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1


 . .




2


             ,   ,      ,      .        . Timothy Ferris, "How the Voyager Golden Record Was Made," New Yorker, https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/voyager-golden-record-40th-anniversary-timothy-ferris (https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/voyager-golden-record-40th-anniversary-timothy-ferris)




3


     -    IV:   (Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, 1986).




4


       ,       (Euphausia superba).   ,            2  .     ,      (Perciformes)       ,   ,      .          ,         389 . .: Steve Reily et al. Biomass and Energy Transfer to Baleen Whales in the South Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 51 (2004): 13971409; Simeon Hill et al. A Compilation of Parameters for Ecosystem Dynamics Models of the Scotia Sea-Antarctic Peninsula Region, CCAMLR Science 14 (2007): 125;         (): https://www.ccamlr.org/en/fisheries/krill-fisheries (https://www.ccamlr.org/en/fisheries/krill-fisheries)




5


   : Ari S. Friedlaender et al., "Whale Distribution in Relation to Prey Abundance and Oceanographic Processes in Shelf Waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula," Marine Ecology Progress Series 317 (2006): 297310; Ari S. Friedlaender et al., "Extreme Diel Variation in the Feeding Behavior of Humpback Whales Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula During Autumn," Marine Ecology Progress Series 494 (2013): 28189.




6


          . . . .




7


           .  Gerald L. Kooyman, "Genesis and Evolution of Biologging Devices: 19632002," Memoirs of the National Institute of Polar Research 58 (2004): 1522.          ; ., ,  Nicholas L. Payne et al., "From Physiology to Physics: Are We Recognizing the Flexibility of Biologging Tools?". Journal of Experimental Biology 217 (2014): 31722.




8


, David Wiley et al., "Underwater Components of Humpback Whale Bubble-Net Feeding Behaviour," Behaviour 148 (2011): 575602.




9


               .           ,       ,  ()   ,         : -       . . . .




10


       ,  ,        (.  Michael R. McGowen et al., "Divergence Date Estimation and a Comprehensive Molecular Tree of Extant Cetaceans," Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53 (2009): 891906.   -      .   - .: Mark Hallett and Mathew J. Wedel, The Sauropod Dinosaurs: Life in the Age of Giants (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016).    .: Christina Lockyer, "Body Weights of Some Species of Large Whales," Journal de Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 36 (1976): 25973.  .  8  ,      .




11


    .           . .: E. J. Slijper, Whales (London: Hutchinson, 1962)  David E. Gaskin, The Ecology of Whales and Dolphins (New York: Heinemann, 1982).




12


Stephen J. Godfrey et al., "On the Olfactory Anatomy in an Archaic Whale (Protocetidae, Cetacea) and the Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Balaenopteridae, Cetacea)," Anatomical Record 296 (2013): 25772.




13


       ,         ,     .          .  ,              ,     .          . ,    . . . .




14


Jeremy A. Goldbogen et al., "The Ultimate Mouthful: Lunge Feeding in Rorqual Whales," American Scientist. 98 (2010): 12431.




15


 ,         ,   Donald A. Croll et al., "The Diving Behavior of Blue and Fin Whales: Is Dive Duration Shorter Than Expected Based on Oxygen Stores?" Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 129A (2001): 797809.      .: Jeremy A. Goldbogen, "Scaling of Lunge Feeding Performance in Rorqual Whales: Mass-Specific Energy Expenditure Increases with Body Size and Progressively Limits Diving Capacity," Functional Ecology 26 (2012): 21626.




16


Colin Ware et al., "Shallow and Deep Lunge Feeding of Humpback Whales in Fjords of the West Antarctic Peninsula." Marine Mammal Science 27 (2011): 587605.




17


Ari S. Friedlaender et al., "Three-Dimensional Context Dependence of Divergent Lateralized Feeding Strategies in Blue Whales," Current Biology 27 (2017): R12068.




18


    ,       : Jeremy A. Goldbogen et al., "Underwater Acrobatics by the World's Largest Predator: 360 Rolling Maneuvers by Lunge Feeding Blue Whales", Biology Letters. 9 (2013): 20120986.




19


Jessica F. Lee et al., "Behavior of Satellite-Tracked Antarctic Minke Whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in Relation to Environmental Factors Around the Western Antarctic Peninsula," Animal Biotelemetry 5 (2017): 23.




20


-   ,    . . . .




21


Gregory S. Schorr et al., "First Long-Term Behavioral Records from Cuvier's Beaked Whales (Ziphius cavirostris) Reveal Record-Breaking Dives, PLoS ONE 9 (2014): e92633.




22


,   ,     ,       ,      .            ,     .          : Richard H. Lambertsen, "A Biopsy System for Large Whales and Its Use for Cytogenetics," Journal of Mammalogy 68 (1987): 44345.




23


Kristin Rasmussen et al., "Southern Hemisphere Humpback Whales Wintering off Central America: Insights from Water Temperature into the Longest Mammalian Migration," Biology Letters 3 (2007): 302.




24


               : Stanley Kemp and A. G. Bennett, "On the Distribution and Movements of Whales on the South Georgia and South Shetland Whaling Grounds," Discovery Reports 6 (1932): 16590.




25


   ,      ,    .,  2     . .: Robert C. Rocha Jr. et al., "Emptying the Oceans: A Summary of Industrial Whaling Catches in the 20th Century", Marine Fisheries Review 76 (2014): 3748.




26


Douglas P. Nowacek et al., "Super-aggregations of Krill and Humpback Whales in Wilhelmina Bay, Antarctic Peninsula," PLoS ONE 6 (2011): e19173.




27


Alyson H. Fleming and Jennifer Jackson, "Global Review of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)," NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-474 (2011): 1206.




28


 ,            .    ,     ,        . . . .




29


    : Brent Seewart at al., National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World (New York: Knopf, 2002).      ,  ,      .




30


    ;     ,        ,  ,       ,    XIX. : Carl Safina, Beyond Words: What Animals Think and Feel (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2015).




31


  ,      XIX.       Martin J. S. Rudwick, Earth's Deep History: How It Was Discovered and Why It Matters (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014).




32


James Zachos et al., "Trends, Rhythms, and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present," Science 292 (2001): 68693; and B?rbel H?nisch et al., "The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification," Science 335 (2012): 105863.




33


   ,    ,     30  100      300  ,    .  蠖  . . . .




34


         .       ,        : Philip D. Gingerich, "Evolution of Whales from Land to Sea: Fossils and a Synthesis," in Great Transformations: Essays in Honor of Farish A. Jenkins, ed. K. P. Dial, N. H. Shubin, and E. Brainerd (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), pp. 23956; and J. G. M. Thewissen, The Walking Whales: from Land to Water in Eight Million Years (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014).




35


Philip D. Gingerich et al., "Origin of Whales in Epicontinental Remnant Seas: New Evidence from the Early Eocene of Pakistan," Science 220 (1983): 4036.




36


J.G. M. Thewissen et al., "Fossil Evidence for the Origin of Aquatic Locomotion in Archaeocete Whales," Science 263 (1994): 21011.




37


Philip D. Gingerich et al., "New Protocetid Whale from the Middle Eocene of Pakistan: Birth on Land, Precocial Development, and Sexual Dimorphism," PLoS ONE 4 (2009): e4366.




38


      .: Zhe-Xi Luo and Philip D. Gingerich, "Terrestrial Mesonychia to Aquatic Cetacea: Transformation of the Basicranium and Evolution of Hearing in Whales," University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology, 31 (1999): 198; and J. G. M. Thewissen and Sirpa Nummela, Sensory Evolution on the Threshold: Adaptations in Secondarily Aquatic Vertebrates (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008).




39


         53 ,  50      .    .: Nicholas D. Pyenson, "The Ecological Rise of Whales Chronicled by the Fossil Record," Current Biology 27 (2017): R558R564.




40


   ,       .   ,         : ,         ,     ,   ,         . ,       ,   ,    . .: George G. Simpson, Tempo and Mode in Evolution (New York: Columbia University Press, 1944); and Dolph Schluter, The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000).




41


                ().        .: Neil P. Kelley and Nicholas D. Pyenson, "Evolutionary Innovation and Ecology in Marine Tetrapods from the Triassic to the Anthropocene," Science 301 (2015): aaa3716.




42


  堖     ,     60  . ,    ()   蠖      ,       XIX.    ,      .   .    . . . .




43


,             .         50  .           ,    . .: Daryl P. Domning, "Sirenian Evolution," in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 3rd ed. (Cambridge, MA: 2017), pp. 85659.         .: Annalisa Berta, The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017).




44


Philip D. Gingerich, "Evolution of Whales from Land to Sea," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 156 (2012): 30923.




45


   .: J. G. M. Thewissen, The Walking Whales: From Land to Water in Eight Million Years (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014).




46


        ,   J. G. M. Thewissen and F. E. Fish, "Locomotor Evolution in the Earliest Cetaceans: Functional Model, Modern Analogues, and Paleontological Evidence," Paleobiology 23 (1997): 48290.




47


Philip D. Gingerich, "Evolution of Whales from Land to Sea," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 156 (2012): 30923.


