   .  
  


     ,      .   , , ,         .    ,          ,      .        (      )      -   .       , -     ,    .         ,  :     ;    (,  );      ;    - ;   ;    ;   ,   ,        .           ,    ,       ,          .. .





   :  

      .. 


     ,  ,    ,    

 


Handbook of the head of the organization: legal basis

2nd edition, corrected



Moscow

Yustitsinform



Handbook of the head of the organization: legal basis / Lead editor I.S. Shitkina. 2nd ed., corrected. M Yustitsinform, 2016. 506 p.



This publication is a collection of topics relevant for heads of business organizations.

Book is different for its complexity, novelty, easy, although in any case not simplified form of presentation. It combines the tips, practical examples and suggestions outlining rather complex legal material, certainly and necessary for the head of the organization on a regular basis.

The target audience of the book are the heads of companies (limited liability companies and joint stock companies)  most common legal forms of business in Russia. The book also may be of interest to practicing lawyers, top managers of commercial organizations and other readers interested in business law.

The book covers various aspects of the legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity, in particular: the choice of optimal forms of business; means of individualization (brands, trademarks); organization of corporate governance in business companies; contractual issues and claims work; organization of labor relations; relations between companies and banks; business tax issues, competition and monopoly, managers legal liability and other legal aspects of business.

This book has been prepared by partners and experts of consulting company Shitkina and partners practicing lawyers with rich legal expertise and management experience, scholars  professors at the Law Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University.



 LLC Yustitsinform, 2016




 !


,     ,   ,       ,       .

       .

 1985          ,                  .               .

 .   .    ,      .

  ,  !        ,         -,   .

 ,   ,     ,               .

   ?  .   ,      .    ,   .

,    ,   ,      .      ,   ,     , ,    ,  .

          , ,   ,  , , ,  ,  ,     .         ,         ,   .

 ,            .

 ,  ,   ,              .

  28-  ,          ,  ,              ,  .

                !

  ,         ,         .

       ,

     : legalservices@ shitkina-law.ru.

   ,    .



      ,

 




 


  ,   ,  ,     .         - ,       , , ,     .

..             ,        ,    ,   ,  ,  . . I (   .. ); . IV (   .. ); . VII; . VIII.

  ,   ,         .. .             .  ..       .         ,          .  2013       

     .       . . XI.

  ,   ,    ,    ,         ,     .        ,  ,  .           ,    .   40    .  3, 4 . XIII.

  ,   ,         .. ,      ,     - .           . . IX;

  ,   ,         .. ,     ,  ,     ,       ,   ,       ,           .   50      . . III.

  ,   ,            .. .         ,      .   10    ,          . ..           ,        . . II; . ; . VI; . X.

  ,   ,    ,        .. ,     ,    MBA,    - ,         ,  ,      .  . .         ,  ,  ,    .           .        . . I (   .. ), . IV (   .. ); . XII;  1, 2 . XIII.




 


1.       ( , , , )

2.        

3.        (,  )

4.       

5.       

6.         

7.        

8.    -   

9.        26  1995 . 208-    ( . .) //  . 1996. 1. . 1.

10.        8  1998 . 14-      ( . .) //  . 1998. 11. . 785.

12.          22  1996 . 39-     ( . .) //  . 1996. 17. . 1918.

13.   99-      5  2014 . 99-      4                  //    6373  7  2014 .

14.   7  2001 . 115-     07.08.2001  115-    () ,   ,    //  . 2001. 33. . 3418.

15.   5  2014 . 116-     05.05.2014 . 116-        Ի //  . 2014. 19. . 2321.

16.          8  2001 . 129-         ( . .) //  . 2001. 33. . 1. . 3431.

17.           2  1990 . 395-1      ( . .) //  . 1990. 27. . 357.

18.         26  2006 . 135-    //  . 2006. 31 (. 1). . 3434.

19.        17.08.1995 . 147-    //  . 1995. 34. . 3426

20.        26  2002 . 127-   () ( . .) //  . 2002. 43. . 4190.

21.        28  2009 . 381-          //  . 2010. 1. . 2.

22.         6  2011 . 63-    //  . 2011. 15. . 2036.

23.        13  2006 . 38-   //  . 2006. 12. . 1232.

24.        27  2006 . 149-  ,       //  . 2006. 31. . 3448.

25.         5  2013 . 44-       , ,        //  . 2013. 14. . 1652.

26.    1991 .    22  1991 . 948-1          ( . .) //  . 1991. 16. . 499 (          ).

27.         8  1996 . 41-    ( . .) //  . 1996. 20. . 2321.

28.         12  1996 . 7-    ( . .) //  . 1996. 3. . 145.

29.         03.12.2011 . 380-    //  . 2011. 49 (. 5). . 7058.

30.         28.11.2011 . 335-    //  . 2011. 49 (. 1). . 7013.

31.             , .     04.10.2011  1146/ -          .

32.     139-      03.12.2012  139-    .



    -  - 




 I

   :  


    ,     .

  




 1.         



    ,         .

                        - .

             (Doing business),           ,  189  .

                 ,  10 :  ,    ,    ,  ,  ,   , ,   ,      .

            .

    Doing business-2015   62-         BRICS,    .         34-  [1 - .: http://russian. doingbusiness. org/rankings].








      -      ,       ,  :

  ()    ;

  -,    ;

    (     );

   .

              ,     .




    


    ,      (- ),   4       (  Ի).

,             .   99-     4  ,      2014 .,        ,      ().                   .



  . 1. 48      ,          ,             ,      .


     :

         (, );

           ,     ;

   (     );

          .




  


     .








    1  2014 .,   3,97   ,    3,75   (94,6 %), 3,6 %    (  0,74 %,   2,86 %), 1,8 %   - .

                      ,    -   .

  ,       ,  ,    ,               .




 2. 





 .   


 ,           ,     .       4     99-, . . 1  2014 .,       .



(   ,  ()     ()         (. 1. 65.1  ).


    -   ,        .

       .



        ( ),        ,   .


       , ,  ,        .       ,         () :           ;            .

    :








   :

     ();

       ;

     ;

   ,   .




   


                   .



    ,    ,   ,    (  )     ,     ,    ,         ,    .

 ,    ,           .


 ,     ,     18.08.2014 . 0652/6680,    ,  . 1. 66.3   (    99-),   (  )       ()  ,   ,   ,   ,      ,      ( ),       ( ).

 ,  ,    ,      1  2014 .,    ,      ()      ,                ,    .

  01.12.2014 . 0652/9527    ,         99-,    1  2014 .,  (  ,   ),       (  )    ,           .  ,       ,               (   )     . 1. 66.3      .

,                ()     ,   .

            ,        , ,  ,                 .

 ,              .

,          (. 66.3  ):

              ,   ,   . 1. 3. 66.3  ;

      ,         ;

             ;

        ;

    ;

       ,        ,   ;

         ,              .

          -     .








 ,                       ,      ()              ,    ,       ,       (. 1. 67  ). ,            .




 .17        9  1999 . 90/14 ,    () ,        , ,  ,            ,       ,     .




      24  2012 .

 151          , :    ;

   ,    ,          ,     ,  ,         ()        ;

          ,        ,    ()             .

,                .




 


   ,     ,        :








          .

     ,     ,      :

      .

    (,   . .)     .




   


    :

  ;

 ,  ()        .



           (),   (),      ,    .


       (),       ,      - .          (. 4. 53  , . 2. 12   , . 3. 11   ).

    , ,  ()     ,    ,   ,        ,      (. 1. 66.1  ).

 . 2. 66.1                 . 1cm. 66.1 ,           ()     .

 ,         ,        .

 . 2. 66.2                     ,      .








                ,        .            ,   ,   .               ()    ,     ,     .

       ,                ,              .  ,  ,   ,          .

 ,                     .          ,     .

  ,                 (. 66.1, . 2. 67  ).

       99-           (. 27   ),         .

             ,    ,           .

        ,     . 1. 66.1         .

   ,     ,   ,   ,      ()   (, ),   ,        (. 3. 213  ).

,    ,      ,          .

       ()          ,   ,      , ,   -  (-,  , , ,  ).




 


 2009 .          ,   ()            ,               (. 3. 8    . 32.1   ).

  99-     67.2  , ,  ,        ,         .

         ,     () :

   ()   ()

   ()            ()       .

            ,    ,  ,          ()     .        .

          ()   ,        (,     ).

. 9. 67.2            ,                           .        .

 , ,              ,   ()        ()    .

  . 67.2                       ,       ,                     .

 ,  . 2. 67.2  ,    ,               ,           .

         ,  .

    99-  ,                ,               .              -   , ,  .

  ,    99-,         ,      ,  ,    .




 3.      





      ,      ;              ,    ,       (. 1. 87  ).


 ,            ,   :

      ;

          ;

               ;

         ,             ,       ;

   ,       ( )       .;

    ,         .

       .

  -        ,     .

                     .

       ,  :

 ,          ,  . .    ,  ()

 ,        ;

  ,            ;

 ,                    (,  ;        ;           .);

 ,       .

        .           ,          ,         (. 1. 88  ).

        .

  ,            .




 


 ,      ,          ( , ).          -   .

       .

      (. 2. 33   )   .

       ,       .                      (. 1. 32   ).

           ,   ,   ,     ,  ,   .

      .   ,          ,   ,    ,       (. 2. 28   ).

          , ,    ,   .



 ,          ,     ,          ,             (. 2. 8 . 2. 9  , . 7. 3. 66.3  ).          ,     .

                    ,         ,        .








             ,   -  :

      ;

    軠         ,            ,    -    ;

   ()     ;

       .




   


            ,       .

         ,         ,       .

           .                               ,               .

  ( )             (. 21   ).          ,       .          ,     .

                ,   ,     ,             .                 . , ,         ,        .              .




 4.  





 




  ()   ,        ;    ()         ,    ,       (. 1. 96  ).


   ,       99-,                        .                    .                  .

        :

         ;

     ;

    , ,   ,       (     ),       ()  ,            .

        :

        (  );

      (  );

     (  )    (  );

           (  ).

                  .

           .              ,           .                    .

   ,  ,   ,       .

          -     .

                 .

   (  )    ,    ,      ,     ,            ,    ,     .

   . 4cm. 3  99-           100  ,     10   (       ).




 5.  



       ,       .

        .    -  .







,     -          .        ,    ,        .



     ,     (),     ,  ,    ,             (  ).


          ()  .

       ()      .

     : ,   ,   :    ( );       (. 67.3  ).

,        , ,           ()         .              .        .

     ,         ,     .








       :

        ,     ;

     (

     );

     ;

       ;

         ;

                    ()  ;

                 ;

              ,    .

   ,    ,  :

    ,           ;

  ,     ;

     ;

  ,    .

           .

    -     .

    (      ),  , :

   ()    ,          ()   , ,           

      ,           ()  ()      .

 ,                ().                    ().

      .

   .    ,      ,                     .

   .     ,       ,     ,   .

   .         ,               (  ).

   .            .

  ,   . 67.3  ,       .

       () ,          ,          .               .

      ,               ,     .

        .         50     ,  ,   .               .

          01.07.1996 . 6/8 ,        -  (. 31).

,               ,        (. 67.3)                   ,        .              .

          :  ()        ,        .

            .         ,  . 53  ,    ,      ,       .       󻠖               ,   .

                     .








                   ,      ,          .

       ,      , ,    ,      ,   ,     ,  ,    ,         .

 ,              ,            .        ()  ,      .     , ,    ,      (  ,  , ,    ),    ,   ,    ,    -  . .  ,          , ,         .

       .

                    ()  , ,  ,    , , ,    . .

 ,                      .            (. 4. 2. 33   , . 1. 69   ).

      ,         .

          ,          -    .


  (   )

    -     ,       .



  . 1 . 1041       (   )     ()                     .            ,         ()   (. 2. 1041  ).


         ,    .



      ,     ,          .







 ,        -,      -    , :

     ()    -.         ,              .

     ,       , ,      ,  .           , ,  ,    .

    -         ,      .                     ,       .

              .   . 1054        ,         ( ).

     :

       ;

            ;

     ,  ,    ,   ,       .

      ,      ,                     .








      :

           ,  ;

          ,    ,           ;

             .

               ,           .

     ,     ,  .     ,       .

,             ,       .    ,     , ,            ,     ,     , ,  , .             ,   ,            .  ,       .





-    





























 II

    , , ,  (,  ,  )


       .        .    ?    .

 




 1.  , ,   : , 





  


    ,    ,        ,      ,            .     ,       ,    .      ,           ,    .



    , ,    ,    , ,     ,      .





  


  ,    ,      ,   :

    (    ໠  ,   );

    (    ,     );

    (    (, , ),             ,      ,       ).








       . .     ,       ,        .                   ,  ,     , ,       ,     , , , ,       ,         ,      .




   


  ,          ,         , ,          .

              .

         :

1.         ,  .




                .     ,        ,       ,   ໠   ,   60   ,       .    ,  ,        ໠       .    ,        ,         [2 -     10  2012 .    40-107151/11-804.].

2.         ,                (. 2. 14    ).         ,                    .             ,     .

3.        .         ,   . ,         .         ,        ,     [3 - .:     9  2009 .    56-53105/2008.].

    ,  ,       ,                         .     -.          ,      .   ,   -     ,            ,     ,  ,        [4 - .:  ..        :      //  . 2013. 7. . 34.].

      .        ,     .       ,           5  ,         (. 1515  ).       ,        (  ).               .                              .




 2.  





    




            ,     -     (. 1473  ).


    : 1)           ; 2)               ; 3)       ,         ,            .








     ,               ,            ,        ,      .    ,    ,       .            ,       .




  :    


       : 1)      - ; 2)     .

    ,     ,      ,    ,     ,            .           ,   ,           .

  ,          ,       ,    ,   .        ,         ( , ),        .        .        . ,           ,        ,     .         (   [5 - http: //www. amo-zil.ru/about/info/],   [6 - http://www.rao-ees.ru/ru/]),    (   [7 - http://www.reso.ru/Shareholders/Indocs/charter_28042014.pdf])  .

      ,    :    ,    ,    ,      .,            ,        ,      -   ,     ,         .

        ̻.            .        ,   ,           .  ,      ( )    ,         ,        .

      ,      .      ,   ,   ,     .  ,      ,    ,         .

     .       .  ,              (,          ,   [8 - .:     3  2010 . 52               ,   ,     //  . 2010. 6. . 660.]        (. 69  ).            ,    (, ,     .).   ,            ,        ,  ,     .     . 1473  .             .                 ,        .   : )              ; )       ; )       ,        35 %        ; )  25 %      25 %     .

            ,           .

   ,   ,     (. 1473  ).




    


          ,       , ,  , ,   .         ,      (. 2. 1474  ).      ,   ,       ,           .    . 4. 1474          : )    , ,         ; )   .




  -   18  2011 .,   -𻠖 23  2012 .  ,     -,                       -.        [9 -     24  2013 .    40-138864/12-12-637.].




 3.  





    




    ,          (. 1. 1477  ).


    , , ,    .             ,       .   ,  ,       ,   ,      .       [10 - .  :  ..         ,  ,    : - . ., 2007.].








     : 1)              ; 2)       ; 3)            ,      .




    


           .                .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/kollektiv-avtorov/nastolnaya-kniga-rukovoditelya-organizacii-pravovye-osno/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


.: http://russian. doingbusiness. org/rankings




2


    10  2012 .    40-107151/11-804.




3


.:     9  2009 .    56-53105/2008.




4


.:  ..        :      //  . 2013. 7. . 34.




5


http: //www. amo-zil.ru/about/info/




6


http://www.rao-ees.ru/ru/




7


http://www.reso.ru/Shareholders/Indocs/charter_28042014.pdf




8


.:     3  2010 . 52               ,   ,     //  . 2010. 6. . 660.




9


    24  2013 .    40-138864/12-12-637.




10


.  :  ..         ,  ,    : - . ., 2007.


