 97, 11011.].



,   ,            ,   .        ;   ,   ;     ;     .    ,     ,    ,    ,    1942 . ,   , ,    ,         ,        ,        .       :      .    ,     [ ][305 - Colville, Fringes, 195.].

 ,       ,   :               .    ,               ,      .           , ;   ,         .

,     ,   ,           . , , .  ,          (  ),  ,         ,    ,           .       ,     ,    .            :  -    ͻ.    .    ,   ,            .       .    .  ,  ,  ,          ,       .                   , ,   ,        [306 - Cv/2, 41718.].

     ;            Mein Kampf.       :    []     .           .  ,   ,       ;   .      ,        ,        .   .  ,        ,   . ,  ,    ,             .    1941 [307 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 798.].

              .       .       ,    ,       ,        ;  ,    .  ,             ,       .          .  ,   ,     1940 ,         :       .           .              .     .                   ,    .        ,   ,        .        .         ,               . , ,   ,       .   ,    -  ,          .  ,   .      ,     ,           ,     ,       .    ,  ,      .     7   :     ,                  [308 - WSC 2, 286.].

   ,  -      ,       510  ,             .          .        ,       ,      . ,        100   .  ,              ,   ,   .          ,      ,  ,         ,  ,     ,         [309 - WSCHCS, 6495.].

   ,    . 18        :       ,    ,     .     ,    ,    - .     ,  -    ,     .     ,     ,       ,   200250 ,             ,           ;  ,         ,    ,           ,   ,                   [310 - WSCHCS, 6234.].



             ,     ,    ,  10    .      ,  1,2  ,      ,       , ,   -   ,   .

.   ,          6080   ,   60    .      160  , ,         ,     .   ,    ,     ,       .

.                .    ,     .     ,  ,      ,    ,   ,        .

.   ,    - ,     (    ),     ,     -     3:1.           ,      ,     ,            .

.  -      - .        ,  ,       ,     .     1940           ,           .      ;      ; , ,    ,   ,  ,           .          1940 .          ,      [311 - WSC 2, 28284.].

30     ,    - ,  , ,   , 80        ,    ,   60   . ,  ,     ,     .   ,           ,            ,   .       ,    .                   .  ,              ,     ,       ,    ,    ,         .  ,   ,  ,  ,      , ,         ,    ,          .           .    , ,     (- : ), ,       , ,   .    [312 - Colville, Fringes, 17881, 182.].

    ,   -  ,  ,    15 ,          ,    .       . 12    :  ,        .  ,  - ,     . ,       25    ,  ,    , ,   .  ,   , :    .   ,  ,     .        [313 - TWY, 97; Ismay, Memoirs, 153; Jones, Diary, 46768.].

   .    : , ,   ,  .       ,        1940 .            1940        .



      .        .     20   .     ,       .   ,      ,      .       ,                ,      .         ,   ,   ,   .       ,       .  ,  ,   .  ,    , - , ,    ,   ,                 ,      ![314 - WSCHCS, 6775.].

 -   .  Daily Express         . Daily Express  ,        , ,    ,    ,   .   ,  ,       .    .           ,    .  ,    ;  ,                .

        ,       .  XXI         ,   1940    ,  ,       .        ,        .        ,             .           .    ,        ,    (     )   [!]   .     . 10    ,    ,       .   ,   : ,    .   ,      .   .    [315 - Mary Soames, Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage (New York, 2003), 408; TWY, 100.].

        .   ,       ,    , , ,    .  - : ,  ,  ,      .  :        .         [316 - TWY, 90.].

, ,  ,       . ,     ,        .     ,          , ,        ,  : ,         ,        .       ?      ?      ,      . ,    ,    .   ,    ;   ,    ,    ,      [317 - TWY, 89, 90, 93; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80.].

 ,        , ,  , ,  ,  ?      ,      .     .            ,   . ,   ,  ,    .     . 22 ,       ,  :      ,    []   ,   .     ,        [318 - Macleod, Time Unguarded, 369.].

     .              ,         .   , 16  1746 ,      ,    ,    II,      , ,  . ,   1940 ,   .   :      ,    . , ,    ,   .   ,      ,       ,  ,    .      ,     .     ,           500      , 80   , 900   13  .      ,           ,  ,  .      ,   ,     .      ,        .    ,        .. . [319 -       ,     XIX  XX .   ,        .        .                    -         .],    ,   ,          ,    [320 - GILBERT 6, 478; Gardner, Churchill in Power, 68; Panter-Downes, War Notes, 66; Hansard 6/4/40; A.J.P. Taylor, English History, 191445 (Oxford, 1978).].

  ,     ,   ,   .      . ,     .    .     :   ,       . , ,  ,  ,    .         .     ,     : ,        [321 - Colville, Fringes, 182; Cv/3, 445 (mustard gas).].

      .  ,         .       ?          ,         .     .  ,      ,        .         ,       - .   () ,       20  ,    ,  ,    400 .     100      [322 - Thompson, 1940, 145.].

   ,    .       ;    , ,   ,    ,     . -                ,       ,  8  TNT (),    .          ,    .           .       ,         ? ,   ,               ,         .            .     ,     ,  ,         .



  , ,   ,      ,   ,   .          .       . 11      :      .    :         .   ,      . 20   : ,       .       6    ,           .         2500 , -  [323 - TWY, 101, 103.].

    ,       .         .      :   ,        ?        . 13   :        ,  ,       .  ,    9 . 12       : ,     ! 14     :   , , der Tag []  .   ,   ,      ,  . 22    ,           ,      , ,  ,   ,     -,   . ,      10,  ,      ,  ,   . ,  ,     .               [324 - WSC 2, 298; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 383; Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 94.].

     , 12 ,  ,        ,     ,    ,   ,    .   ,       ,       - ,         .    ,      ,        (   ),    .  ,    ,          .    ,      ,   ,      . ,   ,     :  ,  ,   (        ),   :   ,      ,    - ,            .   []     ,   ,      ,    [  ]         ..,    [325 - Colville, Fringes, 1023.].

 , 14 ,    ,            - ,      --.  ,     ,  ,    ,    .        .       .                   .

         ,        .    ,   ,    ,        ,   .   ,     . ,  -,              ,    ,   ,        ,  ,     .  ,   .      .

  ,         :  ,      .  ,  ,       ,   , ,           .           ,       ,     ;    ,      [326 - WSCHCS, 6248.].

     ,      ,   -        - ,  ,          ,   ;         , ,    ,    .    ,        ,         .

    ,       , , ,     .     ,    .   ,    ,     ;        ,    .

  ,  ,    ,     .   ,  ,             ,             ,      ,  ,   ,    ,    ,        ;     ,       ,          [327 - WSCHCS, 6250.].



 ,    .     ,   .            ,       , ,          . ,    ,    ,       :    (Ubereinkommen)  .   ,  ,    .    ,    ,     ,  -   -    . -  ,       ,  ,     .       .       . 30   ,       , :         .        [328 - Documents on German Foreign Policy 19181945, vol. 10: The War Years, June 23 August 23, 1940 (Washington, DC, 1957), 81; Charles Burdick and Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, eds., The Halder War Diary, 19391942 (New York, 1988), 7/22/40; Fuhrers Conferences on Naval Affairs, 7173; Die Weiterfuhrung des Krieges gegen England, IM T, TWMC, vol. 28, 3013.].

    ,       ,      ,  .   ,    ;  ,   ,      . (           [329 -     1939 ,       .    -,       .];  ,  ,      ).

         . ,      ,          ,         .    19 ,   ,    .     ,  :  , ,         ,      .         ,        ,       ,       .  :                 ,    .  ,         ,    ,  ,  ,       .   , ,     ,    .  ,   , :         ,       ,       .     ,        :    ,      [330 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 754.].

   .     .      -      ,  ,     ,   --,      ,    :   ,      ,   , ,   ,      .    ,         ![331 - Colville, Fringes, 200; Leonard Mosley, Battle of Britain (New York, 1980), 26; WSC 2, 260.].

       :  ,          ,       .    ,   .     ,          .                ,   ,            1937 ,       1938 [332 - Hugh Gibson, ed., The Ciano Diaries, 19391943 (New York, 1946), 27778.].

     .   .. . ,     ,      ; ,    ,   ,       XX ,   . ,               ,   ,             ,     .        ,    ,   .        ,  ,     ;         ;   ,      .      ,       ,       ,   .      . 27        ,   ;        (        )    ,   ,  -  ,   [333 - Deighton, Fighter, 272; Liddell Hart, History, 87.].

     ,    -   .   .    ,    ,    -   .       ,      ,     ,         ,    .   , 90     20   ,    7   ,       .    ,   .          .       .       .       ,      [334 - Klaus A. Maier et al., Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1988), 2:3, 7879.].



 -        .      ,   ,      VIII.     ,    ,   ,     ,   -       .    ,        .         ,            .     ,      -,   500     ,    ,      ,  ,   .        .                         .   ,    ,        30,5 ,          .       ,           .    ,   1938             .           .

    ,                   ,       ,      - .    -     , , , ,   .        900  ,  ,  ,  ,  .  200      1000 ,  200 ,   ,             .      ;     .           -,    150 6- ,    -.    ,   ,    -,  ,    - .             ,     ,                 .  ,      -   .       ,                  .      - .  -  ,     ,    .  1918             .     ,         ,      ,      ,  .          ; ,     ,      . ,              ,          -     -,      ,  ,      .           ,         ,     ,     [335 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 752.].     ,      .          (     ),    ,     ,    (,    ).  -   ,     ,        ,    . ,         ,  [336 -      -     .], -            .

  ,              .  ,          ,     [337 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 752.].

       .      ,              ,     ,           ,      .    ,     Oberkommando des Heeres,     (),       Seelowe   .          90  .         160  .        41 ,        -.      : ,  ,     ,    ,       .  ,     ,  .   ,      .   ,     [338 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 76263.].

            ,          .           1722 , 1161  , 471   155 .  ,   .                     ,          .  ,  ,    ,               ,         .           ,     .     .   ,  ,        .

          .   ,       ,    ,       .     .       ,            .     .  ,  Die Weiterfuhrung des Krieges gegen England (   ),  ,          ,   -     [339 - William L. Shirer, Aufstieg und Fall des Dritten Reiches (Cologne, 2000), 815.].

    ,     -               ,    .   ,     ;    ,  ,    .



 ,      ,                    .   -     .  , ,  ,       19141918     ,  ,     ,      .   ,      .              ,    ,     [340 -     .    ,                .     .  ,        ,         ,     .         .   ,    .    .]         .

 ,     -  ,       .   ,      ,    ,    .     ,        .

 ,      1932 , ,       .   ,   ,       , , :  ,    ,      ,      .   ,   ,    .    ,   ,       ,  ,     [341 - William L. Shirer, Aufstieg und Fall des Dritten Reiches (Cologne, 2000), 815.].

      .   ,       . 8   ,        .     .            ,        , ,  ,    ..,     [342 - Deighton, Fighter, xiv  xv; Hansard 11/10/32; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.].

-       ,           .       - ,  ,        19 ,         .   ,         .     ,      ,        ; ,   ,    ,      .    15  16 ,   ,  ,     ,           .    -  ,         . ,   ,      .        . ,   .. . ,   ,    ,       ,   [343 - Deighton, Fighter, xviii, 57.].

      ,     : ,             1000 .        300400 ,   150200    150200  .       90 ,        ,     ,   .         ,      ,        100       ,    .    1930-     ,        , ,    ,     .  1937      ,   ,       , ,        .   - ,  ,   ,     ,      .  ,     ,    .     .  ,   ,   ,  -    , ,    ,     ,   ,       .

 ,              ,        .         .      ,      ,       . , , ,      , ,     ,         . ,       ,    ,     .   1930-                              ,  ,        . , ,    ,    ,    .        ,      ,     [344 - Mosley, Battle of Britain, 50.].

       ,     .     -,  XVIII    ,    ,      ,     ,   -  ,   Rolls-Royce V-12 Merlin,   ,        ,  ,     .

  1940            .            ,     .     ,   ,   10-  13- .     12- ,         11- ;        . ,   ,  ,        ,     ,     . ,     .       11- ,        - .

           .         .                  -,     . -     ,      . ,    ,         ,   .    .     ,     ,    ,     .

      ,       .  1937          -      ,     50    120 .   1940     ,     ,     .    ,       ,  ,           ;     .   1940        ,     ,    ,   ,    .  ,   ,    .

        ,     .  ,     - ,       -,     ,    21 . ,   360- ,    ;     ,   240- .                ,           -,          -        ,  ,   ,  ,     .          11-        ,         ,  ,    - .      .     , ,         .  ,   , -    ,         ?   ,         :          [345 - Mosley, Battle of Britain, 54; Telford Taylor, The Breaking Wave: The Second World War in the Summer of 1940 (New York, 1967), 87; John Keegan, ed., Collins Atlas of World War II (New York, 2006), 3839.].

     ,    ,       120       30  .  ,  ,     ,     .   ,      ,     .   , ,                -.    ,    -,    ,     ,          68  .     ,     20  . , ,     .   (    ,    )  ,   ,  35  ,      26  .          ,          .       ,             .



  -      Luftflotten ( )[346 -    Luftflotten,   .       ,    ,     ,    .       .].

3- Luftflotten   , 2- Luftflotten          5- Luftflotten      . - ,     5-,         Bf-109,  5- Luftflotten     .  ,       2-  3- Luftflotten,        750 , 250    (-87), 600  Bf-109  250  Bf-110   . 30             .    ,   Kanalkampf (  ),        -   ,    ,   .        .

 -,   , ,    ,   .  ,      - ,   11- .         ,       ,   -.  ,   ,   ,         ,    ,   .           Bf-109,    .   ,  Bf-109,   550- ,   Bf.100,    2200 ,  ,     [347 -    ( )    ,     .      ,     . ,     ,    .           ,      ,   .],   ,    ,    .

  ,   ,         .      ,    ,    .               -       ,     ,     ,    .     ,  ,     Adlerangriff ( )         ,  ,  ,      ,   , ,    [348 - BA/MA RL 211/27, Allgemeine Weisung fur den Kampf der Luftwaffe gegen England, OBDL, Fuhrungsstab, IaNr 5835/40, 3 0.6.40; Murray Williamson, The Battle of Britain: How Did The Few Win? Military History Quarterly 2, no. 2 (summer 1990).].

 ,             .                ,     .            ,            .



 Kanalkampf  10 ,            Bf-110   Bf-109     .          ( 30 ) .

      ,    ,          .                   ,         .        ,  ,  ,  .

           ,  ,  . 4         Foylebank;  170  300  .      Whirlwind;  47 . 18          ; 19  22     ;  11 .            ;   77 . 26   Boreas   ;  21 .     Wren       Codrington  ;  36 .       ,      .      . 29   Delight     ,   ,      29  30 ;  .    , ,  ,     .       ,          .        ,          .

   ,          .                  .          .    :       ,      .

8     [349 - ,       ,     .]  .

,   ,       ,     ,  , ,              .   .         ,    ,        ,   .    ,      ,  ,            .  ,       ,      Bf-109.     ,    .

      ;       , , .       Esk        ,      130  .       ,        .           ,   ,              ,        .  ,    26  ,   .      ,    , ,        ,      [350 - WSC 2, 323.].

 , 9 ,      , , ,      . ,    ,    .       ,                   .          . ,  ,         ,  ,      . ,      , ,       [351 - Colville, Fringes, 213.].

      70 ,    180,      .         .     .      .   ,       ;  ,    ,  -    [352 - Liddell Hart, History, 93.].

     .  ,     ,                  ,       .  -     ,   .   , ,     ,     , ,      ,          ,     .      -- ,            ,    [353 - Liddell Hart, History, 93.].

                   . ,  .  10   !    :     : 85 , 34 , 33 .   37 , 12  , 14 .  , 13 ,     :  ,           .     :       .        [354 - Colville, Fringes, 194.].

  .    ,   ,      .        ,  ,   ,      .   ,            , ,    .  ,    ,      .

           .        .      .                  ,    ,     .

    ,     .       . ,    ,   ,    .      ,       .       .  :       .   : 73     17 ,   79  14, ,    89  17. ,      ,       , ,    111 .     ,         [355 - Hansard 11/11/42; WSCHCS, 6707; Shirer, Berlin Diary, 46768.].

        ,       ,   Kanalkampf    .     ,  -        2  ,   500600 .       .          .    ,    ,     .      16   ,      574  ,      300 ,    430 ,  , , 300   .

       ,   ,     .    ,         .  .     ,     ,     .       496 ,        .      1081   500  . , ,          ,     [356 - Deighton, Fighter, xvii, 218; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 91; A.J.P. Taylor, Beaverbrook (London, 1972), 42230.].

 ,  ,   ,     ().    ,              .     ,      ,      . 10     : ,   [],    ,   ,  .           ,   .    ,     ,      . , ,   ,          .    . 2      -  :   ,     .   :  [357 - Colville, Fringes, 217; Taylor, Beaverbrook, 430.].

 ,     , ,    . ,  ,    Der Bach (     ,    ).       : der Adlerangriff   .     ,  - ,     ,     .      ,      ,   , ,    ,    ,             .   ,             - [358 - Murray, Luftwaffe.].

     .     .     ,   .  ,   ,   .         ;       ,     .   -,     Merlin,     ,   ,      .  ,    ,   :     ,        .       .    .    ,  .     ,         ,  .   ,             .    ,    , ,     -  ,      ,                    , -,           [359 - Deighton, Fighter, 217.].

      .   ,      .   ,           ,  7    , ,          ,      ,     ,   ,     .  ,    ,          .                  ,       .  ,           ,       [360 - Deighton, Fighter, 187.].

   ,    ,   ,   ,         . ,      ,   .      ,   360-     ;   ,  ,     .  ,           , ,   . (         .) , ,          ,   [361 - Len Deighton, Unternehmen Adler. Die Luftschlacht um England, 26465.].

       ,             .   Kanalkampf     ,   Adlertag ( )     Adlerangriff ( ). ,  ,      ,     Adlerangriff.   ,         , Adlertag    5 .     -    ,        :    - .   ,     .

6       10 , .  -         .  13  74   50 Bf-109   .     ,     .   ,   .      2-, 3-  5-  .  2-     ,     .       (      ).       ,   - ,       [362 - R.V. Jones, The Wizard War (New York, 1978); F.H. Hinsley et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War, 5 vols. (London, 1979), 1:17677; Ronald Lewin, Ultra Goes to War (New York, 1978); Brian Johnson, The Secret War (London, 1978); Harold Deutsch, Ultra and the Air War in Europe and Africa, in Air Power and Warfare, Proceedings of the Eighth Military History Symposium, USAF Academy, edited by Colonel Alfred F. Hurley and Major Robert C. Ehrhart (Washington, DC, 1979), 16566; Maier, Das Deutsche Reich, 2:384; Aileen Clayton, The Enemy Is Listening (New York, 1978).].

         ,    .. ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     .      .    ,  .         1931 ,    .   .     , 黠      ,    ,         ,         ,        .   ,      [363 - Sheean, Thunder, 201.].

   ,  ,     21    300   ,  ,     ,     .       ,        ,       ,       . , ,    ,   ,  ,    .   11-  12-        250   320 [364 - Sheean, Thunder, 199.].

             .  :  ,        ,            .  -             ,   .    ,  :     ,         ,     ,            ,  [365 - Sheean, Thunder, 2012.].



  24   6       .    ,  10   13 ,      .            ,              ,  .           ,   ,  -      ,   .

     --,    .     11-    ,   ,    .        , ,   .    ,     ,       .  ,        , ,        .       [366 - Colville, Fringes, 236.].

 , 15 ,          ,      .  5-   ,     ,    .       Bf-110    ,  ,          .        Bf-109   .      .         ,      ,  .    ,  .    ,   Ju-88         Bf-110.    .       der schwarze Donnerstag   [367 - Collier, Defence of the United Kingdom (London, 2009), 18990, 450; Helmuth Greiner, Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (the OKW war diary) 8/15/40; Denis Richards, Royal Air Force, 19391945, vol. 1: The Fight at Odds (London, 1953), chaps. 6and 7.].

            .      11- .         ,   ;                , -,   -.        .      1786 ,     109    !

      ,       11- .    ,   :    .   .    .       .        ,      , ,   ,    - [368 - Helmuth Greiner, Die Oberste Wehrmacht/Weltkrieg 19391945 (Stuttgart, 1954); Ismay, Memoirs, 188.].

  ,          , ,    ,   ,  ,   ,     - :     ,       ,    ,   ,   ,        ,         .

   ,       :         ,        .

,  ,        ,    :      ,           ;      ,    ,   ,   ,       ,           ,               ,           .         ,    , ,   ,             [369 - WSCHCS, 626566.].

                .       .



 , 16-,    . 5-           ,     1700  ,       -   -.     71 ,  10     .       ,    ,    [370 - Edward Bishop, The Battle of Britain (London, 1960), 142, 149; Helmuth Greiner, OKW, 8/19/40.].

                .         .         ,  .      .      .     ,    .                 ,              [371 - Richards, Royal A ir Force, 1:178.].

  ,       .            .     ,      .       80   .   ,     ,          .     ,     .              .         ,   .     [372 - Deight on, Fighter, 219.].

      ;         ,   ,   ,       .       ,       ,   11-    ,    - .     ,   .     : -    ,     [373 - Colville, Fringes, 23436.].

   ,   .      ,      ,  ;          - ,     .      ,               , ,       ,  ,    12-     11- ,           .         .       Bf-109  Bf-110,     ,       .     ,   , ,  ,   ,         ,        .    Bf-110    2200 .               Bf-110         .

       ,        - ,      .        , ,     ,       .       .        Ju-88           Vickers  ,      .    -   9  4[374 - Collier, Defence, 2067, 210; Bishop, Battle of Britain, 16669; Alexander McKee, Strike from the Sky: The Battle of Britain Story (Boston, 1960), 197209; Derek Wood and Derek Dempster, The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the Rise of Air Power 19301949 (London, 1961), 31625.].

     -,      ,     ,    .      .        115        ,       .   .        2795  .    -   11-   -  . 1   . ,  ,  ,       .     11-    .    , ,    ,            [375 - Colville, Fringes, 23637.].

,        .   -   ,     .  ,    .            ,    ,   ,  .   ,        [376 - Colville, Fringes, 23637.].

      ,    . ,           ,      ,   ,   -,   4   .

         .        .         ,     .       230      25       .    ,              .      -    .      ,  ,  ,        .  ,           ,   1     .  ,     .             ,         .     ,                  (     ) ,    ,     .     ,  6  ,       .             295  (21  ). 103   ( 7   ).  170    . 7  ,   ,    , ,     [377 - Deighton, Fighter, 248; Collier, Defence, 205; Wood and Dempster, Narrow Margin, 33233; WSC 2, 33132.].

  ,    ,     23  24 .    .    170 ,       ,   ,     ,   .  ,       .   ,       -  -[378 - Wood and Dempster, Narrow Margin, 304.].

      .   ,        .        ,        [379 - Taylor, Breaking Wave, 151; H.R. Trevor-Roper, ed., Hitlers War Directives 19391945 (London, 1964), 38.].

    .        , ,        ,             .         25   81         .     ,       .        .   . ,     ø,           .                [380 - Helmuth Greiner, Die Oberste Wehrmachtfuhrung, 19391943 (Wiesbaden, 1951), 8/29/40, 8/31/40; Cv/2, 555.].

        : ,     ,  ,     ,       [381 - Colville, Fringes, 230.].

              ,   ,   .              .  .     :  .   ,    .    ,   ,    .   ,                .     .   .     .    ,    ,    ,   ,   ,         .         [382 - Shirer, Berlin Diary, 8/26/40.].

     ,   ,     ,       EIGER ENGLISCHER AGRIFF (  Ż).    28    ,         : ENGLISCHE LUFTPIRATEN UBER BERLIN! (    ̻)[383 - Frankfurter Zeitung, 8/29/40 and 8/30/40.].

 1940       .          ,       .  ,      --     ,         ,        .             .    Kindermord in Freiburg (   ),    -[384 -     ,     ,     -.]   [385 - OKW, 8/24/40; Facts in Review 2, no. 22 (5/27/40): 217.].

      .   1940 ,          ,         .      -.       ,      ,          ,           .   :  , -,   ,     , -          [386 - Adolph Galland, The First and the Last (New York, 1954), 4041.].

, ,  ,     , ,                  ,  ,   . ,   ,  ,       ,      24 .        ,    -      , ,   ,     .             , , ,     . 31            .      [387 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 777.].

4 ,          ,         .       Krampfhenne (        )  ,                            .        .     .           .      ,      ,  ,                  ,   ,     .                !     :  ,     ,     - !.           : ! !

 ,    ,   .  :        :    ?  ,  !  ,  ![388 - Frankfurter Zeitung, 9/5/40.]

  ,       ,       .     . -    .    ,     [389 - Gibson, Ciano Diaries, 290.].

  .      . ,       ,     ,  ,   ,  -          .         .    ,    .       .  ,       ,       , ,        .    [390 -         ,        (  , M-5,   ,   )  .],           .

 ,   -     (  ),      .         ,  ,   .    .         .     [391 - WSC 2, 229.].

6         ,    . , ,    .    ,      ;        ;        ;       -.   ,           .   ,       -             .   , 7 ,     ,   .  -      ,       .  :         .            ,         [392 - CAB, 79/6. The chiefs signing the order were Ismay, Pound, Dill, and Peirse, vice chief of the Air Staff.].

  , 7 ,   .          -,    ,      ,  ,     ,      .   !  ,     2    , ,  [393 - McKee, Strike, 125.].

   ,    .  16:00      -,   ,       .     ,    ,  ,  ,   ,    25  ,  ,  .       .  ,   ,    ,  ,    .      ;      .       ,        , - ,     .       .  ,  ,    ,   250        .        -.   ,  -      .     :        -[394 - Collier, Defence, 13540; Wood and Dempster, Narrow Margin, 33439; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 120.].

   1940    ,    ,    ,  ,       ,           ,        .             ,          .  19:30     ,   .          .     , , , ,   .     .      ,      [395 - GILBERT 6, 77374; WSC 2, 312.].

  .     ,       .   -         ,       ,   ,          [396 - GILBERT 6, 774.].

       ,         , ,  ,   ,      .  ,              .     .        ,   .         ,    ,  ,    ,   [397 - Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 105.].



,   ,       ,   .         ,   .                (),            ,       ,           .   ,      [   ],          .  - ,      ,          ,   20  .   ,     ;   20  ,     ,  -        [398 - Cv/2, 703.].

           .       ,      -     .   ,  ,  :           ,     .  ,            ,        ,     ,      ,  , , .       :          ,    ,     ,  ,    [399 - C&R-TCC, 1:5667; GILBERT 6, 25.].

          ,        ,      .   ,  ,      (     ,  ,   ),     .   ,         ,          .          :     ,      1941 .  ,    ,  ,      .                 ,       ,      ,      .    ,        ,         .       [400 - C&R-TCC, 1:5667.].

  ,           ,   ,   ,  , .      ,            :                       - .        .   ,   ,        ,     .   ,           ,           ,    ,      .   ,           .     .    ,  - ,     :           ,      .   ,     .     :  ,   ,     .  ,    [401 - Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York, 1948), 1980; Cv/2, 255; Dilks, Diaries, 32223.].

     ,       ,           ,  .    -      ,         ,  .  ,  ,  ,  .        .        ,  ,    ,    ,    . 31         :  ,  ,       4  1940   ,     ,     . .   ,              ,    ,    [402 - Cv/2, 255 (letter to Mackenzie King); C&R-TCC, 1:69.].

,   .     ,  ,    ,     .      .  ,          .   .

       -      ,         . ,    ,            :         ,     .            .           .   .       ,  [403 - Cv/2, 255 (letter to Mackenzie King); C&R-TCC, 1:69.].

  1940             .       1  500  ;     ,    :     .     2  ,  ,    ,         .             .      ,     :    . , ,      ,    ,          ,      .            , ,   ,  .           -,  ,       ,             .    .           .         .      , ,      ,      .      [404 - WSCHCS, 6266.].

,  , ,       ,     ,        , 48  , 20     (   ), 250  .     ,    ,         13 [405 - GILBERT 6, 756; WSC 2, 297.].

 ,     ,       ,   .   ,   ,        .              . , ,         900   (3600 ),     ?         ,   ,      ,       ,     .       ,  .       .  ,    ,   ,      [406 - WM/Sir Robert Boothby, 10/16/80.].

13        .      ,     10-    80-   , , ,   300 ,        ,    .    ,   ,     ,        .       1922 ,   1936     I.    , ,  -  1936 ,           ,       .    ,    ,       ,       . , ,                 .  ,         ,       .          ,   .      .      ,       ,    .   ,   ,    -,   . ,   ,   ,        ,    ,     ,      .  80-        150- .     [407 - Cv/2, 655; Cv/2, 748; Collier, War in the Desert, 1819.].

  ,    ,      . -     70  ;     14          ,   , -  ,    .         ,   ,       .   ,  ,  ,        ,     ,      ,    [408 - GILBERT 6, 756.].     .            .            .         ,  ,     .



13,    ,          ,     ,     ,  .    -   :                 ,    1800  . (      500   .) ,  ,      ;      ,      ,     . ,  7 , [409 - Greiner, OKW, 9/13/40.].

         ,   ,   ,         .  ,      .      ,    [410 - Greiner, OKW, 8/30/40.].

      , 15 ,  ,         .    , ,  ,  ,       ,   .     ,      50   ,      , :       .       .  ,     , :    ?   :   .   ,        , ,    ,    .      .     ,     138 ,     26 , ,      ,           , 15        . ,   , ,    ,     , ,      ,            .   ,   ,  ,                 - [411 - WSC 2, 337; Deighton, Fighter, 262.].

   .      ()         -   .  ,           ,    ,        .  ,         ,    ,       -,        .        ,      . 17          ,           .      .          [412 - Taylor, Breaking Wave, 165; Seekriegsleitung Kriegstagebuch, War Diary of the German Naval War Staff, Part D, Lufttage, for September 16 and 18, 1940.].

            .         ;     (80),  (140),  (120),  (110),   , , , ,       .     .   ,   ,        . ,        , 15 ,   -            ,     ,       .    ,          ,        .            ,    ,    -  .  ,          ,      .      , ,  ,  .         ,   , ,       15 ,     .    ,  ,    : 7.     : [413 - WSC 2, 240.].



 8   -   .   274            .   -    7     ,   ,       ,    ,  2  1666 .         ,     , 87     13  . ,       .           ,    XVII        ,   ,  ,    .         ---. ,  ,      ---,  .       .              . ,  ,   .  ,  ,      ,       [414 - F.H.W. Sheppard, London: A History (Oxford, 1998); David Johnson, The London Blitz (New York, 1981), 33; WSC 2, 342.].

     ,      1666 ,  , -   ,   - ,     (. ).  ,   ,    , ,  ,     .    , ,       ,     ,      ,    ,    ,             .    ,         ,     .

 8       -.         ,      .    ,   ,    ,   . ,  ,       .  -       .  - :     ?   ,  .    ,     :  ,   ,    .  ,   ,  ,    .         !      !     .    -        ,  ,         .      ,      ,     .     .    ,    :     ,          :     ,  ,         ,    .    .          . ,       ,      -.     ,   .      ,      ;         ,    ,      [415 - Cv/2, 78889 (Ismay recollection); Thompson, 1940, 211; Cv/2, 789.].

       -.   .    ,       -,                 ,       .       1942 . ,     ,  .  ,          ,   ,   1942                 .      .       ,      ,    [416 - Colville, Fringes, 192.].

           .    .            .       92  ,  ,        7  9 ,  .       11- .     .      ,    ,      ;     ,   ,  12  .        .            Elsie        .    1941          (   ).         :       ,      ,    ,            [417 - WSC 2, 343; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 143.].

       ,   ,  -.   .        -,      .  10         ;       , , ,  .   ,    ,    .      .      .    .        :        ,   -     [418 - TWY, 111; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 145.].

  (  ,       )            .                   ,  2 ,         .  ,    ,        ,     ;       [419 -    ,   ,     , , ,  ,             ,     .].

      .      ,     .    ,     ,    2  . ,   ,       ,     .   ,   ,         ,    ,    , ,  ,   ,      .     , ,      ,      : ,  ,   ,       ,   [420 - William K. Klingaman, 1941: Our Lives in a World on the Edge (New York, 1989), 3, 7, 12.].

    ,     , ,       ,       .       ,   ;           ,      .  ,     .      ; ,   ,   ,      .        ,    .     ,           . ,    ,   .     ,             ,            14  [421 - Klingaman, 1941, 67; WSC 2, 360.].

  ,    ,   : -,  -.    ,  ,   ,  ,   , .     ,     .      , ,           .  ,      .

   , ,      1936 ,         ,    ,   ,    ,       .        ,  ,  ,   , ,     -       ,   ,   ,      .     .    The Daily Worker     ,        .   ,        ,               .     .      150    ,  ,    ;             600      .       ,     .             ,       ,    [422 - Bertrand Russell, Which Way to Peace? (London, 1936), quoted in Sheppard, London, 262; Colville, Fringes, 263.].

      ;      8  .     -- 11   :   ,    , ,    .  ,     ,   ,                    [423 - WSCHCS, 6277.].

        :       ,       .      .  ,           ,                  ,      .              .      ,      -,     ,           .       ;      ,                 ,     [424 - WSCHCS, 6276.].

 ,     []        .                 ,              .  ,  ,   , ,    ,    ,     -    ,      .         , ,           .  ,            .  ,  ,       ,                         , ,       [425 - BBC address, 9/11/40.].

  ,    ,  ,   ,     .  ,           ,     .         .     , , , ,      ?  ,     ,        .        ,       .

   .    ,  . , , -  ,  ,    ,  .

    ,       .   15  ,     ,      ,    .                .       , -        .        [426 -       ,    ,        .]             ,      ,      .

,   -   -        : ,     [427 - Johnson, London Blitz, 39.].

        ,          -  ,   .      :                Knickebein ( ).     .           .  Knickebein    Lorenz,     1930              .      Lorenz,   Knickebein       ,       .

 ,   , ,  ,  ,       3 ,      .      :              ,       .

         :    ,   , , ,           .                       1940 .     -           .   1930-                   .  ,    ,             .  ,    ,    .. ,             .       (     ,       ).   ,  ,    ,      .

     (   28 ),      , ,   ,       .        .  ,      ,  [428 - Jones, Wizard War, 9697.].

       .    1935 ,      ,   .      ,    .         ,        .   ,  ,   ,    .         ,           .     ,   .   , ,           Knickebein,      ,          .

     . 21      , , ,       ,  -.          .   ,         ,    , , ,       ,    .          .        ,  ,       .          ,   ,  ,    .   ,     ,        ,  ,  ,        .       , ,   ,      .     ,         ,          ,    [429 - WSC 2, 38485; Jones, Wizard War, 1012.].

   ,     .   -         ,       ,    , , ![430 - Jones, Wizard War, 102.]

 .   ,  , ,    , ,   ,        .    , ,  .       ,              [431 - WSC 2, 385; Tom Shachtman, Terrors and Marvels: How Science and Technology Changed the Character and Outcome of World War II (New York, 2002); see chap. 5 (Battles Above Britain) for overview.].

  .       ,   :     .        ,     .                 ,          .           . (   ,      ,        .)

         MAUD (Military Application of Uranium Detonation    )        -235.   -,     , ,   ;     .           ;   ,  ,    ,      . ,    .       Bell Labs         (  )      . ,  ,        ,     ,    .                   ,        .       .     ,          ,      .   ,    ,            ,        [432 - WSC 2, 385; Tom Shachtman, Terrors and Marvels: How Science and Technology Changed the Character and Outcome of World War II (New York, 2002); see chap. 5 (Battles Above Britain) for overview.].

    Knickebein (     ),    ,   .     ,      .   ,      ,   Aspirin ().               ,          ,          .        ,   ,        ,     ,    .    , ,    ,            ,         .  ,      ,     ,  -   .    ..  ,           , ,   ,     [433 - WSC 2, 38384; Jones, Wizard War, 102.].



    ,         ,         .  ,   750  ,     8  .            :   ,    -, ,   ,     .  ,    1666 ,      .      .       ,    ,   -,          Evening Standard .     Evening Standard     ,     ,  .  :     ͻ.

 -,   1666         ,   . ,         ,     .           ,       ,  -    . ,        ,   XIX ,     -,         ,   ,   - (  -  ,      )   .      ,   ,       .       , , ,   -       ,         . ,            ,   : ,       ,  --      XVIII .        ,   1940       ,      ..  Broken Blossoms ( ),   1919       .     ,  ,       ,    [434 -   ,   ,      1910 ,    ,    ,    .].

   [435 - Sheppard, London, 333.].

            ,        -.  1939   50        -;      40   .      ,       .

  ,  -    ,  25  ,      ,  ,    ,      .         :     ,     .       ,   -        .      ,     ,           ,     ,      .         (,  ,    ),                  . ,    ,   ,   ,     ,       ,        .   ,              , ,   ,        .        .            ,         ;  ,       ,  ,     [436 - Philip Ziegler, London at War (New York, 1995), 175.].

        -.      ,        ,      ,    .     -,     .      14     ,        ;  ,   ,    ,    20     .     [437 - WSC 2, 343.].

 2            -  .       -,  --,   -        ,    ,     ,      ,    -,          -[438 - WSC 2, 343.].

       -,        -,      ,      ,   ,       .     ,    . - ,    ,  -. 15     -,   ,   -. ,  ,          ,   Savoy,          ,     .  .            .       ,     ,    .   ;  -      [439 - Mosley, Battle of Britain, 138.].

        .     .       ,       ,  .   ,     ,   ,       .  ,  ,      .  :   ,   ,       [440 - Kay Halle, Irrepressible Churchill: Stories, Sayings and Impressions of Sir Winston Churchill (London, 1985), 168.].

          ,   .    7      ,      .

     ,  , , ,  ,  , ,       , ,   .         .     ,    ,      .     1500 , 130     ,  ,         ,     3   . 20    5       , , , ,           ,      .        ,     .     ,    .          . 29       ,      .             ,  ,      ,                [441 - Klingaman, 1941, 16.].



17      -.      10   .    .       ;       ,    . ,  ,  -,    . -     -[442 - TWY, 11516.].

17       .            -, 10 (      -     ).  10,   ,    ,     .           -,      .       ,        .      :     ,   , .       .  ,      [443 - WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80; Soames, Clementine, 379.].

 , ,   ,       ,    .          ,   ,   ,      .     ,   10    .       10,     ,    ,  .    ,  ,     ,      . ,    ,         10.     - ,       .  ,                .            10 .      [444 - Colville, Fringes, 24041; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 206.].

     ,       ,   10   .      -,      10,   -,          λ.      -.  , ,    , ,      ,       -      :       --[445 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

    .                  .       , ,    , ,  -     ,      ( 180 ),   ,   ,    ,     ,       ,       ,    .      .    ,   ,    [446 - WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80; Soames, Clementine, 38486.].

    -, 10  ,          . ,   ,          -.     ,     1932     .  ,       80   ,   ,      .       :  ,  Perrier Jouet 1928    1865 .  ,    5    .        -.           (   270 ,    ).      .   :    .  .        .   :   .  [447 - WSC 2, 375.].



     5   -,     ,   ,   -, -,         .  ,   -  ,          .          .     ,    ,   25  .  ,    ,   .   ,     .         ,  ,     .       .     :      . ,     ,                ,  ,  ,     -   [448 - Thompson, 1940, 213.].

    .   8      Tilbury Arches  .     : , , ,   -, .       ;     ,   ,  ,       . ,            , .          ,   [449 - Thompson, 1940, 222.].

     .        ,                 .    15  .     ,       .         -    ,     .    4       .       ,     .       : -   .          ;       ,     [450 - Mosley, Battle of Britain, 3637.].

  ,     ,    ,   ,  -   .     ,     [451 - WM/Viscount Antony Head, 8/6/80.].

  1939          (),               .    1940    ,   (18, 1)   1939 ,     ,    ,     ,           .  ,      18      ,   ,   ,         .        , ,    . ,     --   ,      ,     .         ,   ,  ,    ,     [452 - Time, 10/3/43; Time, 2/1/43; Mark Mayo Boatner, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II (New York, 1999), 8. See also Modern Law Review 5, no. 3/4 (July 1942):16273; Tim Pat Coogan, The IRA (London, 1971), 58.].

       ,  .          ,             ,     .       18,   .                 , ,   ,   :     ,   .         ,     .        ,      .

       ,        .  ,    ,   .          ,       ;     ,  .     [453 - Time, 9/23/40; Cv/2, 440, 446, 764; Colville, Fringes, 173; WSC 5, 680.].

 -    .          17 : ,              .   ,               ,      [454 - TWY, 114.].

       ,          ,             .      .   ,   ,    .  ,      ,      -.  ,   ,  .  ,         -.    ,  ,         . , , ,  .     .    ,    ,         [455 - Mosley, Battle of Britain, 139.].

   ,  ,      -,            .           .     :   ,    ,   ,   ,  ,    .          ;   ,    -,   .  ,      .     .     .     --,  :    ,   .       .   ,        . ,  ,      [456 - TWY, 11516.].



  ,      2200-  ,   ,    .           ,      .  ,    ,   ,     ,   600 . 21 ,   ,       ,       ,    ,              .  :  ,   [457 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 245.].

23    -    ,            .  ,                  -.      : ,     ,   ,    [458 - Colville, Fringes, 249.].

         ,        .            ;      5   ; -            . -      ,        .        .   ,      ,       .    ,    :       ,    [459 - Oxford Companion to World War II, edited by I.C.B. Dear (Oxford, 1995), 179, 331.].

        ,       .        ,  . 16    ,     ,   ,          ,     ,  .         .         ,     [460 - Martin Gilbert, The Second World War: A Complete History (London, 1989), 132.].

17       ,  ,     ,   ,   .  ,       ,    ,      . ,     ,     ,       , :  ,    ,     .   , ,     .  ,    ,    .     .        [461 - TWY, 121.].

        .             ,        [462 - CAB 120/300.].

   ,       ,    24 ,           Adlon     .      .      .  ,    .      .    ,   . .  - ,     ,   ,     .     ,     [463 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 778; Gilbert, Second World War, 128.].

        ,       .    , ,         ,  ,        ,    ,   1200-    ,     ,        .          ,       .                   ,         .     (  ) ,          [] ,        .           , ,     ,     ,    .   ,  ,           ?[464 - WSC 2, 584, 586.]



    500        . ,   , .      :               -. -        ,      .  ,                ,     .   ,           .        ,  .    ,   ,    ,    .   ,     ,     ,       .       ,     ,    , ,   [465 - WSC 2, 581.].

   .       .   ,       .          .         ,    . -       ,     ,  .     ,  ,    ,  ,     [466 - Colville, Fringes, 214.].

       ,  -  :      .    , ,         ,         .       .  ,          .   .      :     .        :  ,     1000  .  ?   -      [467 -    (Windmill)     ,               II.  1930-    ,            (    )    ,   ,   .       ,    ,   ,      .    ,   .              .          .            : Heart of the City (1945), Mystery at the Burlesque (1949), Secrets of a Windmill Girl (1966)  Mrs. Henderson Presents (2005).]    ,  ,  ,        .

        .   -,     , ,   ,       ,   . ,    ,    ,   . .. ,      [468 -     .],        ,   .

   - ,    :    .      -    ?         ,     .  ,     ,    .        [469 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 110; Klingaman, 1941, 9.].

          ,  ,          ,   .    .      ,         .    ,  ,     ,          ,   .        ,     .              ,  ,      ,   ,      .  - ,      ,  ,     ,         ,     [470 - Thompson, 1940, 220; Sheean, Thunder, 22425.].

    .    ,    ,    . ,  ,  ,   ,   ,       ,  -     .      ,     .    ,    .      ,    . ,  ,    ,        .   . ,    -,        ,     ,    [471 - Sheean, Thunder, 22425; Panter-Downes, War Notes, 137.].

  ,    ,  ,            ,  ,    . ,  ,  ,   ,  .         .    ,   ,  ,      .         .        [472 - WSCHCS, 6287.].

    ,   , ,      .    ,        ,     ,      .      :     ,           .    , ,    , ,   . ,    ,     ,  ,           [473 - Winston Churchill, My Early Life: 18741904 (New York, 1996), 62.].

            .       .                 ,                 .      ,               .   ,          ,       .  ,      ,    , ,   Times. 23      ,      ,   .     Richelieu  ,      .           .     .        ,   .          :    - .     ,   ,  , ,       [474 - GILBERT 6, 80810.].

   .      ,    ,     (   ).          ,  .      ,       ,    ,    ,      .             .   ,       Boston Globe,   ,      ,      ,    [475 - Joseph P. Kennedy, Boston Globe interview, 11/10/40; Victor Lasky, JFK: The Man and the Myth (New York, 1963), 58.].

      ,     .   ,   ,     ,    ,  .  -    .   ,      ,  :    ,   ,    , ,   ,   .  ,   ,    ,     ,         [476 - Colville, Fringes, 262, 275.].

       :    ?   ,  ,            ,      .   ,              .

    ,     20 .         ?   ,   ;        . -  ,  -  , - .   ,    ,     . 4   :       ,    ,    .    [477 - GILBERT 6, 816; C&R-TCC, 1:74.].

21 ,        ,   , , ,       :     .    .   , ,     .              ,           .      ,    , ,       ,    ,       .     ,           ,   ,  ,    ,       ,     ,   .            ,   ,   ,            .    ,     .   , ,     ,   , ,    [478 - WSCHCS, 6297.].

,     ,     ,      ,            .  ,  , ,         .       .   ,  .    ,       ,  .         ,          .  ,  : ,     ,   ,                          ,            .      , , ,  ,    ,    [479 - WSCHCS, 6297.].

,    , ,        .     ,   , :           :           .     ,   .              ,    .    ,        ,    :   !              ,      ![480 - WSCHCS, 6298; Conrad Black, Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom (Washington, DC, 2003), 595.]

     ,         ,  :        ,      .  , ,     ,     ,     .     (    -),    --  .     ?  . ,  -, ,    [481 - Cv/2, 979, 985; Colville, Fringes, 272.].

    ,     ,   ,     1941 . 28     , ,   ,      ,  -      ,    .      -   .    -   .

     -  ,    ,      .       ,          :                 .        .              ,       . ,        , ,        .



        .     ,    .      ,    , ;       .     ,     ,     .      . ,    ,     .      .      ,  ,       .  ,        ,    ,    :       .  ,   ,   ,    ,   ,  ,         ,   .       ,   .   ,     ?  .   ,  .       .    .  ,   ,  ,        10  1940 . ,   ,  :  ,  .  ,  ,  ,     [482 - WM/Pamela Harriman, 8/22/80.].

         .  , ,     ,   ,      .    ,      ,      10.  ,  () ,         ,    1940 ,  ,   .            ,  ,   , .           , .  ,     ,        ,    ,    ,   .    ,  , ,   .          ,        , ,    [483 - PFR/Lady Mary Soames, 6/07; WM/Pamela Harriman, 8/22/80.].

,   ,    .    ,   ,       ,   .          ,             .  ,       ,   ,      .   : ,    ,  , -    ,   ,       .       .          .  -       . ,    ,      , ,     ,     ,      .   ,       ,         -  :          [484 - Colville, Fringes, 216, 219, 248; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

,     ,     ,   ,     .  ,  ,     : ,   ;                .   ,  ,      .         ,     .  ,  ,  ,         .  ,    ,  .        ,   - : ,         ,   .       ,    ,       10,        . ,    ,    .            .     ,   ,     -.  ,         ;      (   ),       (   ),      ,   .   ,  ,  ,     ,   .   .     [485 - Colville, Fringes, 265; Thompson, 1940; WM/Pamela Harriman, 8/22/80.].

 ,       , .    ,      .        . ,   ,     ,     .           . ,       ,   ,          .    ,   1941    ,          - .        ,  ,            .   ,        ,   .     ,      [486 - Soames, Clementine, 387.].

        17 ,    City of Benares,   ,  .             ,  .      .    Roll out the Barrel, ,      Well have a barrel of fun,  .      ,   .            [487 - Soames, Clementine, 387; GILBERT 6, 793; Sarah Churchill, A Thread in the Tapestry (London, 1967), 5657; Time, 9/30/40.].



              ,  ,      .       ,      -  ,  ;            .      ,  : , ,      .               45- .            ,          Mannlicher,  Webley & Scott 32-     45- .  ,  ,   ,   ,       ,    .        :           100, 200  300 .     ,    ,   .   ,    ,     , ,   ,    [488 - Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 129; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

   ,  -     .    ,         .    ,        ,   .           [489 - WM/Lord Geoffrey Lloyd, 11/27/80.].

       -,       .  ,   , ,    ,    ,      .      -,  ,     .        ,   . , ,  .  1906   ,        .      .    ,     ,        ,    [490 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

        .    ,           ,  ,   ,    -     (   )[491 -              .  ,    -  45-     -    . -             14  1929   .         2030-        .  - (Tommy Gun)             Trade Mark division of the Patent Office.        ,     .        ,        .].

    ,    :     . ,      ,       ,      ,    ̻.      .    ,    ໠    ,     [492 - Mosley, Battle of Britain, 121.].

    ,      10   ,        ,   .   .       ,    ,  .         ,    ,       -    -.       ,  ,     .  ,            10 .         ,      .     ;    .         ,            .   ,     ,         [493 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 118.].

                 .    .      ,       ,  ,      .            .   [494 - Churchill, Early Life (being shot at without result).].

    ,    .   ,  ,      ,    .                           ,        ,        ,    ,   ,    , ,    ,      .      ;      ,    ,      .     ,    ,   ,      .      ,  ,     . ,       ,   .  ,   .   ,  ,    ,          ,    .   , ,     [495 - Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 211.].

  ,      ,    .    ,    -,     . ,  ,    ,     .  ,         .  ,  .        [496 - Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 21011.].

    ,  ,        ,        .                ,    .   ,       .      ,  ,      .    ,    ,        .     .    -,        .    ,        . Go to Hell! (  !),    .     ,  ,            ,   ,    ,   ,    .     Go to Hell,  G to ell. ,  -   ,    .    ,    .   ,     .     ,     .  .  ,    ,      , ,    ,   [497 - Colville, Fringes, 278; Dean Acheson, Sketches from Life of Men I Have Known (New York, 1959), 3, 17.].

         ,   -     .           ,    .        . ,    ,   .  ,   .    !,  .     ,  ,    . ,     ,    ,    ,  .     ,    -,     .      ;   ,       . , ,  , ,      :     ,  ,    .      .        ,   ,   ,     .        ,             .      :     ,    [498 - Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 211.].

-    ,      10 ,          , ,     ,      ,   ,   .     ,   ,     ,      . ,  ,   .     ,    -         .      .     ,    ,   .  -    ,         .               ;              ,  .     ,     .    ,       ,    ,    -  ,   10  .   ,   ,   .   ,   : ,  .   [499 - Cv/2, 9078.].

    ,    .  .   10       .    ,         :     .        [500 -    ,             -           ,   III  ,         .       .  1884           .           ,         (    -  ).].

   ,  ,            ,              .    ,     .    ,     ,    [501 - Cv/2, 9078.].   ,  ,   ,        .  ,     1940    .  ,       .    ,      ,  ,    ,  ,  ,             ,          [502 - Moran, Diaries, 9.].

       ,     .     ,      . , ,    .  .      .     ,      ,  .    -, , ,        .       ,    .    ,      .   ,      ,   .     ,    ,             ,     .  ,  ,     ,  [503 - TWY, 127.].

           .     .  1898                 .             .      ,      .   ,       ,  .   ,    1940 ,    ,     ,       ,        .     . ,  ,     ,   ,  ,         .         , ,     ,  [504 - Randolph S. Churchill, Winston S. Churchill: Youth, 18741900 (Boston, 1996), 400, 410; Colville, Fringes, 273.].

            ,        . ,          ,   :     ,      ?        :      -.          ,       .         ,   ,    ,   ,      .    .       .   .             ,    ,     ,  ,   .       .     .        .   .     [505 - Colville, Fringes, 291; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 17075.].

    -,  . ,      ,      .        ,           ; ,    .             .   ,   ,        .        ,   ,       ,     ,   .  ,    ,  ,     .  ,  ,      ,      .  , ,  ,     ,  :   ,     [506 - WM/John Colville, 10/14/80; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 174.].

           .      ,       -,  ,      .  ,  ,   30     ,     .      .    ,    ,  ;           ,    .      , ,     ,    ,    -. -       ,    .      , 9 ,  .     ,             . , ,  ,      .    [507 - Soames, Clementine, 386; Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 123; Cv/2, 1069.].

,   ,   ,      ,     ,    .          ,       .         .       (35 ),       .     ,   ;   ,    .       .   ,                 ,   ,    .          ,   ,        .    ,   (, ,  ) ,    ,   , .      ,       .  20:00  .        ,        .        ,    ,  , .  ,  ,   .       ,  .

     .       Pol Roger (      1928 )[508 -     ,       ,           .  1900              ,    .        -.         .   20         -,      Pol Roger  1984        Sir Winston Churchill.].

    .   ,   ,     :   ,   .  ,  ;     ,    -     ,     [509 - Colville, Fringes, 319; Moran, Diaries, 336; WM/Lord Soames (Pol Roger), 1980.].

     , ,   .     .       ,      1940 ,   .   -    ,    Β.  ,  ,       . ,          (   It Happened One Night (   )[510 - Colville, Fringes, 319; Shirer, Berlin Diary, 468.].

,         ,      .      . -         ,      .  ,        , , ,   ,  ,         - . ,  ,    .     .      ,  .      .        .   -   ,   ,       黠     [511 - PFR/Winston S. Churchill, 3/04.].



         :     ,   ,         ;    ,     .      14  15      ,       .         ,    650 ;    ; -       .      .  -   .    -,   Carlton Club, Travellers Club,     .  10         .

    400      70     ;  900 .            ,        ,  ,    .        .  1400         ;                - .     ,     ;        .      ,       :                 .         ,                [512 - Colville, Fringes, 267; Sheppard, London, 336; WSC 2, 37072; Gilbert, Second World War, 132.].

     .          ,          .     .            : ,      .         ,     , ,  ,     ,   ,  .            ,   .        ,       ,  ,   . 800-             .       ,      ;       100 .         ,   .   ,    .        [513 - Ziegler, London at War, 11920.].

  ( )    20 ,       ,  ,    ,   ,     ;   3    .    ,                 .           ,        ,      ,       - ,    . ,             .    ,        [514 - WSC 2, 36061.].

            ,    .       ,    -.    ,           .      ,    .        :   ,     ,      . ,  ,          .     ,  ,          ,      ,   .          .   :           .        [515 - WSC 2, 36061.].



       ,       ,        . -          -  .    ,  ?     . ,  .      ,     .    ,    .    .     . -  ,        .    : ,      .     ,         .    ,    ,                 .      10    .      .         .       ,    ,        ,     .  -       ,     ,     ,      .   ,      .    ,    -,   ,     ,   ,                .    ,  , ,      [516 - WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 183; Colville, Fringes, 243; WM/John Colville, 10/14/80.].

               , -    .   ,  ,       ,    ,  .  ,   ,      ,   ,     .    ,         .   ,   , ,               .     ,  ,    ,  , ,   . ,    ,   .   .    . ,      ,  ,    ,     - ,   ,  ,    ,          ,    ,  , , ,     [517 - Ismay, Memoirs, 18889.].

        ,    ,          ,  ,         :   .                ,  ,   ,    . ,    ,         .  ,  ,    ,     ,  ,   ,  ,     - , :    ,       .       ,      .  ,   ,    ,        ,      . ,   ,       ,     .   ,  ,   , , ,       .   .   ,  .          -,    ,        .           ,  [518 - Colville, Fringes, 262, 275; GILBERT 6, 862; ChP 20/13.].



  ,  ,      ,     .  ,    ,    ,     ,     ,   .       .          ,   ,     ,  .       ,       .  ,  ,     :        .         ,      ,   .          ,   ,   , ,  ,   ,  ,   [519 - Colville, Fringes, 264, 28081.].

     .       ,      ;    ; -       ;   ,   .        ,     .               .   .             ,    .  ,   ,   .   ,  ,           ,      ,   .

      . ,    ,      ,    .      .     ,     ,  ,     ,       ,     .    ,  ?    .     ,  -   ,      ,        , , .        ,  ,    ,   . , ,     ,    ,    .          ,         .   ,   ,     ,       ,        [520 - GILBERT 6, 835.].

 ,          .      .          .    : -     ,    . ,    ,       ,  ,   ,     ,       .   ,      ,    ,                    ,        .      ,    ,         [521 - Soames, Clementine, 394; Colville, Fringes, 259; GILBERT 6, 837.].



   -    .            ,       ,  ,   ,  ,      .     ,   ,     ,        .    ,         -.        .                  .   ,     ,     ,         .      ,  .     ,    .   . ,        , ,     [522 - WCS 2, 299, 355; GILBERT 6, 886.].

London Can Take It ( !),   ,    ,         .       12   .    ,         -  ,        ,     ,       .             ,      .             , , , , , ,     .   ,     , ,   13        ,     16          [523 - Thompson, 1940, 22124; Ziegler, London at War, 240.].

27          ,   .   ,                        . ,      ,                      .   ,     ,         160  , ,        .   ,            , ,   1941   ,    ,          .     :     [524 - C&R-TCC, 1:81.].



      ,      .   , 28 , ,    ,    ,    ,      .         ,  ,     ,   . ,    ,          ,   .  ,        -  : .   ,      [525 - John Keegan, The Second World War (London, 1989), 14446.].

     ,             .  ,     ,        .  ,  ,      1939 :       ,  ,     .     ,  , ,  fantoccini ().  ,                      .       :        ,   .              .    ,         .          ,    ,     .        ,  ,   ,  .  , ,         ,  ,  .

              ,  180-       [526 - GILBERT 6, 87475, 877; Keegan, Second World War, 14446; Cv/2, 1016.].

              .            -   .      ,    (    ).           ,         .     ,           .    ,         .      : ,   !        - .      ,   ,   , :   [527 - Richard Collier, Duce! (New York, 1971), 17980.].

        28 ,   ,    .     ,  .        ,   .        ,    ,   ,     .  ,       ,  ,    .              ,  . , ,   ,       .      ,         ,   .     ,       ,               ,   [528 - Colville, Fringes, 276; Keegan, Second World War, 145.].

   : .      :         ,    1939 . ,       ,     .     .      .        ,       ,   : .   .     .     ,     .          ,    -  ,        .  ,   ,                .    ,    ,      -[529 - Colville, Fringes, 276; Keegan, Second World War, 145.].

        :     ,          .              . ,      ,    , 1   :             ,          .      :       .       .         ,             .   .      ,       ,                .       ,    ,     .   ,       ,       [530 - Collier, War in the Desert; GILBERT 6, 88385.].

       ;   ,       ,  1           .          ,    ,     .   ,     ,                        ,        .   ,      ,    ,     ,      .         :

		  ,
		   ,
		      셻[531 -  . .]

        ,     ,   .   ,     , ,       -   ,       .       .         Under the Spreading Chestnut Tree (  ).  ,    --          .        -,  ,       [532 - Colville, Fringes, 28384.].

         ,   ,  ,    ,      ,     .        .    , ,     -   ,   ,     .  ,           .               .             ,  ,     ,     .  ,   ,     ,   ,  ,              - .   ,       70     53      .   ,       , ,   [533 - ChP 20/13.].

     ,   , ,    ,       ,   ,        ,  .      ,   ,  ,  ,       ,     ,  ,  ,         .    ,       .     70     ,       .      ,    .        .   ,    ,  .  ,        ,      ,    .       ,     .        ,   ,               .  ,       ,  ,   ,        ?  ,           :        [534 - Colville, Fringes, 224.].

        , ,        ,          :           []               ,   ,          ?   ,         .     ,          26   ,               .          ,    ,      26 ,             . ,      , :          ,       ,   ,     .     ,           ,  ,        -.  ,         ,   .            ,         [535 - Cv/2, 1001.].

 ,          ,     26 . , ,    ,   ,     .   ,   ,      ,      .   ,        , ,       ,         ,       .             ,  ,  , 4 ,           .         .   ,   ,   .  ,              .  ,      . ,   , ,                    .      (     ,      ).   ,     ,       ;      . 3   : ,         ,    ,    ,      ,   ,  .         .      .      : ,     .  [536 - GILBERT 6, 885, 905; WSC 2, 53643; Eden, Reckoning, 195.]. ,   , 8             .    ,  ,  .    10-  ,             ,   -.   ,    ,   .  ,     75        -,    145    (           ).               -  -.         ,        [537 -       ,      ,      Michelin     .      1900 ;     ,     : ,  , ,   .  1920      .].

       ,      ;    .             .       .      ,   ,              15 .    .   .       ,     , ,               .   ,    ,   ,       ,        [538 - Collier, War in the Desert, 2122; WSC 2, 543.].



 2    ,       ,  ,  .    .       7 .   10       1300   2400     .       ,     ,   ,       ,           ,  ,    ,  ,   .        ; 4   - :      .    ,      . -    ,        ,      ,    ,            ,     ,             .                 .      ,       .    :         [539 - Gilbert, Second World War, 137.].

  ,     ,      ,      ,           ,    2    ,    10   .  ,   ,        ;     ,       1,2   .           ,       -   .         :  -     .       - .            .     ,       . ,       ,        ,      .          .             .  ,            .      ,     .         ,     .     ,    ,   -         ,        ,     .  ,     ,      [540 - Cv/2, 102223.].

    4 ,      .    .      (     ).   .        ,   55      449     82   .     :  ,  ,  ,       ,     ,    ,    ,   ,         .   ,     - ,  , ,       ,     ,         .       , , ,      ,   ,            ,       ,    -    .  ,      ,    -         .      ,          ,      ,  ,   ,     [541 - C&R-TCC, 1:81.].

  . ,      ; ,    ,      ,  ,   .         ,     ,      .  ,          ,    ,      12 ,   ,     11  12            [542 - Cv/2, 1147.].

  ,  , ,     ,   ,      ,   -      .   :      ,   .  ,            - .     ,       :   .    . ,     ,        ,      ,    .    ,   -  ,    ;     ,      . ,    11  12    ,   ,      .          ,             [543 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 116 (Eyetalian fleet).].

  12         .    -         -       ,   ,      138   .       ,      ,   ,    .       -  Illustrious,    170 .   ,   20   ,  ,      ,     .   ,        ;       .          .          .             .        ,  ,    ,  ,            .  ,   []         .             .  ,   .    ,   ,      ,     -    .  ,       ,     ,    ,    [544 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 114; Cv/2, 1089 (sugar for the birds); WSCHCC, 6309.].



      6 ;    9 ;        .                 :        ,         .     ,      - (  )      .   ,         ,  , :        .          [545 - Ronald Kessler, The Sins of the Father (New York, 1996), 230.].

   .        .       ,        .     ,  ,        -    ,      . ,    ,           , ,     ,    ,           .    .  ,   ,   ,     . ,       ,  ,       .  ,       ,     ,     ,         ,         .

,       ,      .       .        ,   .      ,   .    , ,    ,        ,    10.          ,        ,         ,        .  ,    ,    ,             .  12        ,      . ,     ,    ,   ,   ,  ,        . ,  ,    ,                ,           ,         [546 - WSCHCS, 6307.].

     ,                ,  .        ,       .  .        ,     .    : , , ,      .   14     ,     ,      -        .   ;        .        .  ,       .  .     ,           ,          ,     ,  [547 - Colville, Fringes, 29495.].

       (  )         - .     ,       ,        [548 - ,            ,                ,    .   1922 ,      ,     ,   1939   ,      ,    . 13       ,    . ,   ,     ,           ,    (C&R-TCC, 1:11213). (. .)] ( ),     , ,    . ,   ,    ,    . [],     ,      [549 - Colville, Fringes, 292.].

    14-,  ,         ,   ,     .    ,  ,  ,  ,         ,    ,      .    ,        -,      [550 - WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.].

       ,         .    ,           . ,   ,   ,   Mondscheinsonate ( ).      ,      ,             .    , ,  ,    -  15  20     . ,    ,      ,   : ,  [551 - Cv/2, 1096; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.].



      ,    ,    ( Knickebein),   ,      ,    ,    -    . ,    X-Great (X-),     ,       ,  ,    ,    ,    ,        .      ,           .                   .   -   ,  ,      ,  , ,  ,   .         ,       .

            ;     Kampfgruppe 100 (100-  ). Kampfgruppe 100,      ,       .  1940 , ,       ,    ,     ,  -,     ,   .  ,       ,              10 .        .   ,             ,      .     .         :     ,      .       ,      .   1940      ,  .      ,   [552 - WSC 2, 38385.].

 ,     ,          ,   ,   ,    .        ,    ,       ,   .   29 ,      .       ,     ,       .     ,  ,        .    ,     ,    ,   ,   ,   .    [553 - TWY, 139; Panter-Downes, War Notes, 117.].

   -,   ,         .   ,  ,   ,   ,      ,    .     . -    ,    (  )   .    .  ,    ,  -,       - ,         [554 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 117.].

            : 1941    -  (AI Mk IV).           X-Great.  14   ,  Bromide,     .          ,     [555 - WSC 2, 38485; Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (New York, 1991), 19899.].

  ,    ,    -. -,   ,     ,         ().      10    -.          -,    ,        . ,       ,  .      ,       [556 - WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; Colville, Fringes, 295; John Colville, The Churchillians (London, 1981), 635.].

     .    ,     .    -111,      100- ,      .             600        .     ,   -     ,  ,     .         .      ,        ,   .       [557 - Thompson, 1940, 227.].

    .     ,    . ,    - ,    ,     100    .    .    ,        ,  , , ,      :    ,   .        .   ,   ,     .  ,   ,      .   :     ,   .      ,  ,   ,       [558 - Public Record Office documents AIR2/5238 and AIR20/2419 indicate that Churchill and the War Cabinet did not know which city would be the target on November 15.].

 ,     ,  ,            .    ,    ,      . ,   ,   .    ,     , ,          .          ,        ,      .

              ,        ,      .          , ,   .       ,       .     ;   14-  16-        .   ,   .      ,      廠   - .      .    1940    -       . ,         , ,  ,      [559 - Colville, Fringes, 297.].

 -       -  8   , ,    ,     , ,   8  1923          .   ,           11 .   . , , ,         ,  ,  .

                .          ,           ;     Abigail ().  :             ,                     ,       ,        .     ,   .        ,                  . ,     ,     .       .    16 .   ,    ,     .  1941 ,   ,  ,      [560 - Cv/2, 1186, 121718; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.].

               , , ,      . ,  ,       ,   .  ,    , ,    ,        84  77?.      ,    ,      ,   ,          .    ,        ,   .        ,    ,    ,  ,   ,   ,     [561 - Cv/3, 1163.].

  ,  , 1 ,      ,    ,    .    ,   ,    ,    .  ,  -    ,    ,  [562 - Soames, Clementine, 395.].



 ,    ,          , ,    ,       .       :  ,          ,       ,   .      .     ,   ,   14   [563 - Colville, Fringes, 167; TWY, 9697.].

 1 .  .     .

   4600  .          18  ,    2  . ,    ,  ,      ,  ,        [564 - WSC 2, 576; GILBERT 6, 939.].

     .      ,     .   ,          .   , ,   ,       .  , ,   ,   ,    ,   ,   ,      ,  ,         .   26     .

 ,        ,     .   ,     ,      ,    .      250  ,     300  ,  376      60      .  ,      ,      .       Die Gluckliche Zeit ( ).    ,         ,    ,    ,  .  ,   ,  ,       ,   .       ,       ,    ,      . ,       1920-,    ,     .   -     ;               .                    .       ,   ,    .             [565 - David Miller, U-Boats (New York, 2000), 126; C&R-TCC, 1:112; Premier (Prime Minister) Papers, Public Record Office, Kew, 3/462/2; Cv/2, 1233.].

               .   ,     ,        . ,      ,  ,    1941      ,        (   ,          )  1942 .        ,       .       1940                      [566 - Roger Chesneau, Conways All the Worlds Fighting Ships, 19221946 (London, 1980) (HM S Lewes).].

      .  ,  -17    ,  .    20  , 5  , 150200   250  ?    .  ,  ,   .              :     ,  ?   ,              1941     -17     [567 - Cv/2, 780, 84445.].

   ,     ,     :          ,     . ,     ,    :              .               . ,      ,    .           - ,      , ,        [568 - Cv/2, 1246.].

       .            .    ,  ,       .   ,           :       ,        ,            ,  -    ,      ,                 ,  ,        , ,      [569 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 81011; WCSHCS, 6269.]

  ,  ,   ,    ,  .          4,5   (   160    2012 )     .              2  , ,    ,      ,     .       ;         ,          .                  .       ,  .    ,   ,      : , ,  .      ,              20        ,   ,    ,      ,       [570 - WSC 2, 55658; C&R-TCC, 1:1029.].

      ,           ,     .   7 ,   ,       -  .      :   ,   ; ,      [571 - WSC 2, 558.].

    ,           ,    .   ,  .      ,       .          ,                   ,             ,     .      ,     ,         ,    ,     [572 - C&R-TCC, 1:1078.].

                 [573 -    19371949     .]    ,    ,  ,       .                    .    ,              ,    ,         ,               .

      ,   ,          ,     . ,    ,  ,          -        ,          .  1938  ,          ,     .      ,  ,     ,      .  .      , ,      [574 - C&R-TCC, 1:1078; WM/Malcolm MacDonald, 1980.].

              -.      ,   , ,   ,             .         ,     ,   .  ,     ,     .           ,       .    ,   ,     ,      ,              ,  ,           ,                  ,      .  ,   ,          ,      ,       [575 - C&R-TCC, 1:1078.].

    .    , ,    ,        .  ,      ,      ,        ,      ,       .

     .      :   ,          ,       ,       [576 - WSC 2, 56769.].

,    ,        ,   .             ,      , ,   ,     ,    ,   .  ,  ,  , ,  ,      ,   ,    ,      .       ,       :        ,      . 17    ,    ,     .      ( ,  ):  ,     ,        400500 .          ,       .   ?    : ,      15 ,      15 . !     15 ,  ,       ,   .  ,    ,     ,    .             ;     ,    .    .         ,       ,    [577 - GILBERT 6, 694.].

12       ,           . ,    ,    ,   . ,      !  .           .      ,  .       ,  ,   ,     .   ,  ,     .      -    , ,  ,      . ..      ,        .      .   :      ,             ,   ,   ,                .   , ,     ,                .       ,  ,  ,     ,            , ,     ,        [578 - Colville, Fringes, 309, 321; WSC 2, 570.].

   ,       ,    ,          :       ?      ?           .         Felix (),    ,  ,   .  ,          .  ,   ,   ,       ,   .    ,  ,          , .    ,   ,   ,   - [579 - Colville, Fringes, 314.].

        .       ,    .  ,        ,         . ,     ,  ,       .  ,  ,     .                        ,      .  ,   ,            [580 - C&R-TCC, 1:86.].

   ,        ,     ,      . , ,   ,  ,      ,    .  -                   .    ,  ,     ,            .   ,  13       18   ,   :                  .  15           [581 - WSC 2, 530.].



  , ,    1940             ,  ,    ,    . ,              .    1940          ,             .

,           ,  ,     .      ,    ,         ,    ,    .         ,       , ,        ,       ,  .         ,   ,    .        ,       [582 - WSC 3, 56869.].

     ,    ,      .     ,   ,    1937 .     -                . 400-           . - ,   ,   ,     ,        .     ,            .     ,       ,   ,    ,        ,  [583 - Winston S. Churchill, Step by Step, 19361939 (New York, 1959), 137.].

27    ,      ,      ,           - ,        .        .   ,      ,          700     ,    400     ,       -          .     ,   ,                   .    ,  ,  - ,      .     - ,        7     ,    ,      .    ,  ,    ,   :     ?    ,      ?    ()?    ?[584 - WSC 2, 497, 523; Dilks, Diaries, 329.]

            ,      ,            ,  廠         . ,              ,     ,     . ,        ,    ,           ,      :  .  ,   ,        ,    ,      .      [585 - C&R-TCC, 1:74.].

          ,  .  -     ()     ,     ϸ-,        .     ,          .         ,  ,   ,   ,   .      ,       .      ,            ,            ,      .  ,         ,   ,  .  1940          .        .    ,    ,        .       , , , ,     .     1941        ,   ϸ-[586 - Time Capsule 1940: A History of the Year Condensed from the Pages of Time, edited by Henry R. Luce (New York, 1968).].

  .      -   (160    ,     )    .    1945 . , , 500- (  ),         (General Purpose vehicle, GP).         ,        ,   ,             .          ; 800          .   ,    ,           .    ,          ,   :    800  ,   ?[587 - Time Capsule 1940.]

    , ,          .    ,            ,    ,      7 ,     ,       -,     .    ,           ,  .  1940      [588 - C&R-TCC, 1:6566; Churchill, Early Life, 33 (from Manchester, The Last Lion, vol. 1, and Cowles, Churchill).].

      ,    ,    .    , ,  ,      .   -      ,   ,      .      ,    ,          .      ,    ,   ,   ;  ,      , ,   , :  ,  , ,     ?      ,          .         .     , ,       ,         Hitlerwetter, , , .   ,     ,    [589 - Celia Sandys, Chasing Churchill (New York, 2005), 138; Shirer, Rise and Fall, 78283.].



6     ,       ,        ,  .      ,        ,   ,     -    ,     -,   75       -,     ,               (    ).    500   ..    II       ,           .        -  , ,      -, ,   , ,  ,      ,       .  331   ..  ,     ,   .      ,           .           .     - (   )         .



-       ,      ,     .        ,        ;     .      , -  Β       30  ,           -  -,   .   ,           ,              Β.   Β,    ,                 -.  Β                 , ,          Β.

 ,                 .  ,    -    150-  .    30-  Β       . Β        .            7-    .  (  -, 1876 ),    ( , 1854 )   [590 -       .  1915    ,                       . (. .)]   (1915 )[591 - Celia Sandys, Chasing Churchill (New York, 2005), 138; Shirer, Rise and Fall, 78283.].

   Β  .     -,        .      ,      ,            .     , , ,  , -  .                 .  Β    ,   ,    ,   .

  Β ,    ,      , ,  ,     .  ,          .        ,   ,             .       ,   Β    ,      - ,    ,   25   .      , : ,  ,    ,     .

  ,  .     8  9   Β           -.            ,        .      ,        ,    .     9   Β      .

    ,   , , , ,   .              26- . ,      ,   40- QF 2 pounder  ()   ,   .  ,   ,       ,  Β .            [592 - Collier, War in the Desert, 2633.].

   .       ;          .   ,    ;        .        ;      ,       .            ,          .       :   ,  2     .  10       . 1-       ,     .      .        ,   ;     ,  -  ,  .

       Β  . 12      ,      ,  -.      ;     39        .     ,   5    200  . ,     ,      ,   :  ,        .   :   , ,    ,   .            [593 - Collier, War in the Desert, 2728; Colville, Fringes, 3089.].

Β    ,  -, ,   ,   .     :      -. Β ,        .    .        ,   [594 - Collier, War in the Desert, 29.].

      ,             .      , ,            ,   .  ,     ;    ,  ,      . ,     , ,   .  1928            ,   ,    [595 -      .. ..  :      []    .              . .       .       ,       50   .            .]         ,           :         .

            :  ,         .  ,   , ,   ,      ,   ,    [596 - GILBERT 6, 935; Colville, Fringes, 309; Mark Mayo Boatner, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II (New York, 1999), 602.].

16  Β   .   :              .     18    :   ,  7,  7 (,    ; ,  ; ,   ).   ,        ,    .     [597 - GILBERT 6, 935; Collier, War in the Desert, 29.].



      . 8      .     () [598 -  (18971958),   ,  1935         .   ,       cafes socity,     .. .      . (. .)]  ,   .

     ,           ,     ,    ,   . ,     , :  .    :       .   ,        ,      ,   [599 - Cv/2, 1204.].

          450 ;      . 29      .    ,      ,           ,    .     .      ;   ,   . 100-   (K-grupp 100)         17:30        ,    .         ,    .     ,     .   100-     ,      ,   Elephant and Castle.       ,  (  ),          .   [600 - Mosley, Battle of Britain, 149.].

 .      --  :         ,   ,      .   ,    ,    ,    ,  ,     .    ,    ,  .   ,  ,    ,     [601 - Leonard Mosley, Marshall: Hero for Our Times (New York, 1982), 15051.].

     .     ໠ -   ()[602 -  1939/40        : -3   250, -2   500, -1   1.        ,       , , .            ,      ,     .               .].

      .     -   ,   5  .  ,          .  -    ,     .       .   ,   ,   , ,     ,    .   ,       ,       ,   .    ,  [603 - NYT, 12/30/41; TWY, 132; Klingaman, 1941, 16.].

  30     , ,   , ,             .     ,       .            ,   .   ,       , -,     .               ,    .    ,  ,       . ,        ,     ,     ,  ,       ,     ⻠       .             . ,   ,    ,  :      .    ,     ,      .       , ,   , ,      ,  ,     ,     .   ,      ,    ,        .          .       .          ,      ,        .                .           .   ,      [604 - FDR broadcast, 12/29/40, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum.].

           .    ,   ,         ?        .           ?           ,          ,           .   ,     : ,  ,   ,      , ,     ,      [605 - FDR broadcast, 12/29/40, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum; Colville, Fringes, 321; C&R-TCC, 1:122 23.].



      ,     ,    ,        .  ,    ,    ,  ,    ,     .   1940                ,      ,    ,        [606 - WSC 2, 62829.].

   ,      ,   .     .

    1941 .  .




 2



1941 


   1  1941     :   ,      ,  ,       ,     ,  ,  ,         ,                .      ,       ,     ,   .        -,       , , ,     ,     ,      .       ,      ,   .        ,    ,        ,    ,   ,     .         ,   ,     .      ,    ,       ,     :  1940       , , , 1941       [607 - C&R-TCC, 1:120; John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 19391955 (New York, 1985), 32627.].

  ,    -    , ,    ,    ,     .   ,    ,   1941 ,   ,    ,     .  ,   ,   : ,        . ,           , ,   ,   ?    ,               .    ,    ,                    [608 - WSC 3, 540; Noel Annan, How Wrong Was Churchill? New York Review of Books, 4/8/93.].

   ,     ,            ,    .       .        ,      ,   ,   .       ,      ,   ,    .          ,      ,           .      II, -,  ,        ,    .   ,      : ,               ?      .   , ,   ,       ,      .   .       ,      .    II   . ,   ,         -[609 - William K. Klingaman, 1941: Our Lives in a World on the Edge (New York, 1989), 24, 9293; ChP 20/36; ChP 20/21.].

 -          ,    20-  .         ,        .                1940      -.         ,   ,   ,          ,        ,     .  , , ,          ,      .         [610 - Klingaman, 1941, 2425; ChP 20/36; ChP 20/21.].

 600          ,       .      .       ,          .    .     .   ,  .        ,        ,        ,      ,  [611 - Colville, Fringes, 145.].

 . ,       ,    ,       ,    :     [612 -    ,    1942 .      ,     1625    .         16411649 ,      I. ,    ,  1936   .].



1 ,            ,  ,             ,       .  ,     ,     , ,     :          ,         ,            , ,   ,   ,      ,       ,           .      .      ,      [613 - C&R-TCC, 1:12122; Colville, Fringes, 327.].

                     .   ,      . .. ,     ,    .         .                   ,        .   ,       ,  ,      ,     ,      .        [614 - John Colville, The Churchillians (London, 1981), 162; Colville, Fringes, 653; Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon, The Reckoning: The Memoirs of Anthony Eden (New York, 1965), 168, 215.].

     .         ,     .          (       ).         .            20          .     ,       .    1935             ,     : ,     .  ,     ,  1938    ,    .       ,   ;    , , ,      [615 - Lewis Broad, Anthony Eden, The Chronicle of a Career (New York, 1955), 48; Eden, The Reckoning, 435; W&C-TPL, 408.].

,              .          .     ;  ,  .   ,     ,    ,               ,    .    ,  ,       ,     :    ?      ,    :   .



       .     -   ,   ,       ,   ,    .   5-  ,       ,  , ,       ,        ,       .     ,  ,    ,    . ,   ,        , ,    ,           .       ,               . ,          ,     .           . ,    , ,         ,         ,     ,  .   ;           ,   .         . ,   ,     .        .                [616 - Martin Gilbert, Churchills War Leadership (New York, 2004), 72; Mark Mayo Boatner, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II (New York, 1999), 1819, 37273; Colville, Churchillians, 15657.].

           ()     ,    V        II       ,   1940      Kelly,    ,     .    ,    :    .   ,     ,    ,   1914 ,    ,   ;    -      .            ,  .   . , ,    ,  ,     ,   ,    ,     .  :      , , ;           .          ,     ,  Kelly,    .    ,       ,       ,       [617 - ChP 2/416; Colville, Fringes, 326; Boatner, Biographical Dictionary, 380.].

        ,            .  ,      ,   ,    .      .    ,  :  ,    .  ,     .     ,      ,        :       廠      ,        [618 - Klingaman, 1941, 9091.].

                  .        .  !            , ,  ,      .      ,   ,       ,    ,       .       .  ,  ,        ,     ,         [619 - Klingaman, 1941, 92; WM/Malcolm Muggeridge, 11/25/80.].



   ,   ,        800   ,    ,         .    ;   -        ,     ,                .  ,        ,      .  ,    ,       .  ,    ,   1939         ,     . 1      3- .       -,    ,       ,  -    .        ,   ,      ;     [620 - Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York, 1948), 9; Carlos DEste, Patton: A Genius for War (New York, 1995), 39091.].

  1939                 1941 ,         ;    ,         ,     .

         ,      . ,     ,     .       ,        ,    .   ;   .        .         .       ,           .    ,     ,   ,     .     ,       ,   . 1   ,       .    ,     ,  .   [621 - Klingaman, 1941, 43.].

   ,   ,  .     . 1               , ,   ,    .          18   , ,    --,          .   :    ,         .

    ;      ,     .      ;   , ,    ,   ,    .    , , ,         ,          .     , ,  .   ,      ;     ,          ,        --.     ,   1941   ,      ; ,  , .    .    ,      .    :  ,            ,  ,     .     ,    ,      ,    .        ,        ,   .   ,  .       .  ,        ,   ,   .   ;    [622 - Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle (New York, 1964), 84.].

  1    .       .  ,   , ,   250     ,        ,  ,     , ,         .       ,    ,   ,     [623 - Klingaman, 1941, 44.].

  ,     ,         .      .           ,           ,   -     . , , , ,     .          ,                      .  ,     ,   ,      ,   ,    ,   .  ,       ,    ,    .    ,   1941     ,     .    1941   ,     .  .   ,      ,      ,     ,        ,     ,   ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,   ,  ,  ,  ,   ,      ,  ,     [624 - Klingaman, 1941, 48; Brian Gardner, Churchill in Power: As Seen by His Contemporaries (Boston, 1970), 96; Charles Eade, ed., Churchill by His Contemporaries (New York, 1954), 140; William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary (The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 19341941) (New York, 1941), 481.].

,   ,  ,       .    Wir fahren, wir fahren, wir fahren gegen Engeland ( , ,   ),       ,         ,  : Wir fahren, wir fahren, wir fahren, schon seit Jahren, mit langen weissen Haaren, gegen Engeland ( , , ;      ;      ,       ).   ,    : ,    ,   ,  .   .  ? :  . ,    ,   , ,      ,    ,  ,         , ,       100     ,      .      [625 - George F. Kennan, Memoirs: 19251950 (New York, 1967), 130; Klingaman, 1941, 18; Shirer, Berlin Diary, 44849, 459.].

   ,   ,          ,   ,  ,   .      ,           .    ,         ,    ,         .        ,     .                  ,     :   ,     ,         ,       ,   ,        .            :  ,     3     , , ,        .    ,   ,      .   ,   ,         ,       ,     . ,    ,       ,   ,      ,  ,   , , ,  ,        , ,        .    ,    ,    ,     [626 - C&R-TCC, 1:147; CAB 65/18 (to Halifax).].

           . ,  ,      (,   ,     , ,       ).  ,       ,      .    ,     ,     .      .           .  ,               ,       ,    .       ,    ,        .         ,      -        .  -     ,      ,  ,  ,     ,     ,        .      ,   ;  1941       ,             .        ( ,    5 ,    6);         48 .       .            [627 - Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes, 19391945 (London, 1972), 122 23,13940; Klingaman, 1941, 14.].

  -,       ,   ,         ;         .   Blitz soup,   ,   ,     .    ,    ,   .     .      ,    .       ,        [628 - Klingaman, 1941, 8990.].

        .      ;       ;     ;              .        ,     .   ,   .            ,     .  ,    ,    ,   ,       250  410    ;   ,    ,         .  ,   ,     :  20         [629 - Klingaman, 1941, 8990.].

  ,    ;   ,           [630 -  ,    ,     ,    ,    ,  9  1940        ,   . (. .)].

  , ,        ,     .   , ,   ,  ,        ,    .        .       ,       ,   ,       ,             ,    . ,   ,     ,     .       .     100   ,         ,    .  ,   ,   ?  ,     .      [631 -            .  24  1940    VI    .].

 ,   ,           ,          ,   ,     [632 - Klingaman, 1941, 90; GILBERT 6, 895; ChP 20/36.].



2  ,           29 ,     ,   .  ,   ,   ,    ,  .    ,     ,    ,       ,     .       ,    .             ,       ,    ,    - ,   .  ,       ,          ,          .  -    ,       .  , ,    ,   [633 - TWY, 13637.].

    ,         ,    -  .  -    ,      ,      .         ,      , ,   ,      .  ,   ,     ,        . ,   ,  ,    : ,   ,   ,    ,    .    ,  . ,   , ,    ,   .      ,    .    .      ,           .            ,   . ,     ,   Daily Worker,       21  1941 ,          .      ,        .          - ,   ,      [634 - Leonard Mosley, Battle of Britain (New York, 1980), 13637.].

   -  , ,           .     ,  ,        .        ,    .            1000   (  2012   55  ),     .        (     )       .      ,   ,           ,  , ,       .      ,   , , ,   .     ,      .   1941   ,   ,   [635 - TWY, 13637; ChP 20/36.].



     1940        1941    .   1941     -     .      ,   -   ,      1940   :   :          ,  ,      ,    .

    1941   7 .                . ,      ,    ,        , ,     ,   .        .       90  ;       .             1941 .            ,    ,        .     .                 .         50    10  ,    1941         -  .     ,      ,         .   1941    ,    ,       .       ,  ,     .    1941 ,            ,             .   1941         600   [636 - WSC 3, 4.].

      ,      ,  .      150       ,   100       .            .         ,   ,      .                   .         ,     :   ,         ,  ,      .  ,      ,    -       .

      .     500       , ,             , ,     ,      .        , ,     .   1940                 ,  ,   ,   ,    ,   ,    .     ,   500      20      .        . ,  ,   .       ,          .      ,     .        ,         .          , ,   .    ;    .    ;     .   ,      ,   ,   [637 - WSC 3, 4.].

 - , ,    ,   ,     ,                   .       ,   ,     ,       Β  .  ,       -  (, , ),              .     -    ,     - .  ,     ,   (  ,    )      . ,    ,                     ,    ,     [638 - William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York, 1960), 813, 816.].

         ,      .     ,  ,    - .    ,      ;              (  Β,   );     .    ,  ,  ,   ,    ,  ,        .            1941 ,  ,         - .    ,       .      .       -   .

    ,         ,                .  ,                     .       ,     .    .   ,    ;     ,    .       ,              .      ,    .             .   ,           .         .    ,        ,       , ,   [639 - WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Cv/3, 39, 973.].

          .          ,   ,      [640 - Colville, Fringes, 419.].

        ,   .  ,    ,      ,   .          ,    ,   ,    ,     . ,       ,    ,  ,    .      .   ,             .       ,    ,   . ,       .      ,  -   .       ,  , , , ,   .       ,         -,          .       ,          [641 - Cv/3, 43.].

       ,               ,    ,     .          ,        ,      , , ,        .  ,   ,     ,                 .         ,  ,            , -  -     .  , ,     ,       . .    ,   ,      .         ,         ,                .                    ,    ,    ,   ,         . ,   ,       .       ,     , ,         .      ,        ,        ,      [642 - Cv/3, 44; Eden, The Reckoning, 27072.].

   ,  ,         :   ,   ,      ,       .       ,   ,                     ,       -                  ,  .   -      ,    .        .      ,     .          ,    ,    ,     .           ,  ,  .  ,    ,          ,         [643 - Kennan, Memoirs; Cv/3, 44.].



  ,      ,  ,   ;      ,   ,   .       ,  -     ,      , ,             .      ,  ,    -. ,      ,         ,         .       ,    ,             -[644 - Cv/3, 165.].

       ,      4000- ,            .       ,     ,         ,  -   .     Razzle (),       ,         ,    .            ,     ,        --.    ,          ,   ,           ,  ,   ,    .    ,           ,     :     ,      , ,  .      :                  ?         .  ,     ,   ,           ,        .      .   ,     ,   ,       ,     [645 - Cv/3, 430; Colville, Fringes, 209 (Operation Razzle).].

  ,  ,          ,     :

,               ?       ,                       7 ?  ,  , ,     ,    .       ?..    ,    ,        [646 - Cv/3, 173.].

 ,   ,   ,          .                ,     ,      .    ,   ,    ,     ,  ,        ,   .      .  ,    ,   []    ,  [647 - Cv/3, 165.].

,      ,   ,    :   .    ,     ,   ,         .   .        ,    ,              ,        .    .  ,  ,   ,   :     ,          ,     .    .   ,    ,  .    , ,  , ,     .

   ,  ,    , ,  ,   ,  -  [648 - Margery Allingham, The Oaken Heart (London, 1991), 16989.].

      .      ,         .    40          -             .        ,   ,      .              , ,  ,   ,  ,       ,   . ,       ,       ,     .    ,    ,    1941       .   :               [649 - ChP 20/36; WM/Lord Butler, 1980; WM/Viscount Antony Head, 1980.].

             ,                  ,    .    ,    ,       ,      ,         ,  .        .          ,   .        ;    .      .                ,     ,      .     , ,       ,    ,    , ,  .     ,     ,      250           ,       ,     ,     1942 .      ,   ,    ,     .       ,         ,      [650 - Eden, The Reckoning, 2034.].

          :     ,      ,      , ,  , ,    ,           ,    .      [651 - C&R-TCC, 1:115.].

,   ,     1941   [652 -           -:                     ,  , 1-  ,     -     1704       . (. .)].

,   ,  ,      ,   ,     .      , ,   , ,     , ,   ,     .      , -,     , ,           , ,   ,    ,  ,     .     ,          .          .

      .      ,      .    ,      .      ;      ,   ,   ,  ,   , ,   ,   ,      ,   .     9   .        ,      ,    .   ,        ,  :   ?               , ,   ,     ,     [653 - Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York, 1948), 1, 14, 15, 234.].



   6 ,  ,      ,        ,     6 .             ,      :    -[654 - Waggon Hill   . (. .)],  6      .     ,   ,               - ,      ,      .     ,      , -.

  6  1900        .      ,  ,         .     ,       ,      ,  ;     ,           .     ,  ,  ,        [655 - Arthur Conan Doyle, The Great Boer War (Charlestown, SC, 2006); Colville, Fringes, 330; Cv/3, 29.].

 -   XIX    XIX .         .       .     .             , -  [656 -            17  1862     (  )    (  ).       .  -          31   12  1864             .           .   13  1854 .      18531856     ,            .].

 -      XX ,      ,   ,      ,            ,        .        ,      .        ,   ,  ,     ,  , ,   , ,    .

 ,     ,          ,              .      ,             ,         6 .  14:03        .      , , ,         ,    ,   ,   :          ,             ,        -.          ,    ,     .      ,          .  ,        .        ,           , ,   ,  .        ,      , ,      .  ,              ,       .       ,    ,      .       - , ,        ,   ,               ,             . ,     ,   ,         ,     ,   ,  ,         .     : , ,      .     ,                .         , , , .        [657 - Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, 1/6/41.].

  .      ,     .           .  ,         , , , ,         .  ,    1,15   ;  ,   200 ;         800   ,    -17   276            [658 - H.L. Mencken, The American Language, Supplement Two (New York, 1962), 78485 (derivation of Jeep).].

          :         .          .     ,          .  ,        ,        .          .       ,       - ,   . , , ,       ,     , ,  ,    ,     :

 ,    ,    ,      .

          .

         ,    ,   .

     ,          ,        ,   .

     ,               ,             -   ,   .

     . H   ,         .       .

      ,    .



    ,        .       .       .             . H   ,         廠  ,    .     ,            .

 ,          .  ,        .       ,   ,  ,      .    ,    ?    .         ,      .       , ,   ,       .       ,     : H   ,         .          .      ,     ,  ,  ,  [659 -        ;     ,    ;              .]   .

      .    Deutsche Aligemeine Zeitung        . Chicago Tribune     ,  ,    -      .      ,       ,       .

   .       -,    ,  9                    :       ,               ,       ,         ,           ,    ,     [660 - WSCHCS, 6328.].

    .         :    ,      ,      .  ,  ,       .  ,   ,     .       ,  -    .     ,   ,      , ,     .       ,     ,      ,    .     .               [661 - WSCHCS, 6328; Times, 1/10/41; David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 19381945 (New York, 1972), 342; Cv/2, 1268.].

           .      ,              ,     ,         ,  , , ,    .    ,  ,      .



          ,    ,      .  ,       ,    -      ,   . -         ,    .         ,    ,    .         (         )     .        ,          .  ,       ,         ,      .   ,       ,     .         .        ,   .      .

  -  ,     11 , , ,   , - ,  ,    ,   ,   ,    ,  .  -         ,    10 :     [-]          ,   ,    ,    [662 - Colville, Fringes, 332.].

  -         ,   ,      ,     ,          -,     .  ,           -    -       .   -,      ,  ,        . -   ,           ,    ,  ,  ,        , ,      ,  ,           [663 - John Rupert Colville, Footprints in Time (London, 1976), 153.].

 , ,  -,    ,   ,         ,   ,  ,            .     ,   ,   ,      .          ,     -         ,        ,    .

     .         ,   ,    ,     -          .         ,       ,     ,   .    ,         ,         .     .  1941          .  1930-      , ,   ,   [664 - James Conant, My Several Lives: Memoirs of a Social Inventor (Boston, 1970), 22931.].

      ,       ,    :   ,  ,     .    ,    ,  ,   ?        .     .         ,                [665 - Conant, My Several Lives, 231.].

  ,       ,       ,  ,     ,       ,        .    .      ,     .      ,         1940 ,    .



 ,      ,     ,     ,      .        .        ,     ,     ,  . ,        ,  ,      .

           ,   .     ,  ,            ,   .       ,     --   ,   .  ,       .  ,     ,      ,   , ,         ,       [666 - WM/Sir Robert Boothby, 10/16/80 (cool and yella).].

       ,      ,               .      , ,    ,  , ,   ,   .    ,    .   ,  .          ,   . ,    ,  ,      .             ,  ,    , ,   ,       .         ,       .  ,             ,   ,  - .     ,     .

  ,  ,         ,  ,     ,         . , ,           ,   ,       .    :       ,   ,       .   ,      .     :       .    .      ,      ,   , ,      [667 - TWY, 114; WSCHCS, 6529.].

  , ,   , ,      .   ,  ,    ,      .    ,  ,   ,      .         ,     .          ,           .   ,       .         ,      .        ,     1940      .  -    ,         .  ,          .   ,   ,     .   ,           ,      ,      [668 - TWY, 13637; Mosley, Battle of Britain; Cv/3, 825; Cv/2, 1314.].

        ;      7 ,           .   - (   ),     10 , ,   30-   (     )    , 4000-  (    1940 ).   ,   ,       ,    :       . ,         ,  ,  ,    .         ,       ;          .   :     ,     . ,   ; ,  .       ,   ,   .         ,            [669 - WSCHCC, 6451.].

      .        .  ,    ,       ,     ⻠  ,     ,      .       ,     .     7     ,     ,    [670 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 779; Cv/2, 1243.].



           100         ,          .            . ,      ,  ;         .  ,     ,  ,      .       ,    ,  ,        .      341   4          .       ,          [671 - Eade, Churchill, 141.].

 ,       (         ), ,  ,    ,         ;       ;     ,    ;          ; ,   ,    .           ,  ,  ,          ,          .  ,       [], ,     ,    , ,                    [672 - Colville, Fringes, 305.].

         , ,      ,    ,       , , . ,             , ,   .        , ,          . -    ,     ,          .            ,  ,   ,   .      ,            . ,   ,   ,        ,       .    ,    ;          ,   , -  -      .        ,  ,       .   ,   ,   [ ]   ,  ,     ,      ,    .  , ,       ,    ,  ,        ,       .      [673 - Walter H. Thompson, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 220; WSC 3, 5; Colville, Fringes, 341.].

               .      .    ,    ,     ,          .    ,    .              ,    .        .   ,      25   ,       ,      .      ,     -  , ,   ,     ,     .          ,           .    .         2 [674 -      1  = 28,349. (. .)] .       ;    ,            .

             30  ,       .    500     .       600   ,  2  . ,     ,     .   ,        [675 - Walter H. Thompson, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 220; WSC 3, 5; Colville, Fringes, 341.].

  1941 ,   ,    .     .        .    ,  ,       ;  ,   ,         .    - ,     ,        ,          , ,   ,      ,     .        ,    , , ,   . ,     ,      ,       .      ,   ,   ,    -[676 - WSC 3, 38.].

   :     ,   .     ,      .    ,       ,  -    ,    .     .          1940      ,      ,  , , ,   ,     .   1941          ,          3      .     .

    ,  , ,  ,     .    ,    ,        ?  - ,  , ,        .   .         ? ,     ,     ?  ,        ,     . (   .         Sonderfahndungsliste GB,     .   Einsatzgruppen   -          ,               .)[677 - Panter-Downes, War Notes, 134.]

    .   ,    ,      ,  ,    ,     [678 -  1933         200    ,       160  . . Clarke P. The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2008. P. 409. (. .)].

        ,      .  ,   ,       ,     ;       ,         Darkness at Noon ( ).    ,    .            .    ?        ,    ,     .      ,    ,      ,    ;     Sonderfahndungsliste GB.     .       ,            .            ;  ,    ,      [679 - Klingaman, 1941, 88.].



   ,    .           ,       ,   ,    .        .            150  ,   70    .      ,    ,        [680 -              ,     ,   .        1933  1938 .      .     .     ,         .     ,    . , ,      ,     .]    ,         ĸ             --200.

       220   ,     4400 ,     ,     ,        . ,  ,        ,    .   ,    .           320  ,  86    .      ,        ,    ,       .    ,     (      )    ,   ,      .   -   ,      ,  ,       ,     .       ,  .  1941     [681 - Klingaman, 1941, 127; Time, 3/14/41, 25; WSC 3, 112, 122.].

  ,   ĸ                     .     -       ,   ĸ     .       ,   , ,        ,     (   ): ? .    ,   [682 - Colville, Fringes, 358.].

     ,   .          .       ,        .          ,     :   .           ,     . ,   ,      .

        ,   .    ,      ,        .   42   ,    15- ,      Blohm & Voss     Wagner,   138       30 .           ,         .    1941       ;      .   ,          ,           ,              .      -        ,   ,       ,        ,       ,      .          ,          .        .    (, ,   )           ,      ,        [683 - Roger Chesneau, Conways All the Worlds Fighting Ships, 19221946 (London, 1980), 244; WSC 3, 122.].

              1941 .         ,    ,  .                   .                   ,      1940    .

 .     ,  .     ,    .   .          ,     ,   .            . ,   ,         .        1941 .

    ,  ,   :    -    ,   ,       -          ,           л.         -    ,     .              ,                 .       .            ,       .   ,      ,      [684 - Laurence Thompson, 1940 (New York, 1966), 23435; Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 19361945 Nemesis (New York, 2000), 334; WSC 3, 1213.].

      ,        ,   ,           ,     ,  , ,   .       ,      .       .         ,      ,        .        ,            ,         .     ,         .

          .  ,       ,          .      Mein Kampf,      .       ,            .      ,  ,     ,       .  ,           .   ,        Lebensraum,    ,    .     1940        ()               ( ),             ,    ,   ,    [685 - Shirer, Rise and Fall, 806; Kershaw, Hitler, 34244; Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, edited by John Chamberlain et al. (New York, 1939), 95961.].

                     . ,     ,       ,   ,   .      , ,             .         ,   .         .      ,  ,    ,   , ,   ,         .      .   ,  ,     , ,      .   1940               :   ,     [ ]              ,          .    ,  ,    , ,       .           ,   [686 - Shirer, Berlin Diary, 45965.].

    .   ,  ,   ,      , ,   .    ,      .         ,   .          .     .      ,     ,    ,  .      ,     ,   ,     .   .      .

 ,      ,               .    .



  ,    ,      ,     .              ,    ,     ,         .   ,    ,     ;     ,       .           ,      ,         ,         ,                           ,         .   ,   [687 - Colville, Fringes, 14849.].

     ,  - , ,   ,    (  ),        ,     ,  ,   ,       ,    ,  ,     .        .      ,     ,     ,  ,  ,      ,   .  ,       ,        ,     .  ,        ,     - , ,   ,        [688 - Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (London, 1985), 296.].

    .       ,    .     ,     -    .   1940            컠   ,     .   -  ,  - ,       ,    ,    (SOE  Special Operations Executive).       :    [689 - Colville, Fringes, 196; Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 36567.].

           ,  ,  ,     ,        .        .        ,    ;      -    .        ,    ,     ,   SOE  .    SOE,     SOE   (  )   .        .    .    ,  SOE  ,   . .. ,   ,         [690 - Pimlott, Hugh Dalton, 301.].

       ,  SOE,    , ,      ,  . ,         ,    ,     ,      -.       -[691 - Pimlott, Hugh Dalton, 312.].

 ,         ,     .          ,    .      ,        .        .      ,          ,  .        ,     .    ,    ,          :     .   .  .   SOE           ,     .     SOE      ,      (     ,    ).         ,   ,      .  SOE,          ,   ,   ,   ,   . , ,       SOE[692 - Martin Gilbert, The Second World War: A Complete History (London, 1989), 161.].

      ;      .   1941        ,    ,      V   . V    ,    ,       --,  ,      RAF ( - ),   V     .   .      Victorie ();   (     )  Vrijheid ();    Vryheid ();    Vitestvo ();    Vitezstoi ().  ,      ,    .        , ,  V     ,   .   ,   V  ,      :        ,  ,      .     (   )   --      :          .       ,  .  ,        ,   .                [693 - Klingaman, 1941, 47; NYT, 7/21/41.].

  , ,       ,                ,       .          ,    ,  -    .    , ,   ,      .  --                ,          V  , , , .             ,  ,     .       ,  ,     [694 - Colville, Fringes, 441.].



     1940 ,   ,   ,    ,     .  ,   -   ,    [695 -         ,   1776           ,            .].

     ,                .    ,        ,      .  ,   .     ,            ,            My Early Life (  ).  1939      Step by Step (  ),   ,    1930-     .        ,         .   1920-,     ,   - ,  ,    ,      ,    (,             ;       )[696 - Duff Cooper, Old Men Forget (London, 1954), 27071.].

        ,    ,    1923        Time.   1930- ,    ,    ,      .  1938     Saturday Evening Post       .  ,   ,   .     1941   ,    ,   ,    ,    ,        .  1941      ,     ,     ,    ,   (   )   .    :     ,        .

, ,    ,     ,     .    .      Breguet[697 -    ,   Breguet,  , , , -. (. .)]    黠    ,   ,      [698 -        Little Orphan Annie (  ).],     ,         ,   ,     .

      ,       .  1940        ,  ,      , , ,    ,     .          ,  .. . ,    ,     , , ,    .      ,   -,   -    .    ,    ,       [699 - WM/A.J.P. Taylor, 1980.].

 Time      1941   ,   ,    1940 . ,  , ,    ,  .         ,    ,  , ,  ,       :  []   ,  : ,  , ,       .    ,    .    ?   ?         -  ,    1939 ,  ,  ,    ,  .    ,           .       .    - :      ,         .      ,    ,     ,           .    ,               ,      [700 - Gardner, Churchill in Power, 108; Time, 1/6/41.].

       ,      .     9     ,      ,     .     ,     (Grosvenor Square),    ,     Claridges.         .           . ,   ,  ,      .     ,       .             .     ,  ,       .            , -  .    ,    ,  ,     ,     [701 - Colville, Fringes, 33133.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pol-reyd/uinston-spenser-cherchill-zaschitnik-korolevstva-vershina-politicheskoy-karery-1940-1965/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


       (19391945),      .      -. (. .)




2


WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.




3


John Wheeler-Bennett, Action This Day: Working with Churchill (London, 1968), 140; Cv/3, 267, 387; Kay Halle, Irrepressible Churchill: Stories, Sayings and Impressions of Sir Winston Churchill (London, 1985), 171.




4


   -, 10   10. (  ,    , . .)




5


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 5356; PFR/Winston S. Churchill, 5/04 (summer sunshine); GILBERT 6, 121415 (recollection of Elizabeth Layton).




6


  (18861968) , ,  ,     1935  1945 .   1940   1941             .    --. (. .)




7


John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 19391955 (New York, 1985), 406; Lord Moran, Churchill: Taken from the Diaries of Lord Moran (Boston, 1966), 451; Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 133; Cv/3, 1309, 1471 (Baldwinfamily); TWY, 307.




8


Mary Soames, Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage (New York, 2003), 383.




9


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 79, 140.




10


Queuetopia  , ,  .




11


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 434; WSCHCS, 7912; Winston Churchill, My Early Life: 18741904 (New York, 1996), 112.




12


Colville, Fringes, 17071; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 93.




13


Moran, Diaries, 265.




14


Anthony Montague Browne, Long Sunset (London, 1996), 118; Walter H. Thomp son, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 84.




15


Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 84; WM/Sir Robert Boothby, 10/16/80.




16


WM/G.M. Thompson, 10/24/80; Colville, Fringes, 217; WSC 6, 752.




17


WM/G.M. Thompson, 10/24/80.




18


WM/G.M. Thompson, 10/24/80; Colville, Fringes, 136, 14243, 231; E.L. Spears, Assignment to Catastrophe, 2 vols. (New York, 1955), 1:154; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




19


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 153; Colville, Fringes, 19596; WSC 6, 733 (foreign names were made for Englishmen).




20


Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York, 1948), 688. [ ..   :    . -  , 1958]




21


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 18283; WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80 (Johnnie Walker Red and daily routine); PFR/Winston S. Churchill, 3/04.




22


Colville, Fringes, 417; Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 24; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.




23


Colville, Fringes, 319; Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman, eds., Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke: War Diaries 19391945 (Berkeley, 2003), 637.




24


 Webley ()    1870-    Webley & Son Company.  1887  1963      .




25


     1919         18-       .          .      ,        ,     .    1933    21-    .




26


Martin Gilbert, Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (New York, 1984), 4244; WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80; NYT, 5/5/09; Warren Kimball, Finest Hour, spring 2007, 3133.




27


WM/Oscar Nemon, 1980.




28


WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; Colville, Fringes, 16365.




29


WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 179; WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80; Moran, Diaries, 360.




30


John H. Peck, The Working Day, Atlantic Monthly, 3/65.




31


   (19351943),  -   (19431945),         30   23  1945 .




32


-  ,            .       -           ,      .




33


       , , -.




34


F.H. Hinsley et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War, 5 vols. (London, 1979).




35


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 20, 23.




36


Colville, Fringes, 130.




37


Tom Hickman, Churchills Bodyguard (London, 2005), 130; Colville, Fringes, 223.




38


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.




39


WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 185.




40


PFR/Lady Mary Soames, letter of 9/3/07; Moran, Diaries, 100; Colville, Fringes, 416.




41


WM/William Deakin, 1980; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 178.




42


Colville, Fringes, 416; Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 263.




43


Colville, Fringes, 481; Moran, Diaries, 111, 604; WM/Pamela Harriman (wolly gogs), 8/22/80; Browne, Long Sunset, 22021 (Sinatra).




44


     ,     .  ,   ,        XVIII .      -           .




45


WSCHCS, 6307.




46


Moran, Diaries, 604; Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (New York, 1991), 204.




47


R. V. Jones, The Wizard War (New York, 1978), 106.




48


Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 345, 346; Moran, Diaries, 444.




49


H. Chartres Biron ed., Sir, Said Dr. Johnson (London, 1911), 112, 213.




50


Biron, Sir, 216; Colville, Fringes, 341; W&C-TPL, 111, 213.




51


WSC 5, 704; Anthony Montague Browne, speech to Churchill Society; Roy Jenkins, Churchill: A Biography (London, 2011), 702n; Colville, Fringes, 239, 578; Moran, Diaries, 781.




52


Colville, Fringes, 482; Richard Langworth, ed., Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations (London, 2008), 463.




53


Randolph S. Churchill, Winston S. Churchill: Youth, 18741900 (Boston, 1996), 208.




54


GILBERT 7, 348; Colville, Fringes, 526; Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 69091.




55


WSCHCS, 5818.




56


       ,    ,  :    ;   ;   ;    .   ( , 24  1941 ).         ,        . (. .)




57


WM/Viscount Antony Head, 1980.




58


     ,        (     ),   ().      ,          .     ,     : ,   .    ,     ,    ,    .




59


H.H. Asquith, Letters to Venetia Stanley, edited by Michael Brock and Eleanor Brock (Oxford, 1982), 267; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.




60


Violet Bonham Carter, Winston Churchill: An Intimate Portrait (New York, 1965), 4; WSCHCS, 6250, 6264.




61


    .




62


Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 729; WSC 4, 79697.




63


Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, 241.




64


    .         ,       .  1822    ,     ,     .      1846      .          -,    Savile,    .           .      ,   .   1900      300 .       VII,  II,  III, ,    .            ,        .




65


Colville, Fringes, 158; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.




66


Moran, Diaries, 158; WSC 6, 115; Halle, Irrepressible Churchill, 257.




67


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; Browne, Long Sunset, 114.




68


M. GILBERT 7, 1322 (This wicked man); WSCHCS, 6277; Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 137.




69


WM/William Deakin, 1980; WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980.




70


            ,       .        .           .            .        :     ,   .     :       ,      .




71


,  , 1-        , , ,   .    .               - .




72


,           .




73


WM/William Deakin, 1980; WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980.




74


        ,      ,      .             ,     .        1945 .




75


WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980; GILBERT 6, 1156; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 183; Daily Telegraph, 3/18/09.




76


WM/Jane (Portal) Williams, 1980; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 285.




77


WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80.




78


   .




79


    .




80


Vincent Sheean, Between the Thunder and the Sun (New York, 1943), 260; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 14647.




81


WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.




82


-    .     1895 .       ,    ,      The Royal Small Arms Factory (   ).

  ()    ,      .




83


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 139.




84


Anthony Storr, Churchills Black Dog, Kafkas Mice, and Other Phenomena of the Human Mind (New York, 1973), 5, 27, 4950.




85


W&C-TPL, 53; Moran, Diaries, 179.




86


Moran, Diaries, 112; PFR/Dr. Ron Pies (clinical psychiatrist, professor, Tufts University School of Medicine), 2007; PFR/Dr. David Armitage (Col. U.S. Army, ret.), 2007; Dr. Michael First (editor, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev. [DSM-IV-TR], lead author, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR [SCID], electronic and telephone communications, 3/07, 10/08; Browne, Long Sunset, 119.




87


Hastings Lionel Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (London, 1960), 155; Colville, Fringes, 215.




88


      .




89


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 578; Moran, Diaries, 827; Langworth, Churchill by Himself, 58.




90


  16-   3500 .    16-    3754 .




91


John Keegan, The Mask of Command (New York, 1987), 23638.




92


David Rising Hitlers Final Days Described by Bodyguard, AP, 4/24/05.




93


Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 33536.




94


David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 19381945 (New York, 1972), 267.




95


Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes, 19391945 (London, 1972), 62.




96


Dilks, Diaries, 267, 272, 283; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




97


 ,    , , , ,    .




98


Clare Boothe, Europe in the Spring (New York, 1941), 127.




99


 (.).




100


WSC 1, 55859.




101


Vincent Sheean, Thunder, 83.




102


General Andre Beaufre, Le Drame de 1940 (Paris, 1965).




103


Charles de Gaulle, Lettres, Notes et Carnets, vol. 2: 1942 May 1958 (Paris, 1980), 486.




104


      ,        1666 .   87          51,      .     .     : Se monumentum requires, circumspice       .




105


-  黠  -,   ,   .     1939    .




106


BBC broadcast, 3/30/40; WSCHCS, 6201.




107


Colville, Fringes, 2526.




108


          ,    ,         ,   .          .




109


William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary (The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 19341941) (New York, 1941), 32930.




110


Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, edited by John Chamberlain et al. (New York, 1939), 766.




111


 ,    , ,        .           Sequoia,      . (. .)




112


Rene de Chambrun, I Saw France Fall (New York, 1940), 5455.




113


De Chambrun, France, 5455.




114


Alphonse Goutard, 1940: La Guerre des Occasions Perdues (Paris, 1956), 131; Boothe, Europe, 1941.




115


Poilu   ()   -    .




116


William Bullitt, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 1: 19451950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment (Washington, DC, n.d.), 469.




117


WSC 1, 454.




118


F.W. Winterbotham, The Ultra Secret (New York, 1974), 50.




119


GILBERT 6, 305.




120


Len Deighton, Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk (New York, 1979), 191.




121


General Maurice Gustav Gamelin, Servir, 3 vols. (Paris, 1947), 3:389.




122


Boothe, Europe, 24142.




123


Adolf Heusinger, Befehl im Widerstreit: Schicksalsstunden der deutschen Armee 19231945 (Tubingen, 1950), 88.




124


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 5657.




125


Dilks, Diaries, 277.




126


GILBERT 6, 313; John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 19391955 (New York, 1985), 12122.




127


John W. Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI: His Life and Reign, 18651936 (New York, 1958), 443; GILBERT 6, 307, 317.




128


WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80.




129


W&C-TPL, 412; Ernst Hanfstaengl, Hitler: The Missing Years (London, 1957), 19396.




130


WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80; Brian Roberts, Randolph: A Study of Churchills Son (London, 1984), 181.




131


Colville, Fringes, 256.




132


Lord Moran, Churchill: Taken from the Diaries of Lord Moran (Boston, 1966), 5.




133


Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes, 19391945 (London, 1972), 61.




134


Colville, Fringes, 736.




135


WSC 1, 475.




136


Brian Gardner, Churchill in Power: As Seen by His Contemporaries (Boston, 1970), 6; Colville, Fringes, 12122; Max Plowman, Bridge into the Future: Letters of Max Plowman (London, 1944), 710.




137


John Wheeler-Bennett, Action This Day: Working with Churchill (London, 1968), 48; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




138


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 5153; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; WSC 2, 17.




139


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 161, 19597; Colville, Fringes, 289, 436.




140


Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 19396; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.




141


John Rupert Colville, Footprints in Time (London, 1976), 7576; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 147; Ian Jacob, His Finest Hour, Atlantic Monthly, 3/65.




142


WSC 2, 28; GILBERT 6, 325; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80; Virginia Cowles, Winston Churchill: The Era and the Man (New York, 1953), 317.




143


TWY, 85, 99; Hansard 5/13/40 (WSC statement to House).




144


Arthur Bryant, The Turn of the Tide: A History of the War Years Based on the Diaries of Field-Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, 19391943 (New York, 1957), 21.




145


 ,   XVIII ,  1964      .         ,      - (  ).    .




146


WSCHCS, 6232; Henry Pelling, Winston Churchill (Conshohocken, PA, 1999), 437; WSC 2, 1011; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 49.




147


Colville, Fringes, 196.




148


GILBERT 6, 32829; WSC 2, 13.




149


Laurence Thompson, 1940 (New York, 1966), 94.




150


GILBERT 6, 342; C&R-TCC, 1:38.




151


Thompson, 1940, 118.




152


CAB 65/7.




153


General C. Gransard, Le 10e Corps darmee dans la bataille (Paris, 1949), 141.




154


William L. Shirer, The Collapse of the Third Republic (New York, 1969), 664; Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle (New York, 1964), 39.




155


Alistair Horne, Seven Ages of Paris (New York, 2002), 381402.




156


WSC 2, 42.




157


Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Flight from Arras (New York, 1942), 11633 passim.




158


WSC 2, 43; de Saint-Exupery, Flight, 120.




159


Hastings Lionel Ismay, The Memoirs of General Lord Ismay (London, 1960), 127; Horne, Seven Ages, 381; Vincent Sheean, Between the Thunder and the Sun (New York, 1943), 142.




160


Ismay, Memoirs, 128.




161


WSC 2, 47.




162


Paul Reynaud, In the Thick of the Fight (New York, 1940), 32324.




163


WSC 2, 4243; de Saint-Exupery, Flight, 120.




164


Len Deighton, Fighter (New York, 1977), 58; Ismay, Memoirs, 128.




165


Ismay, Memoirs, 12829.




166


GILBERT 6, 334, 358; Colville, Fringes, 135.




167


John Rupert Colville, Man of Valour: The Life of Field Marshal the Viscount Gort (London, 1972), 204; Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon, The Reckoning: The Memoirs of Anthony Eden (New York, 1965), 106.




168


WSCHCS, 622223.




169


Jones, Diary, 460; W.M. James, The Portsmouth Letters (London, 1946), 15.




170


- (Fleet Street)    .       .       .  XVI   -       ,     .          ,  -      .




171


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 67.




172


William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary (The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 19341941) (New York, 1941), 43738.




173


WSC 2, 56; General Maurice Gustav Gamelin, Servir, 3 vols. (Paris, 1947), 3:417.




174


     -  512  1914         ,    .          ,            .




175


WSCHCS, 6232.




176


Roderick Macleod, ed., Time Unguarded: The Ironside Diaries, 19371940 (London, 1974), 327; Premier (Prime Minister) Papers, Public Record Office, Kew, 3/188/3, folio 18; WSC 1, 375.




177


Ismay, Memoirs, 131; Colville, Fringes, 13738.




178


    ,   ,    .




179


WSC 2, 6465; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 328.




180


William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York, 1960), 728.




181


Colville, Fringes, 139; GILBERT 6, 385.




182


Colville, Fringes, 139; GILBERT 6, 385; WSC 2, 6970.




183


    ,     . (. .)




184


M.E. L. Spears, Assignment to Catastrophe, 2 vols. (New York, 1955), 2:12021.




185


L.F. Ellis, The War in France and Flanders 19391940 (London, 1953), 368; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 33132.




186


Ellis, France and Flanders, 208, 389.




187


Len Deighton, Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk (New York, 1979), 265.




188


B.H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War (New York, 1971), 77; David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 19381945 (New York, 1972), 289 90; CAB 65/7; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 332; WSC 1, 393.




189


Spears, Assignment, 2: 202, 23637; WSC 1, 389; Bryant, Tide, 90; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 321.




190


Spears, Assignment, 2: 202, 23637; WSC 1, 389; Bryant, Tide, 90; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 321.




191


Time, 1/23/41, 23; Roger Keyes, Outrageous Fortune: The Tragedy of King Leopold of the Belgians 19011941 (London, 1984), 30810, 396.




192


CAB 65/13.




193


Dilks, Diaries, 290; ChP 80/11.




194


Dilks, Diaries, 291.




195


WSC 2, 99.




196


Thompson, 1940, 13738.




197


-    , , ,   .     .     ,  .  ,      .  1948          .                .




198


            ,     .




199


NYT, 5/30/40; TWY, 91; Thompson, 1940, 13334, 139.




200


Ellis, France and Flanders, 368.




201


Ellis, France and Flanders, 16269; Macleod, Time Unguarded; WSC 2, 82; Ismay, Memoirs, 133.




202


Bryant, Tide, 1012 passim.




203


Ellis, France and Flanders, 326.




204


Ellis, France and Flanders, 182; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 340; WSCHCS, 6225.




205


Macleod, Time Unguarded, 333ff.; Ismay, Memoirs, 134.




206


      . (. .)




207


WSC 2, 100; Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 33536.




208


WSC 2, 100; Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 33536.




209


WSC 2, 101.




210







211


Thompson, 1940, 13336.




212


Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman, eds., Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke: War Diaries 19391945 (Berkeley, 2003), 72.




213


WSC 2, 428; War Office papers 106/1708; John Spencer Churchill, Crowded Canvas (London, 1961), 16263; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80; Jacob, Finest, 3/65.




214


Macleod, Time Unguarded, 354; Harold Macmillan, The Blast of War: 19391945 (New York, 1967), 81.




215


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 6366.




216


WSCHCS, 6230.




217


Colville, Fringes, 14748; News Chronicle 6/5/40; TWY, 93; Gardner, Churchill in Power, 55.




218


WSCHCS, 6228.




219


George Bilainkin, Diary of a Diplomatic Correspondent (London, 1942), 102.




220


Chief sources for the last three meetings of the council (Paris, Briare, Tours): Spears, Assignment; de Gaulle, War Memoirs; Ismay, Memoirs; S. Petrie et al., The Private Diaries of Paul Baudouin (London, 1948).




221


Spears, Assignment, 1:29394.




222


  ,    ,      1935 .




223


Ismay, Memoirs, 134.




224


Spears, Assignment, 1:295.




225


Spears, Assignment, 1:295.




226


Spears, Assignment, 1:295; Petrie, Diaries, 5354.




227


Spears, Assignment, 1:31415.




228


Spears, Assignment, 1:316, 2:113.




229







230


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 68; Colville, Fringes, 15153.




231


- (Hawker Hurricane)       ,   Hawker Aircraft Ltd. 1934 .   14 533 . 30  1941            200   .         . 28  1941        24 ,     HMS Argus.      15 ,       .       .           .       ,        ,    ,    .




232


Spears, Assignment, 2:13839; Ismay, Memoirs, 139.




233


Spears, Assignment, 2:14144; Eden, Reckoning, 133. The French minutes of the Briare meeting are given textually in Paul Reynaud, Au Coeur de la melee, 19391945 (Paris, 1951), 82324.




234


Spears, Assignment, 2:14547; Eden, Reckoning, 115.




235


Spears, Assignment, 2:149ff.




236


Reynaud, Au Coeur.




237


Ismay, Memoirs, 140.




238


Ismay, Memoirs, 14041.




239


Ismay, Memoirs, 14041.




240


,   ,   . ,      (Histoire de laviation militaire fran?aise, , 1980),    . ,     ,            1940 .  1500   ,     ,     1500   . (. .)




241


Les Evenements survenus en France de 1933 a 1945, 2:343; Horne, Seven Ages, 546n; Shirer, Collapse, 618; Histoire de l Aviation Militaire Francaise (Paris, 1980), 37980; Deighton, Blitzkrieg, 26970.




242


WSC 2, 15657; Ismay, Memoirs, 14243.




243


Spears, Assignment, 2:163.




244


Ismay, Memoirs, 141.




245


WSC 2, 158; Walter H. Thompson, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 194.




246


CAB 99/3; Colville, Fringes, 15254.




247


Earl of Birkenhead, Life of Lord Halifax (London, 1965), 459; Dilks, Diaries, 297; Ismay, Memoirs, 14344.




248


  ,      ,       .




249


Eleanor M. Gates, End of the Affair: The Collapse of the Anglo-French Alliance, 193940 (Berkeley, 1981), 250; Gordon Wright, Ambassador Bullitt and the Fall of France, World Politics 10, no. 1, 87.




250


Horne, Seven Ages, 573.




251


Spears, Assignment, 2:21013.




252


James Leasor, War at the Top (London, 1959), 91; Colville, Fringes, 152.




253


Spears, Assignment, 2:21820.




254


Colville, Fringes, 155; C&R-TCC, 1:48.




255


Spears, Assignment, 2:29293; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; Colville, Fringes, 161.




256


Spears, Assignment, 2:29293; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80; Colville, Fringes, 161.




257


L.B. Namier, Europe in Decay (London, 1950), 93; Spears, Assignment, 2:304, 31011.




258


Spears, Assignment, 2:31923; WSC 2, 218.




259


J.A. Cross, Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography (London, 1977), 33940.




260


Michael Bloch, The Duke of Windsors War: From Europe to the Bahamas, 19391945 (New York, 1983).




261


Colville, Fringes, 184.




262


ChP 20/9; C&R-TCC, 1:53.




263


ChP 20/49; WSC 1, 1091.




264


Colville, Fringes, 166.




265


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 72.




266


De Gaulle, War Memoirs, 76.




267


WSC 2, 230; Eden, Reckoning, 155.




268


William Bullitt, Foreign Relations of the United States, vol. 2: The Intelligence Community 19501955 (Washington, DC, n.d.), 46566.




269


WSCHCS, 6241.




270


WSC 2, 231.




271


Colville, Fringes, 17172; WSC 2, 233; Warren Tute, The Deadly Stroke, introduction by John Colville (New York, 1973), 21 28.




272


Tute, Deadly Stroke, 7387.




273


Tute, Deadly Stroke, 11214; WSC 2, 234.




274


          ,       .     . 24  1941                  380-    .       1421.




275


For a thorough discussion of the British attack on the French fleet at Mers-el-Kebir, see chap. 5of Arthur Marders From the Dardanelles to Oran (London, 1974).




276


Tute, Deadly Stroke, 148.




277


Tute, Deadly Stroke, 15262.




278


Thompson, 1940; WSCHCS, 6246.




279


Tute, Deadly Stroke, 17; Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (London, 1985), 348; TWY, 100.




280


Tute, Deadly Stroke, 17; Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (London, 1985), 348; TWY, 100.




281


Tute, Deadly Stroke, 17.




282


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 813.




283


     .      ,                      .




284


CAB 65/9.




285


Cv/2, 259; WSCHCS, 6287.




286


   ,    ZB-26.  Bren   1931 .     1938      .            (Brno)   (Enfield),     .       8  1938 .




287


GILBERT 6, 372, 392; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 369; Hermann Lons, Ein Soldatisches Vermachtnis (1939), 85; Richard Gerlach, Das Beste von Hermann Lons (Hanover, 1980), 16.




288


WSCHCS, 6230.




289


         ,   1940    ,     ,      -             .     ,   .    ,                  .




290


Cv/2, 429.




291


Hansard 6/18/40; WSCHCS, 6238.




292


Deighton, Fighter, 8.




293


C&R-TCC, 1:40, 49; Cv/2, 261; Bryant, Tide, 151.




294


C&R-TCC, 1:40, 49; Cv/2, 261; Bryant, Tide, 151.




295


Thompson, 1940, 149; WSC 1, 59899, 695; Premier (Prime Minister) Papers, Public Record Office, Kew, 4/100/3; Birkenhead, Halifax, 458, and Llewellyn Woodward, British Foreign Policy in the Second World War (London, 1962), 53; Williamson Murray, Luftwaffe (Baltimore, 1985), 43.




296


Duff Cooper, Old Men Forget (London, 1954), 267; Jones, Diary, 465; Lloyd George, Sunday Pictorial, 7/28/40; Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI, 456.




297


,   Cato,      ,     . (. .)




298


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 8386; Jones, Diary, 46566.




299


Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI, 456.




300


Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI, 456.




301


    .




302


Gardner, Churchill in Power, 6566.




303


 -     ,          . ,   ,            . -   ,     , ,        ,       ,   .          -:  ,       ,    .




304


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 71, 91, 97, 11011.




305


Colville, Fringes, 195.




306


Cv/2, 41718.




307


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 798.




308


WSC 2, 286.




309


WSCHCS, 6495.




310


WSCHCS, 6234.




311


WSC 2, 28284.




312


Colville, Fringes, 17881, 182.




313


TWY, 97; Ismay, Memoirs, 153; Jones, Diary, 46768.




314


WSCHCS, 6775.




315


Mary Soames, Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage (New York, 2003), 408; TWY, 100.




316


TWY, 90.




317


TWY, 89, 90, 93; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80.




318


Macleod, Time Unguarded, 369.




319


      ,     XIX  XX .   ,        .        .                    -         .




320


GILBERT 6, 478; Gardner, Churchill in Power, 68; Panter-Downes, War Notes, 66; Hansard 6/4/40; A.J.P. Taylor, English History, 191445 (Oxford, 1978).




321


Colville, Fringes, 182; Cv/3, 445 (mustard gas).




322


Thompson, 1940, 145.




323


TWY, 101, 103.




324


WSC 2, 298; Macleod, Time Unguarded, 383; Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 94.




325


Colville, Fringes, 1023.




326


WSCHCS, 6248.




327


WSCHCS, 6250.




328


Documents on German Foreign Policy 19181945, vol. 10: The War Years, June 23 August 23, 1940 (Washington, DC, 1957), 81; Charles Burdick and Hans-Adolf Jacobsen, eds., The Halder War Diary, 19391942 (New York, 1988), 7/22/40; Fuhrers Conferences on Naval Affairs, 7173; Die Weiterfuhrung des Krieges gegen England, IM T, TWMC, vol. 28, 3013.




329


    1939 ,       .    -,       .




330


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 754.




331


Colville, Fringes, 200; Leonard Mosley, Battle of Britain (New York, 1980), 26; WSC 2, 260.




332


Hugh Gibson, ed., The Ciano Diaries, 19391943 (New York, 1946), 27778.




333


Deighton, Fighter, 272; Liddell Hart, History, 87.




334


Klaus A. Maier et al., Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1988), 2:3, 7879.




335


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 752.




336


     -     .




337


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 752.




338


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 76263.




339


William L. Shirer, Aufstieg und Fall des Dritten Reiches (Cologne, 2000), 815.




340


    .    ,                .

     .  ,        ,         ,     .         .

   ,    .    .




341


William L. Shirer, Aufstieg und Fall des Dritten Reiches (Cologne, 2000), 815.




342


Deighton, Fighter, xiv  xv; Hansard 11/10/32; WM/Sir Ian Jacob, 11/12/80.




343


Deighton, Fighter, xviii, 57.




344


Mosley, Battle of Britain, 50.




345


Mosley, Battle of Britain, 54; Telford Taylor, The Breaking Wave: The Second World War in the Summer of 1940 (New York, 1967), 87; John Keegan, ed., Collins Atlas of World War II (New York, 2006), 3839.




346


   Luftflotten,   .       ,    ,     ,    .       .




347


   ( )    ,     .      ,     . ,     ,    .           ,      ,   .




348


BA/MA RL 211/27, Allgemeine Weisung fur den Kampf der Luftwaffe gegen England, OBDL, Fuhrungsstab, IaNr 5835/40, 3 0.6.40; Murray Williamson, The Battle of Britain: How Did The Few Win? Military History Quarterly 2, no. 2 (summer 1990).




349


,       ,     .




350


WSC 2, 323.




351


Colville, Fringes, 213.




352


Liddell Hart, History, 93.




353


Liddell Hart, History, 93.




354


Colville, Fringes, 194.




355


Hansard 11/11/42; WSCHCS, 6707; Shirer, Berlin Diary, 46768.




356


Deighton, Fighter, xvii, 218; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 91; A.J.P. Taylor, Beaverbrook (London, 1972), 42230.




357


Colville, Fringes, 217; Taylor, Beaverbrook, 430.




358


Murray, Luftwaffe.




359


Deighton, Fighter, 217.




360


Deighton, Fighter, 187.




361


Len Deighton, Unternehmen Adler. Die Luftschlacht um England, 26465.




362


R.V. Jones, The Wizard War (New York, 1978); F.H. Hinsley et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War, 5 vols. (London, 1979), 1:17677; Ronald Lewin, Ultra Goes to War (New York, 1978); Brian Johnson, The Secret War (London, 1978); Harold Deutsch, Ultra and the Air War in Europe and Africa, in Air Power and Warfare, Proceedings of the Eighth Military History Symposium, USAF Academy, edited by Colonel Alfred F. Hurley and Major Robert C. Ehrhart (Washington, DC, 1979), 16566; Maier, Das Deutsche Reich, 2:384; Aileen Clayton, The Enemy Is Listening (New York, 1978).




363


Sheean, Thunder, 201.




364


Sheean, Thunder, 199.




365


Sheean, Thunder, 2012.




366


Colville, Fringes, 236.




367


Collier, Defence of the United Kingdom (London, 2009), 18990, 450; Helmuth Greiner, Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (the OKW war diary) 8/15/40; Denis Richards, Royal Air Force, 19391945, vol. 1: The Fight at Odds (London, 1953), chaps. 6and 7.




368


Helmuth Greiner, Die Oberste Wehrmacht/Weltkrieg 19391945 (Stuttgart, 1954); Ismay, Memoirs, 188.




369


WSCHCS, 626566.




370


Edward Bishop, The Battle of Britain (London, 1960), 142, 149; Helmuth Greiner, OKW, 8/19/40.




371


Richards, Royal A ir Force, 1:178.




372


Deight on, Fighter, 219.




373


Colville, Fringes, 23436.




374


Collier, Defence, 2067, 210; Bishop, Battle of Britain, 16669; Alexander McKee, Strike from the Sky: The Battle of Britain Story (Boston, 1960), 197209; Derek Wood and Derek Dempster, The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the Rise of Air Power 19301949 (London, 1961), 31625.




375


Colville, Fringes, 23637.




376


Colville, Fringes, 23637.




377


Deighton, Fighter, 248; Collier, Defence, 205; Wood and Dempster, Narrow Margin, 33233; WSC 2, 33132.




378


Wood and Dempster, Narrow Margin, 304.




379


Taylor, Breaking Wave, 151; H.R. Trevor-Roper, ed., Hitlers War Directives 19391945 (London, 1964), 38.




380


Helmuth Greiner, Die Oberste Wehrmachtfuhrung, 19391943 (Wiesbaden, 1951), 8/29/40, 8/31/40; Cv/2, 555.




381


Colville, Fringes, 230.




382


Shirer, Berlin Diary, 8/26/40.




383


Frankfurter Zeitung, 8/29/40 and 8/30/40.




384


    ,     ,     -.




385


OKW, 8/24/40; Facts in Review 2, no. 22 (5/27/40): 217.




386


Adolph Galland, The First and the Last (New York, 1954), 4041.




387


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 777.




388


Frankfurter Zeitung, 9/5/40.




389


Gibson, Ciano Diaries, 290.




390


        ,        (  , M-5,   ,   )  .




391


WSC 2, 229.




392


CAB, 79/6. The chiefs signing the order were Ismay, Pound, Dill, and Peirse, vice chief of the Air Staff.




393


McKee, Strike, 125.




394


Collier, Defence, 13540; Wood and Dempster, Narrow Margin, 33439; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 120.




395


GILBERT 6, 77374; WSC 2, 312.




396


GILBERT 6, 774.




397


Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 105.




398


Cv/2, 703.




399


C&R-TCC, 1:5667; GILBERT 6, 25.




400


C&R-TCC, 1:5667.




401


Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York, 1948), 1980; Cv/2, 255; Dilks, Diaries, 32223.




402


Cv/2, 255 (letter to Mackenzie King); C&R-TCC, 1:69.




403


Cv/2, 255 (letter to Mackenzie King); C&R-TCC, 1:69.




404


WSCHCS, 6266.




405


GILBERT 6, 756; WSC 2, 297.




406


WM/Sir Robert Boothby, 10/16/80.




407


Cv/2, 655; Cv/2, 748; Collier, War in the Desert, 1819.




408


GILBERT 6, 756.




409


Greiner, OKW, 9/13/40.




410


Greiner, OKW, 8/30/40.




411


WSC 2, 337; Deighton, Fighter, 262.




412


Taylor, Breaking Wave, 165; Seekriegsleitung Kriegstagebuch, War Diary of the German Naval War Staff, Part D, Lufttage, for September 16 and 18, 1940.




413


WSC 2, 240.




414


F.H.W. Sheppard, London: A History (Oxford, 1998); David Johnson, The London Blitz (New York, 1981), 33; WSC 2, 342.




415


Cv/2, 78889 (Ismay recollection); Thompson, 1940, 211; Cv/2, 789.




416


Colville, Fringes, 192.




417


WSC 2, 343; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 143.




418


TWY, 111; Mosley, Battle of Britain, 145.




419


   ,   ,     , , ,  ,             ,     .




420


William K. Klingaman, 1941: Our Lives in a World on the Edge (New York, 1989), 3, 7, 12.




421


Klingaman, 1941, 67; WSC 2, 360.




422


Bertrand Russell, Which Way to Peace? (London, 1936), quoted in Sheppard, London, 262; Colville, Fringes, 263.




423


WSCHCS, 6277.




424


WSCHCS, 6276.




425


BBC address, 9/11/40.




426


      ,    ,        .




427


Johnson, London Blitz, 39.




428


Jones, Wizard War, 9697.




429


WSC 2, 38485; Jones, Wizard War, 1012.




430


Jones, Wizard War, 102.




431


WSC 2, 385; Tom Shachtman, Terrors and Marvels: How Science and Technology Changed the Character and Outcome of World War II (New York, 2002); see chap. 5 (Battles Above Britain) for overview.




432


WSC 2, 385; Tom Shachtman, Terrors and Marvels: How Science and Technology Changed the Character and Outcome of World War II (New York, 2002); see chap. 5 (Battles Above Britain) for overview.




433


WSC 2, 38384; Jones, Wizard War, 102.




434


  ,   ,      1910 ,    ,    ,    .




435


Sheppard, London, 333.




436


Philip Ziegler, London at War (New York, 1995), 175.




437


WSC 2, 343.




438


WSC 2, 343.




439


Mosley, Battle of Britain, 138.




440


Kay Halle, Irrepressible Churchill: Stories, Sayings and Impressions of Sir Winston Churchill (London, 1985), 168.




441


Klingaman, 1941, 16.




442


TWY, 11516.




443


WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80; Soames, Clementine, 379.




444


Colville, Fringes, 24041; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 206.




445


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




446


WM/Lady Mary Soames, 10/27/80; Soames, Clementine, 38486.




447


WSC 2, 375.




448


Thompson, 1940, 213.




449


Thompson, 1940, 222.




450


Mosley, Battle of Britain, 3637.




451


WM/Viscount Antony Head, 8/6/80.




452


Time, 10/3/43; Time, 2/1/43; Mark Mayo Boatner, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II (New York, 1999), 8. See also Modern Law Review 5, no. 3/4 (July 1942):16273; Tim Pat Coogan, The IRA (London, 1971), 58.




453


Time, 9/23/40; Cv/2, 440, 446, 764; Colville, Fringes, 173; WSC 5, 680.




454


TWY, 114.




455


Mosley, Battle of Britain, 139.




456


TWY, 11516.




457


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Colville, Fringes, 245.




458


Colville, Fringes, 249.




459


Oxford Companion to World War II, edited by I.C.B. Dear (Oxford, 1995), 179, 331.




460


Martin Gilbert, The Second World War: A Complete History (London, 1989), 132.




461


TWY, 121.




462


CAB 120/300.




463


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 778; Gilbert, Second World War, 128.




464


WSC 2, 584, 586.




465


WSC 2, 581.




466


Colville, Fringes, 214.




467


   (Windmill)     ,               II.  1930-    ,            (    )    ,   ,   .       ,    ,   ,      .    ,   .              .          .            : Heart of the City (1945), Mystery at the Burlesque (1949), Secrets of a Windmill Girl (1966)  Mrs. Henderson Presents (2005).




468


    .




469


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 110; Klingaman, 1941, 9.




470


Thompson, 1940, 220; Sheean, Thunder, 22425.




471


Sheean, Thunder, 22425; Panter-Downes, War Notes, 137.




472


WSCHCS, 6287.




473


Winston Churchill, My Early Life: 18741904 (New York, 1996), 62.




474


GILBERT 6, 80810.




475


Joseph P. Kennedy, Boston Globe interview, 11/10/40; Victor Lasky, JFK: The Man and the Myth (New York, 1963), 58.




476


Colville, Fringes, 262, 275.




477


GILBERT 6, 816; C&R-TCC, 1:74.




478


WSCHCS, 6297.




479


WSCHCS, 6297.




480


WSCHCS, 6298; Conrad Black, Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom (Washington, DC, 2003), 595.




481


Cv/2, 979, 985; Colville, Fringes, 272.




482


WM/Pamela Harriman, 8/22/80.




483


PFR/Lady Mary Soames, 6/07; WM/Pamela Harriman, 8/22/80.




484


Colville, Fringes, 216, 219, 248; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




485


Colville, Fringes, 265; Thompson, 1940; WM/Pamela Harriman, 8/22/80.




486


Soames, Clementine, 387.




487


Soames, Clementine, 387; GILBERT 6, 793; Sarah Churchill, A Thread in the Tapestry (London, 1967), 5657; Time, 9/30/40.




488


Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 129; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




489


WM/Lord Geoffrey Lloyd, 11/27/80.




490


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




491


             .  ,    -  45-     -    . -             14  1929   .         2030-        .  - (Tommy Gun)             Trade Mark division of the Patent Office.        ,     .        ,        .




492


Mosley, Battle of Britain, 121.




493


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Wheeler-Bennett, Action, 118.




494


Churchill, Early Life (being shot at without result).




495


Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 211.




496


Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 21011.




497


Colville, Fringes, 278; Dean Acheson, Sketches from Life of Men I Have Known (New York, 1959), 3, 17.




498


Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 211.




499


Cv/2, 9078.




500


   ,             -           ,   III  ,         .       .  1884           .           ,         (    -  ).




501


Cv/2, 9078.




502


Moran, Diaries, 9.




503


TWY, 127.




504


Randolph S. Churchill, Winston S. Churchill: Youth, 18741900 (Boston, 1996), 400, 410; Colville, Fringes, 273.




505


Colville, Fringes, 291; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 17075.




506


WM/John Colville, 10/14/80; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 174.




507


Soames, Clementine, 386; Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, 123; Cv/2, 1069.




508


    ,       ,           .  1900              ,    .        -.         .   20         -,      Pol Roger  1984        Sir Winston Churchill.




509


Colville, Fringes, 319; Moran, Diaries, 336; WM/Lord Soames (Pol Roger), 1980.




510


Colville, Fringes, 319; Shirer, Berlin Diary, 468.




511


PFR/Winston S. Churchill, 3/04.




512


Colville, Fringes, 267; Sheppard, London, 336; WSC 2, 37072; Gilbert, Second World War, 132.




513


Ziegler, London at War, 11920.




514


WSC 2, 36061.




515


WSC 2, 36061.




516


WM/Cecily (Chips) Gemmell, 7/10/80; Thompson, Assignment: Churchill, 183; Colville, Fringes, 243; WM/John Colville, 10/14/80.




517


Ismay, Memoirs, 18889.




518


Colville, Fringes, 262, 275; GILBERT 6, 862; ChP 20/13.




519


Colville, Fringes, 264, 28081.




520


GILBERT 6, 835.




521


Soames, Clementine, 394; Colville, Fringes, 259; GILBERT 6, 837.




522


WCS 2, 299, 355; GILBERT 6, 886.




523


Thompson, 1940, 22124; Ziegler, London at War, 240.




524


C&R-TCC, 1:81.




525


John Keegan, The Second World War (London, 1989), 14446.




526


GILBERT 6, 87475, 877; Keegan, Second World War, 14446; Cv/2, 1016.




527


Richard Collier, Duce! (New York, 1971), 17980.




528


Colville, Fringes, 276; Keegan, Second World War, 145.




529


Colville, Fringes, 276; Keegan, Second World War, 145.




530


Collier, War in the Desert; GILBERT 6, 88385.




531


 . .




532


Colville, Fringes, 28384.




533


ChP 20/13.




534


Colville, Fringes, 224.




535


Cv/2, 1001.




536


GILBERT 6, 885, 905; WSC 2, 53643; Eden, Reckoning, 195.




537


      ,      ,      Michelin     .      1900 ;     ,     : ,  , ,   .  1920      .




538


Collier, War in the Desert, 2122; WSC 2, 543.




539


Gilbert, Second World War, 137.




540


Cv/2, 102223.




541


C&R-TCC, 1:81.




542


Cv/2, 1147.




543


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 116 (Eyetalian fleet).




544


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 114; Cv/2, 1089 (sugar for the birds); WSCHCC, 6309.




545


Ronald Kessler, The Sins of the Father (New York, 1996), 230.




546


WSCHCS, 6307.




547


Colville, Fringes, 29495.




548


,            ,                ,    .   1922 ,      ,     ,   1939   ,      ,    . 13       ,    . ,   ,     ,           ,    (C&R-TCC, 1:11213). (. .)




549


Colville, Fringes, 292.




550


WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.




551


Cv/2, 1096; WM/John Martin, 10/23/80.




552


WSC 2, 38385.




553


TWY, 139; Panter-Downes, War Notes, 117.




554


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 117.




555


WSC 2, 38485; Winston Churchill, Thoughts and Adventures (New York, 1991), 19899.




556


WM/John Martin, 10/23/80; Colville, Fringes, 295; John Colville, The Churchillians (London, 1981), 635.




557


Thompson, 1940, 227.




558


Public Record Office documents AIR2/5238 and AIR20/2419 indicate that Churchill and the War Cabinet did not know which city would be the target on November 15.




559


Colville, Fringes, 297.




560


Cv/2, 1186, 121718; WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80.




561


Cv/3, 1163.




562


Soames, Clementine, 395.




563


Colville, Fringes, 167; TWY, 9697.




564


WSC 2, 576; GILBERT 6, 939.




565


David Miller, U-Boats (New York, 2000), 126; C&R-TCC, 1:112; Premier (Prime Minister) Papers, Public Record Office, Kew, 3/462/2; Cv/2, 1233.




566


Roger Chesneau, Conways All the Worlds Fighting Ships, 19221946 (London, 1980) (HM S Lewes).




567


Cv/2, 780, 84445.




568


Cv/2, 1246.




569


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 81011; WCSHCS, 6269.




570


WSC 2, 55658; C&R-TCC, 1:1029.




571


WSC 2, 558.




572


C&R-TCC, 1:1078.




573


   19371949     .




574


C&R-TCC, 1:1078; WM/Malcolm MacDonald, 1980.




575


C&R-TCC, 1:1078.




576


WSC 2, 56769.




577


GILBERT 6, 694.




578


Colville, Fringes, 309, 321; WSC 2, 570.




579


Colville, Fringes, 314.




580


C&R-TCC, 1:86.




581


WSC 2, 530.




582


WSC 3, 56869.




583


Winston S. Churchill, Step by Step, 19361939 (New York, 1959), 137.




584


WSC 2, 497, 523; Dilks, Diaries, 329.




585


C&R-TCC, 1:74.




586


Time Capsule 1940: A History of the Year Condensed from the Pages of Time, edited by Henry R. Luce (New York, 1968).




587


Time Capsule 1940.




588


C&R-TCC, 1:6566; Churchill, Early Life, 33 (from Manchester, The Last Lion, vol. 1, and Cowles, Churchill).




589


Celia Sandys, Chasing Churchill (New York, 2005), 138; Shirer, Rise and Fall, 78283.




590


      .  1915    ,                       . (. .)




591


Celia Sandys, Chasing Churchill (New York, 2005), 138; Shirer, Rise and Fall, 78283.




592


Collier, War in the Desert, 2633.




593


Collier, War in the Desert, 2728; Colville, Fringes, 3089.




594


Collier, War in the Desert, 29.




595


     .. ..  :      []    .              . .       .       ,       50   .            .




596


GILBERT 6, 935; Colville, Fringes, 309; Mark Mayo Boatner, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II (New York, 1999), 602.




597


GILBERT 6, 935; Collier, War in the Desert, 29.




598


 (18971958),   ,  1935         .   ,       cafes socity,     .. .      . (. .)




599


Cv/2, 1204.




600


Mosley, Battle of Britain, 149.




601


Leonard Mosley, Marshall: Hero for Our Times (New York, 1982), 15051.




602


 1939/40        : -3   250, -2   500, -1   1.        ,       , , .            ,      ,     .               .




603


NYT, 12/30/41; TWY, 132; Klingaman, 1941, 16.




604


FDR broadcast, 12/29/40, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum.




605


FDR broadcast, 12/29/40, Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum; Colville, Fringes, 321; C&R-TCC, 1:122 23.




606


WSC 2, 62829.




607


C&R-TCC, 1:120; John Colville, The Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries 19391955 (New York, 1985), 32627.




608


WSC 3, 540; Noel Annan, How Wrong Was Churchill? New York Review of Books, 4/8/93.




609


William K. Klingaman, 1941: Our Lives in a World on the Edge (New York, 1989), 24, 9293; ChP 20/36; ChP 20/21.




610


Klingaman, 1941, 2425; ChP 20/36; ChP 20/21.




611


Colville, Fringes, 145.




612


   ,    1942 .      ,     1625    .         16411649 ,      I. ,    ,  1936   .




613


C&R-TCC, 1:12122; Colville, Fringes, 327.




614


John Colville, The Churchillians (London, 1981), 162; Colville, Fringes, 653; Anthony Eden, Earl of Avon, The Reckoning: The Memoirs of Anthony Eden (New York, 1965), 168, 215.




615


Lewis Broad, Anthony Eden, The Chronicle of a Career (New York, 1955), 48; Eden, The Reckoning, 435; W&C-TPL, 408.




616


Martin Gilbert, Churchills War Leadership (New York, 2004), 72; Mark Mayo Boatner, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II (New York, 1999), 1819, 37273; Colville, Churchillians, 15657.




617


ChP 2/416; Colville, Fringes, 326; Boatner, Biographical Dictionary, 380.




618


Klingaman, 1941, 9091.




619


Klingaman, 1941, 92; WM/Malcolm Muggeridge, 11/25/80.




620


Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York, 1948), 9; Carlos DEste, Patton: A Genius for War (New York, 1995), 39091.




621


Klingaman, 1941, 43.




622


Charles de Gaulle, The Complete War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle (New York, 1964), 84.




623


Klingaman, 1941, 44.




624


Klingaman, 1941, 48; Brian Gardner, Churchill in Power: As Seen by His Contemporaries (Boston, 1970), 96; Charles Eade, ed., Churchill by His Contemporaries (New York, 1954), 140; William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary (The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 19341941) (New York, 1941), 481.




625


George F. Kennan, Memoirs: 19251950 (New York, 1967), 130; Klingaman, 1941, 18; Shirer, Berlin Diary, 44849, 459.




626


C&R-TCC, 1:147; CAB 65/18 (to Halifax).




627


Mollie Panter-Downes, London War Notes, 19391945 (London, 1972), 122 23,13940; Klingaman, 1941, 14.




628


Klingaman, 1941, 8990.




629


Klingaman, 1941, 8990.




630


 ,    ,     ,    ,    ,  9  1940        ,   . (. .)




631


           .  24  1940    VI    .




632


Klingaman, 1941, 90; GILBERT 6, 895; ChP 20/36.




633


TWY, 13637.




634


Leonard Mosley, Battle of Britain (New York, 1980), 13637.




635


TWY, 13637; ChP 20/36.




636


WSC 3, 4.




637


WSC 3, 4.




638


William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York, 1960), 813, 816.




639


WM/Jock Colville, 10/14/80; Cv/3, 39, 973.




640


Colville, Fringes, 419.




641


Cv/3, 43.




642


Cv/3, 44; Eden, The Reckoning, 27072.




643


Kennan, Memoirs; Cv/3, 44.




644


Cv/3, 165.




645


Cv/3, 430; Colville, Fringes, 209 (Operation Razzle).




646


Cv/3, 173.




647


Cv/3, 165.




648


Margery Allingham, The Oaken Heart (London, 1991), 16989.




649


ChP 20/36; WM/Lord Butler, 1980; WM/Viscount Antony Head, 1980.




650


Eden, The Reckoning, 2034.




651


C&R-TCC, 1:115.




652


          -:                     ,  , 1-  ,     -     1704       . (. .)




653


Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York, 1948), 1, 14, 15, 234.




654


Waggon Hill   . (. .)




655


Arthur Conan Doyle, The Great Boer War (Charlestown, SC, 2006); Colville, Fringes, 330; Cv/3, 29.




656


           17  1862     (  )    (  ).       .

  -          31   12  1864             .           .

   13  1854 .      18531856     ,            .




657


Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, 1/6/41.




658


H.L. Mencken, The American Language, Supplement Two (New York, 1962), 78485 (derivation of Jeep).




659


       ;     ,    ;              .




660


WSCHCS, 6328.




661


WSCHCS, 6328; Times, 1/10/41; David Dilks, ed., The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 19381945 (New York, 1972), 342; Cv/2, 1268.




662


Colville, Fringes, 332.




663


John Rupert Colville, Footprints in Time (London, 1976), 153.




664


James Conant, My Several Lives: Memoirs of a Social Inventor (Boston, 1970), 22931.




665


Conant, My Several Lives, 231.




666


WM/Sir Robert Boothby, 10/16/80 (cool and yella).




667


TWY, 114; WSCHCS, 6529.




668


TWY, 13637; Mosley, Battle of Britain; Cv/3, 825; Cv/2, 1314.




669


WSCHCC, 6451.




670


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 779; Cv/2, 1243.




671


Eade, Churchill, 141.




672


Colville, Fringes, 305.




673


Walter H. Thompson, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 220; WSC 3, 5; Colville, Fringes, 341.




674


     1  = 28,349. (. .)




675


Walter H. Thompson, Assignment: Churchill (New York, 1953), 220; WSC 3, 5; Colville, Fringes, 341.




676


WSC 3, 38.




677


Panter-Downes, War Notes, 134.




678


 1933         200    ,       160  . . Clarke P. The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2008. P. 409. (. .)




679


Klingaman, 1941, 88.




680


             ,     ,   .        1933  1938 .      .     .     ,         .

     ,    . , ,      ,     .




681


Klingaman, 1941, 127; Time, 3/14/41, 25; WSC 3, 112, 122.




682


Colville, Fringes, 358.




683


Roger Chesneau, Conways All the Worlds Fighting Ships, 19221946 (London, 1980), 244; WSC 3, 122.




684


Laurence Thompson, 1940 (New York, 1966), 23435; Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 19361945 Nemesis (New York, 2000), 334; WSC 3, 1213.




685


Shirer, Rise and Fall, 806; Kershaw, Hitler, 34244; Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, edited by John Chamberlain et al. (New York, 1939), 95961.




686


Shirer, Berlin Diary, 45965.




687


Colville, Fringes, 14849.




688


Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (London, 1985), 296.




689


Colville, Fringes, 196; Hugh Dalton, Memoirs 19311945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957), 36567.




690


Pimlott, Hugh Dalton, 301.




691


Pimlott, Hugh Dalton, 312.




692


Martin Gilbert, The Second World War: A Complete History (London, 1989), 161.




693


Klingaman, 1941, 47; NYT, 7/21/41.




694


Colville, Fringes, 441.




695


        ,   1776           ,            .




696


Duff Cooper, Old Men Forget (London, 1954), 27071.




697


   ,   Breguet,  , , , -. (. .)




698


       Little Orphan Annie (  ).




699


WM/A.J.P. Taylor, 1980.




700


Gardner, Churchill in Power, 108; Time, 1/6/41.




701


Colville, Fringes, 33133.


