   !    
   

  


          ?        ?           ?        ,  ,   , ,  .     ,      ,        , ,  .

         !            , -       ,                 .      ,      .     ,     .  ,     , ,    ,      .          ,        ,    ,     .                 ,       .

  PDF A4    .





       

   !    



Eva van den Broek en Tim den Heijer

HET BROMVLIEG EFFECT

Alledaagse Fenomenen Die Stiekem Je Gedrag Sturen



 Eva van den Broek en Tim den Heijer, 2021

  ..,    , 2023

    .    -, 2023








* * *



,  ,      ,      !           , ,         .

  ,      






    



          . , ,    ,    , . -            ,   ,    . ,       ,    .        1990- ,        .  --     1880 ,    .   ,  apis (  )   ,       .     1950-       .        :    .              , -     ,     .            ,      , ,   .  ,     .   : 껠   ,           .       [1 - Evans-Pritchard, B. (2013), Aiming to reduce cleaning costs in: Works that work, nr. 1, 2013.][2 -         8%     .   , ,     ,    ,  ,   .     ,      ,    35   .       ,  ,   ,    .     !   ,    , . .].

       .    ,    ,   ,    .   ,     ,      ,          .          .    ,      ? ? ? ,      ,        .    , ,   ?     ,       (     ).

  -   -,   ,      .   ,              .        :     - ,    ,          ().        ().    ,     ().      .             .    ,   ,           [3 -  --,  .].   ?         .            ,      ,    .    , ,      ,     ,   .

 ,     .                        ,         .            .      ,     ,      ,    .          ,          .   ,   ,        10000   .     ,          -,          .             .          ,    . , , ,            .   ,  ,   .     , ,     .




    :   


 :           (     ).    ,    . :       ,   .  ,    ,       !      ,        .        .            .    ,      .      ,    -    :       .  ,   ?  , ,          ,     , ,  -      ,   .  ,   ,       .   ,    ,      .       .

       .          .    ,       ,    ,           .  ,      ,       ,     ,                   .         ,     .  ,    ,    . ,    ?       ,      ,     . ,      .




  


              ,      .       ,          .          ,  ,         .    ,            ,    . ,      -        , , ,  .

,            ,      ,    ,   .    -   .      ,     ,        . ,       .  ,   ,    .     ,   ? .      :           ;       ;   ,   .  ,     ,    .             ,     ,   - ,    ,   . ,    :  ,     - ,        .       .   , , , ,     .     [4 -       ,   . . .]:   - !




   (  )


        -.         .  ,  , -        


,    .        ,     .  :     ,   ,   ,  ,     .     ,      .

         .    ,   ,      


 ,   ,     


     ,      .    ,  


 .          ,     () [5 -  ,            .   ,      ,   ,  -      ,       . ,       ,        .        .].   ,     . 


   ,        .       ,     ,      - .  -

   .     ,       ,     .          ,         ,           .  LED- 


      .  ,   ,      


    ,   ,     .



   -   ,       .  , , ,      ,          (,       ).  ,       ,    .   ,   ,  ,       .           ,       .     ,    .       ?[6 -  []      24%.]

,   .  ,     !   ,          .       .  ? .     ,   ,     ,     .       -    .      ? ,  ,    ,       ,  -,         ? ,   ,   .      ,      .      .




1.   












  ,       ? ,    .  ,     ,        . , ,   ,   ,  .   ,      ,       .    ,     ,   .           .        .    ,  ,       !

,    ,  -   ,    .        [7 - ,          .  ,      ,    .].           ?   .              .        ,    , ,   ,    ,     .      .          ,     ![8 - , ,  -  :  ,      , ,     ,          (   ).]

   ,     : ,   ,      ,   -  .       : , ,      ,   .      .    ,    ,      -  . ,       ,        .




  


  ,       ,   ?      ,  ,      ?    ;     .    ,   : , ,     .        , ,     .      . ,            ,   ,            . ,        ,     ,   . , ,  ,          :      ,    ,    ,     . ,     ;       300   .  , ,  ,  ,    ,       .             ,       .       .

  ,  ,  ,         .   ,      ,        . ,            .  ,     ,  .        ?           -,         . ,        ,      , ,         .      . ,          ,      ,         . , ,    ,  .   :       ,    ,   .       ,   ,  ,    .       ,  .




 


 ,     , , ,    .   ,    .      , , -,      .  ,     -  :  ,         .          ,      .       ,    ?      ; ,    ,        .      ,    . ,       ,     .    ,       .

        19 1995[9 - Poundstone, W. (2016), Head in the cloud: Why knowing things still matters when facts are so easy to look up. Little, Brown Spark.].      .       .           .  ,          ( :       ,    ),   ,           .   ,        .            ,     .          ࠗ .

    : ,     - ,    .        ,     [10 - Muller, A., L.A.Sirianni en R.J.Addante (2021), Neural correlates of the Dunning-Kruger effect // European Journal of Neuroscience, 53 (2), 460484.].       . - ,           ,   ,   ,         . - ,     ,      ,       [11 - Help, mijn man is Klusser! (.)  . . .].    -,      ,    ?       , ,    ,   .     ,   ,   -  .          蠫:   ,   ,               ,    ,      ,     ,     .       -               ,  ,      ,    .  -   ? ,      .

            .               .   ,   ,       . ,         [12 - Konnikova, M. (2016), The confidence game: Why we fall for it Every time. Penguin.],     -.              : ,       ,  ,   .            confidence game,   堖      ().

  ?     ,      ,            -.  ,   -  .       ,  .




  ,   


   .  ?   -  ? , .   ,      ,      ,    .        - ( ),       [13 - Kurzban, R. (2012), Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite: Evolution and the modular mind. Princeton University Press.].       ,    .          .  ,  ,    , ,   ,     .     :        .             -   ,      ,   - .    ,  ,   [14 -  ,     ,     .           -    -  .].   .             ,     .

         .  ,        [15 - Kross, E. (2021), Chatter: The Voice in Our Head and How to Harness It.Random House.][16 - ,   :    ,           .  ,  , . ,    , ,    ,      .].             ?       ,     :   ,    .         ,   ,         [17 -                ,    .].      ,      ,  .       ,  ,  , ,    , ,      ,       .    :       .  ,          ,  :        , , ,      .        .     ,     .

,      ,     .           ?      ?               [18 - Schwardmann, P. en J. van der Weele (2019), Deception and self-deception // Nature human behaviour, 3 (10), 10551061.].      :         ,   ,          ?      ,         ?

    ,      ,    .           ,   , ,   ,    .     ,     .    ,  -  .   : ,    !,      .      -  ,  ,     ,    .   ,     . ,  ,         ,     [19 -       : -         ?      ,    ,   ,     . ,  ,      .  ,       ,     .   ,       ,        .].




   

 .   (, )     .          :   ,       ,        .   ,     ,    150%,           .     15       .       ,       100%.


    ,         ,    ,      .     ![20 - Charness, G., A.Rustichini en J. van de Ven (2018), Self-confidence and strategic behavior // Experimental Economics, 21 (1), 7298.]




  


,     ,    .      - ,   ?    .               -  ,        .   ,                   ,   .      ,   ,      . , , ,          .        .      .

         -       .   :  -     - ,      ?    .

         .     , ,  ,      ,        .     .        . ,      ,   ,    ,   ,     ,    .   .         .

      ,    .  ,   ,           ,     ,  .       ,  ,     . ,            . ,        ,        .        ,       .         ,  .




 ?

   2016   Cambridge Analytica   .      Facebook[21 - Meta   ,       . . .],       ,        .         ,    .  ?    !   ?    !        ,   . ,   Facebook,         ໠    , ,    ,   [22 - Azucar, D., D.Marengo en M.Settanni (2018), Predicting the Big 5 personality traits from digital footprints on social media: A meta-analysis // Personality and individual differences, 124, 150159.].     ,        ,   .  ,   ,     -   .   ,    .   ,  ,  ,    ,      [23 - Zarouali, B., T.Dobber, G. de Pauw en C. de Vreese (2020), Using a personality-profiling algorithm to investigate political microtargeting: assessing the persuasion effects of personality-tailored ads on social media // Communication Research, 0093650220961965.].


    ,      .           ,   ,     .  -   ( :    ),  - ,     .    2021 CDA[24 -    (. Christen Democratisch App?l) . . .]           ,    [25 -      ,   , -   2022       (CDA). . .]   . , Cambridge Analytica    ,    ?




,   


          :    . ,   ,   ,  ,         .       , :    -  ,   .        .

  ,    ,  ,  ,  - :    . ,      !         ,   :    ,   -? ,   - :       -   ,      . ,   ,          .     ,    ,      .     ,    ,             .       , ,         ?      . ,   ,   ,         ,     .      ,        -  .

 , ,    ,    ,               .        , ?  ,        .   [26 - Vedantam, S. (Host) (2018), Everybody lies, and thats not always a bad thing. Podcast Hidden Brain, NPR, 9 april 2018.]  ,      ,  , ,        :

    .   .                 .     ,      . ,  .     ,              .      37D  -  ,        .  ,      ,      ,          .

        .    :   ,      ,      .       .     ,  - ,         .  ,                .      . ,    ,    .       ,     .       ,         ,         [27 - Andreoni, J., J.M.Rao en H.Trachtman (2017), Avoiding the ask: A field experiment on altruism, empathy, and charitable giving// Journal of Political Economy, 125 (3), 625653.].     ,    .

?   ,             ?   ,   [28 - Saccardo, S. en M.Serra-Garcia (2020), Cognitive Flexibility or Moral Commitment? Evidence of Anticipated Belief Distortion. Working paper.]   [29 - Kahan, Dan M., Ellen Peters, Erica Cantrell Dawson en Paul Slovic (2017). Motivated numeracy and enlightened self-government // Behavioural Public Policy 1, no. 1 (2017): 5486.][30 -    ?   ,        ?].




 ,        


 Amazon     .     Zeebo.   :       .   -   , ,  ,   .        ,   ,       Oshe.   Zeebo      :     []  ,   .

     .         .       ,         .    ,        .     ,         .        .    1807,   -        .        ,    ,      .

,   -   .     ,      .        ,         ,      : ,    .        ,    .  ,       ,  ,     .  ,        .  ,  ,  ,      .  ,    ,   ,    ,   ,    .       :         !

,   ,       ,     Amazon.      ,         ,    .   .     .   ,     .      .       ,    -.        ,    ,   .           !.          ?          .    ,   ,     .         .   ,   .        ,    - -;  71  50  [31 -      The New York Times,     :   ,   , 2003. , ,   ?].         :    ?      ?       ? ,   - 3250   . Ƞ2500        . ,   ,  ,   -       ,         ,  -      ,    .

          :    ,    [32 -     ,    .     ,   .].




  ,   

   ,    :  ,    ,    .            ,     :     ,    .     ,            :   ,   .           .       ,   ,          ,       .        ,  Coca-Cola Light,      ,      ,  Coca-Cola Zero,    .    ,           ,        .          . , Microsoft     - Word,          .  , ,   ,     :      ,   .





  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/eva-van-den-bruk/moy-mozg-mne-vret-fenomen-effekta-zhuzhzhaschey-muhi-69853054/chitat-onlayn/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Evans-Pritchard, B. (2013), Aiming to reduce cleaning costs in: Works that work, nr. 1, 2013.




2


        8%     .   , ,     ,    ,  ,   .     ,      ,    35   .       ,  ,   ,    .     !   ,    , . .




3


 --,  .




4


      ,   . . .




5


 ,            .   ,      ,   ,  -      ,       . ,       ,        .        .




6


 []      24%.




7


,          .  ,      ,    .




8


, ,  -  :  ,      , ,     ,          (   ).




9


Poundstone, W. (2016), Head in the cloud: Why knowing things still matters when facts are so easy to look up. Little, Brown Spark.




10


Muller, A., L.A.Sirianni en R.J.Addante (2021), Neural correlates of the Dunning-Kruger effect // European Journal of Neuroscience, 53 (2), 460484.




11


Help, mijn man is Klusser! (.)  . . .




12


Konnikova, M. (2016), The confidence game: Why we fall for it Every time. Penguin.




13


Kurzban, R. (2012), Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite: Evolution and the modular mind. Princeton University Press.




14


 ,     ,     .           -    -  .




15


Kross, E. (2021), Chatter: The Voice in Our Head and How to Harness It.Random House.




16


,   :    ,           .  ,  , . ,    , ,    ,      .




17


               ,    .




18


Schwardmann, P. en J. van der Weele (2019), Deception and self-deception // Nature human behaviour, 3 (10), 10551061.




19


      : -         ?      ,    ,   ,     . ,  ,      .  ,       ,     .   ,       ,        .




20


Charness, G., A.Rustichini en J. van de Ven (2018), Self-confidence and strategic behavior // Experimental Economics, 21 (1), 7298.




21


Meta   ,       . . .




22


Azucar, D., D.Marengo en M.Settanni (2018), Predicting the Big 5 personality traits from digital footprints on social media: A meta-analysis // Personality and individual differences, 124, 150159.




23


Zarouali, B., T.Dobber, G. de Pauw en C. de Vreese (2020), Using a personality-profiling algorithm to investigate political microtargeting: assessing the persuasion effects of personality-tailored ads on social media // Communication Research, 0093650220961965.




24


   (. Christen Democratisch App?l) . . .




25


     ,   , -   2022       (CDA). . .




26


Vedantam, S. (Host) (2018), Everybody lies, and thats not always a bad thing. Podcast Hidden Brain, NPR, 9 april 2018.




27


Andreoni, J., J.M.Rao en H.Trachtman (2017), Avoiding the ask: A field experiment on altruism, empathy, and charitable giving// Journal of Political Economy, 125 (3), 625653.




28


Saccardo, S. en M.Serra-Garcia (2020), Cognitive Flexibility or Moral Commitment? Evidence of Anticipated Belief Distortion. Working paper.




29


Kahan, Dan M., Ellen Peters, Erica Cantrell Dawson en Paul Slovic (2017). Motivated numeracy and enlightened self-government // Behavioural Public Policy 1, no. 1 (2017): 5486.




30


   ?   ,        ?




31


     The New York Times,     :   ,   , 2003. , ,   ?




32


    ,    .     ,   .


