Ultima.   .       
 


  
           .      Ultima           .  1983      Origin Systems Inc.,       .

            .         ,   ,        , ,  ,     Ultima.

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Ultima.   .       



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   Ultima    ,  1994 ,         EA Compilation.        Discovery CD 16  Creative Labs:  CD-ROM,   Sound Blaster 16  .

    ,  ,      RPG,        ,  Wizardry, Bards Tale, Dungeon Master  Eye of the Beholder. ,     Wing Commander   ,     ,   ,           ,     ,        .

 Origin Systems Inc.     ,     Ultima.

  Creative Labs        ,           .        :      -           .   .

  The Black Gate   ,    ,    .    ,   .      Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss.               .

  Ultima    ,        .       ,    ,     ,   ,       BurgerTime, Raid over Moscow  Double Dragon.

   Origin Systems Inc.     ,  ,                    .    ,    .

       : ,   ,  ,       .       ,   .     ,       .  ,    ,      ,      :     ,    .  ,    ,    .

       ,       ,    ,   .               ,    .         ,      ,       .       ,    .       :  ,       ,       ,     軠   Origin Systems Inc. -  , -   .

   ,     ,     Skype               (  ) .  33     ,     ,     .            .

  Ultima   , ,     , :     ,              NPC?      ,     .

      .         ,       ,  ,     .



 







12 2008   07:01  UTC        ?13.     :   ,  ,      ;   ,  NASA  ,  ;   ,    ,   .

             ,             -  .     NASA       ,       .

        Tabula Rasa, - MMORPG,     .                  ,    ,           .

    11   20 .          ,   -           .      ,       , 30      . 11  2008?,   ,     ,   -,     NCSoft.    ,         ,          .

        .      ,      .      .     .  , -     ,    ,     ,         .       Tabula Rasa     ,     ,            MMORPG .

   ,  Tabula Rasa     .       : 24  NCSoft      .         .   ,               . MMORPG,     ,       ,       ,      .     Tabula Rasa ,    MMORPG   ,   .

       NCSoft   Tabula Rasa   .   ,           ,        .    :      ,    .             ,     .     ,       .  -,        ,  ,        RPG , ,         ,    .    ,         .   ,    ,      ,     .

              ?           ?      ?   ,      ,  ,     ?       ,      ?

-  Tabula Rasa  ,    ,      , ,   .      ,          [CRPG].   ,    ,             Electronic Arts [1 -   2022.    Origin  ,    EA App: https://www.gamesindustry.biz/ea-desktop-app-set-to-replace-origin-now-available. . .].       -,  ,         .   , ,       .

     ?

       ,              ;             ;         -,     1961 .




 





1

D&D    


       ,      .

 

      ,       ,    :   .    ,    ,  ,    .  ,  .    :     , ,   ,   : .        28 .

 , Explore/Create

   4  1961    (),         ,     :   ,   ,    .     .      ,        .          .

  1960?                 .               ,   Atari   Pong,     Spacewar!,    .

 1965  NASA          .          -  ,       ,       .  1973?   ,               ( 60 ).                    ,        .            ?3,           .

         .     :      ,           .  1964        ,        ,    ,        ,        .

  ,              .        ,      ALGOL.         [2 -         ,  ,       ,      . . . .]     General Electric (   )     BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code       ).     ,      ,     .     ,  ,    ,      ,  ,      .

   ,       ,       -,         .      1970?      ,    -,   , -  1975        .

,    ,    .     ,        ,     ,    ,        .       ,  .    ,    . . .      .

 1977?            .           ,    ,     .         .  ,   ,       ,      .               .

,                    .  ,       .      ,      [3 -   hello,   ,       ,           (. hi, hey). . .],   .

    ,  .  ,       .   ,    ,        .  ,                       [4 - Lord British     . . . .].    ,      .

        ,          .            ,   .  ,   ,        ,   ,      ,   .

   Dungeons & Dragons [5 -         1974?, Dungeons & Dragons (D&D)          ,  .     D&D  : 2004?     20  ,             .  D&D     RPG  ,      :      , ,   -  . . .],       .

     ,        D&D    .            ,    .

      .   ,     ,     [6 - King, Brad; Borland, John. Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic (2014). . .].    1977?     .        ,            .

  D&D   ,   .         : -  ,     .  ,      NASA     .

    ;    1971   Webelos       [7 - Webelos    We'll Be Loyal Scouts (   ).     (610 ),     11 . . .]. :         ,      ,                .      D&D. <>      ,         ,        [8 -  . Dungeon Master   ,        .     D&D.         . . .].

 ,    ,   ,  ,     , ,     .      D&D  ,       ,   -  .           .

D&D-   ,     .    ,         ,      . :    .           D&D   810 .     ;          .   ,       ,      .    ,       .

        ,          [9 -    ,     . . .].               ,             .

     D&D     .        ,      ,          ,      .         ,       .   ,           :     - (    ),         (,  ),  (),       ( ).     ,     .     ,  ,    ,       .       ,     .

     ;               ,     .      ,              .  17    ,          .

                .           ,            ,    .       .

  ,   -    .      - DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) PDP?11        .  ,     ,      ,    ,     ,  General Electric, ,     ,    .    [10 -        .        -,    .      . . .]              .

,              III     Teletype Model 33.               ,     [11 - Wallace, James; Erickson, Jim. Hard Drive  Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire (2005). . .].    ,   ,  ,    ,   ,   .

    ,                     .        ,              .        :                 .     ,  .           ,    .          [12 -      (        Shroud of Avatar)    :   ,     .        :    ܻ.    ,       SHAV.  : SHAVS  ,        .  ,    ,       .   ( )   ,    ,    . ,       ,  ,    ,  ,        ! . .] DND1 [13 -  ,    ,   D&D   D&D 1, D&D 2  ..         Explore/Create,  .    DND1, DND2  ,        (&). . .],      .

  ,    ,   .       :     ,        .         ,                 ,    ,   .

     ,   . :    TRW [14 -   . . .]  NASA,          .     -   .      [15 - Wireframe graphics                . -   ,     3D. . . .].           ASCII-   蓻.

Star Trek              .      ,       1971?.       ,      .

 : ,  1971?,     .       ,     (  )    Sigma 7     .       .     ,   -  Sigma 7,  shoot em up  .     ,        ASR?33 Teletype   (-,  ,      ) [16 - Mayfield, Mike (2000): https://gamesoffame.wordpress.com/star-trek/.  . .].

   Spacewar!,  ,           .     ,   Star Trek   ,      (   )        .

     ,      ,     HP?35      Hewlett-Packard        .          Star Trek   - HP 200C.             .     STTR1    ,    HP,       101 BASIC Computer Games (101    ).

      ,              [17 - Spacewar!   (  Slug)   :             ,    ,      . . .].          ,   ,          .    .    ,      DEC  ,   .  ,   Star Trek       ,    1977             .

 Star Trek    ,     .      8 ? 8 ,        (E)    (K).     : , W  -  T       .



STAR TREK

  ( !)? N



  8    28    3  

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    ,          : ,  ,  G,    A    (ants) [18 -    DND  ,     Star Trek        .      ,     (  Enter    ,         ). . .].       Rogue [19 -    (roguelike),    ,    ,   . . .],     ,     ASCII     .

  ,     ,       ,   .        :     ,         .

:       1030     .          .         300  [20 -  (. baud)         ,         . . .]! [21 - Garriott, Richard.   Bladed Edge  (2011): http://www.hardcoregaming101.net. . .]

         ,     .   ,   ,     General Electric       . ,     ,    GE,       ,       Motorola.       . ,  MC6800      6800,      :  , ,             ,   .

  1970?    ,     .  ,       ,    Motorola    .         MOS Technology [22 - MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) - , .. -. . .]       MC6800.         , MOS 6502,         25  (   170   MC6800    200   Intel 8080),       .          .

      MOS     ,          .         .  MOS 6502                .                   .

           ,   -.          ,       Motorola 6800.     ,    Intel 8008,   ;          MOS 6502      .        ,             ,      MOS, MITS  IMSAI.

        .    ,   MOS        ,   Motorola     6800?,  MOS        .  MOS   Commodore,           ,     .    MOS   ,     ,  ,     Texas Instruments.     ,                     !      .

  ,       .  ,         Apple II,         ,    ,      .  ,           .  Commodore   Apple,   .

      .     Commodore PET,     .         [23 -              . . .]  ,    (     ,  -   Texas Instruments    ). ,        ,        PET       Micro-Soft[24 -     1975    ,  ,        .    1978-. . .].             ,      ,       [25 - Gates, Bill. Open Letter to Hobbyists (  )         Altair 8800 (1976). . .].

       .       ,         ,       Apple II.       MOS 6502   ,   PET     ,       .

   Apple       Atari.    ,        Breakout.       Apple II,            .     Integer BASIC        (16   , 6   ),        .

   Radio Shack [26 -  ,      . . .]         Commodore.         ,     RS   .   Tandy Corporation        TRS?80,    Zilog Z80     ,        Intel 8008.         (  ,  Pac-Man, Galaxian  Galaga)  ,    SEGA Master System  Game Boy [27 -   .  Game Boy    LR35902  Sharp   SM83,   Intel 8080      Z80: https://www.copetti.org/writings/consoles/game-boy/#cpu. . .].

: 1977         Apple II   , TRS?80  Tandy Corporation (   Radio Shack)  Commodore PET    (      IT).        ,   TRS?80      Tiny BASIC [28 -  TRS?80     ,   Tiny BASIC,  Level I BASIC. . . .],       .  Commodore   ,       PET   Apple II  TRS?80 [29 -        ,      . . .]     Micro-Soft. ,    ,                   .          MS BASIC,    .

,  -  ,      ,        .        ,      ,      (    )    ,     .    ,    ,     ,       .

   Apple II       .    ,   ,       ,      Commodore.  ,       ,  Apple II     ,      PET  TRS?80       .   Apple II   ,        1298  [30 -        16       1979 . . .].        ,   ,       .

  1979?,       .       :      ,  ,  , ,   ,   20 .          ,       .     ,       :   ,             .       .

 ,     .                  .       , 28?     ,       .

  ,         :     .

 Apple II Plus, .




2




    <>     D&D-     ,       (    ).     Akalabeth.

 

 -     Escape!.       ,       3D-.       3D,     ,           .   ,      , Akalabeth.

 , The Official book of Ultima  

  1979               Apple II Plus.       ,         4  48      .   Apple    FCC [31 -        ,     -, -     . . .]              ,   -     . Plus          ,       .    Plus   Applesoft,    Microsoft   Apple (    ),          1977?,     . Applesoft    ( ,    ),    Integer BASIC .            .    Apple II Plus Applesoft    ,     ,    .

  , Apple II Plus     ,        ,    REPT   ,   . ,    ,      ,      .       , Commodore PET,      ,      :          .

          .                  ,   ,  ,          . Apple II     ,    (    ).          .

     , DND28,     -,           .     DND28  Apple II.                               .

 ,          ,       .        ,      .     Escape! [32 - Garriott, Richard. Space Gamer 39,  1981. . .]  . ,    ,       M.U.S.E. Software.

               .              1970?      .           PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations       ).         ,   TUTOR.

    Control Data Corporation,            ,  PLATO     .       ,      .    -      ,            (    ,     PLATO).

 Empire             ,     PLATO -     .    Empire,            ,   Conquest.        .

     ,  ,    Apple II    .  ,         ,      .        Apple II  .   Apple Tree,       ,   .    ,    ,           Apple II    234.

        ,          Apple II  Muse Software [33 -    Micro Users Software Exchange, Inc. (    ),    . . . .],      Tank War.     ,       ,     ,      .

      ,        Maze   3D-.       ,  ,          .    Maze         .

   Maze   Escape!,      .     ,  ,    ,     ( ,   ),   ,      ,   .

     Empire,  Escape!         ,   .              (  Apple)   ,    :         . -  Muse Software Apple   60   [34 - Gorgon, David. Creative Computing Magazine, . 10, 11,  1984. . .].

     Robot War




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/andrea-kontato/ultima-skvoz-lunnye-vrata-istoriya-richarda-gerriota-i-ego-69796864/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  2022.    Origin  ,    EA App: https://www.gamesindustry.biz/ea-desktop-app-set-to-replace-origin-now-available. . .




2


        ,  ,       ,      . . . .




3


  hello,   ,       ,           (. hi, hey). . .




4


Lord British     . . . .




5


        1974?, Dungeons & Dragons (D&D)          ,  .     D&D  : 2004?     20  ,             .  D&D     RPG  ,      :      , ,   -  . . .




6


King, Brad; Borland, John. Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic (2014). . .




7


Webelos    We'll Be Loyal Scouts (   ).     (610 ),     11 . . .




8


 . Dungeon Master   ,        .     D&D.         . . .




9


   ,     . . .




10


       .        -,    .      . . .




11


Wallace, James; Erickson, Jim. Hard Drive  Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire (2005). . .




12


     (        Shroud of Avatar)    :   ,     .        :    ܻ.    ,       SHAV.  : SHAVS  ,        .  ,    ,       .   ( )   ,    ,    . ,       ,  ,    ,  ,        ! . .




13


 ,    ,   D&D   D&D 1, D&D 2  ..         Explore/Create,  .    DND1, DND2  ,        (&). . .




14


  . . .




15


Wireframe graphics                . -   ,     3D. . . .




16


Mayfield, Mike (2000): https://gamesoffame.wordpress.com/star-trek/.  . .




17


Spacewar!   (  Slug)   :             ,    ,      . . .




18


   DND  ,     Star Trek        .      ,     (  Enter    ,         ). . .




19


   (roguelike),    ,    ,   . . .




20


 (. baud)         ,         . . .




21


Garriott, Richard.   Bladed Edge  (2011): http://www.hardcoregaming101.net. . .




22


MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) - , .. -. . .




23


             . . .




24


    1975    ,  ,        .    1978-. . .




25


Gates, Bill. Open Letter to Hobbyists (  )         Altair 8800 (1976). . .




26


 ,      . . .




27


  .  Game Boy    LR35902  Sharp   SM83,   Intel 8080      Z80: https://www.copetti.org/writings/consoles/game-boy/#cpu. . .




28


 TRS?80     ,   Tiny BASIC,  Level I BASIC. . . .




29


       ,      . . .




30


       16       1979 . . .




31


       ,     -, -     . . .




32


Garriott, Richard. Space Gamer 39,  1981. . .




33


   Micro Users Software Exchange, Inc. (    ),    . . . .




34


Gorgon, David. Creative Computing Magazine, . 10, 11,  1984. . .


