 
 


    .     .    .    .      ,    ,           .              ,    ,  , ,     ?             ,                       ,     ,    .  ,          ,    ,   .                     ,      .   , ,    -,  ,           XIX,   ,     ,  ,   .       .





 

 



Elizabeth Abbott. A History of Celibacy

Conceil des Arts an Canada



                    .



 1999 by Elizabeth Abbot

 .., , 2016

   ,    , 2016


* * *


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         .        ,         1990.        -  , ,    ,   ,     .  ,  , ,  ,     ,      .           ,        ,    .          [1 -   .    1980.   .    1989.  ,        ,       .  ,     ,      ,          .].

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        .  ,   ,     ,        ,    ,    .             .           ,   ,     ,    ,   .     ,    .          ,     .

     ,    .       -  ,    ,      ,        ,  ,   ,             .    ,         ,   ,     ,        ,     .        :   ![2 -  ..    . .],           ,      .

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           ,     [3 -   򻠖 True Love Waits (TLW):    ,     1993.,               .],   .       ,    .        ,    ,     ,         .

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  ,               ,      .            : ,   ,    .      ,  , ,  ,        .              ,    ,   ,         .

   ,       ,  ,        :    XVIIIXIX.       ,    XIXXX.   ,        .   ,           ,        ,     ,        .     ,       ,   .  ,     ,  ,    ,   ;      , ,   ,  .        ,                   .  , ,    ,         ,       .

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,  ,      ,     .  ,      ,         ,     .      ,   ,        .          ,  -           .  ,     ,     :     ,    . ,        ,        ,       ,          .          XIX.      -,          ,  ,      .

      ,     :  ; XIX.       ;   ,             ;    ,       ,        ;   ,   ,                        ,         .

                 :      .    ,      .     ,            .            ,        .            .        ,   ,    ,          ,      .

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      .      ,    ,  ,      ,      .         ,          -,        .

       ,      ,       .       ,    ;  ,   ;    ,   ;      ,    .           ,       ,       .                 ,   , ,  ,   XVI.   .        ,      -.

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 ,         .   ,                  , ,   ,     .     ,         .              ,     ,         .     ,     ,  .         ,          ,          ,            .

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          ,           ,       .       ,         .         .      ,       ,     ,   .      ,      .  ,               ,   ,       . (    ,     ,   .)




 



[5 - ,        : Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece; Michael Grant and John Hazel, Whos Who in Classical Mythology; R.Graves, The Greek Myths; A.W.Mair (), Callimachus and Lycophron; MaryL.Lefcowitz and Maureen B.Fant, Women in Greek Myth and Culture; Sarah Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves; and William Smith (.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biographies and Mythologies.         . Greece and Rome; Deborah Lyons, Gender and Immortality: Heroines in Ancient]




,   


   ,        ,   ,     ,   ,   , ,    ,          .    ,      .       , ,   .   ,    - ,          ,   ,           ,          .

       ,      .        :  ()  ; ,  ,  , ,  , ,     ;  ()  ;  ()      ;  ()  ;  ()  ,   .    ,        ,     .  ,     ,   .

     (),  ,   ,  ()     ,   ()   ,    ,       ,    ()     .  ,       (),   ,  ,    ,        [6 - Blundell, 33, :           ,      .].

    .   ,       ,  , , ,    ,        ,        .     ,     ,    ,   .             .       ,      , [7 -       ,  .]      ,     ,   .          .

   !      , , ,  ,    :  ,     .    ,   ,             .                ,        .    ,     ,    , ,    ,     ,   ,     .

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 ,     ,   .    , ,   ,  ,          ,         .

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 , ,      -, /      [9 - Eumenides, 736749, 664665, . : Blundell, 28.].      ,           .     ,        .        ,       ,    -,      .     ,        [10 - Graves, 9697.  ,     :  ,      , ,       ;  ,   ,       ,     ,     .].  ,         ,   ,          .

 ,     ,         .      ,    ,   ,        ,     ,   . (     ,     .)

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          ,       .          ,  . ,     ,       .  ,   ,   ,          .    ,              .        , ,           ,            .

     ,     .          [13 - Lyons, 91. ,  ,    ,    ,   . ,     .]. (     ,   ,      ,     .)       ,        .

      .      ,  ,  ,    ,               .   ,    ,       .

            ,  ,    .           ,     ,      [14 -                ,     . Blundell, 29.].              .

              ,         .          ,   ,          ,  .   ,      , , ,    ,       ,     ,     ,  , ,    .

             ,      .       ,       . ,            ,               .        ,     ,  :          ,         ,  .

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    ,      ,      .     ,    ,  ,         :       /  ,      [15 - , ; . ..   : Blundell, 29, .  .].                      .   -        ,  ,     ,       .

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  ,      ,    .   ,    ,  ,    .            ,   ,      [16 -           .]  ,         .

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       .     ,    .     ,  , ,    ,  ,   ,             .        ,              ,      ,           ,   .

         .          ,      ,   


 .  ,        .    ,    ,       -,    .           ,  ,         ,    .

  ,     ,          ,   ,       .         ,        ,        .       ,   ,     .    ,      ,         ,    ,    ,    .

        ,       ,       .    ,          ,     ,     ,      ,   .                  .       ,        ,     .        .

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             .           ,  ,  ,     ,  ,   ,         .     ,   ,    .    -   ;   ,     .     ,      ,      ,     .     ,    .  , ,    .   ,   , ,   ,   ![18 - Smith, 166168.].     .      ,   ,    ,       .      ,    .

                 ,        ;    ,  ,     ,   ;      ,    ,   .   ,   ,   ,   .

             .    ,      ,   ,    .     ,   ,   ,     ,     .     .     ,       ,     .

                  ,    ,       .     ,      ,    ,  .          .     ,      ,    ,     .   ,      [19 - Grant and Hazel, Sibylla or Sibyl.].

    -  ,  ,       ,   .       ,          ,        .   ,       ,       .    ,    .

       ,                 ,  ,    ,   ,  ,       .     ,    ,               .         ,   .     ,        ,            ,    ,        .




 





  


[20 -         Gilbert Murray.     : Plato ( R.Waterfield), Symposium; and F.I.Zeitlen, Playing the Other.]

    ,    ,     .     ,          ,       ,        .          ,   .     ,    , ,   :     ,      ,   [21 - Plato, 2030.].

   ,  , ,       :   ,  ,  [22 -   : , ; . ..].  :

		      
		 ,  ,
		  
		   ,
		    .
		     ,
		     
		    
		     
		   .  
		      ,
		  [23 - Euripides, 45.]

       ,     ,         , -,    ,     ,          ,    .      ,       :

		 !    ?
		      
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		    !   
		  ,   
		 ,  
		   , 
		   .  ,  
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		 ,   [24 - Euripides, 3435.].

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		<>      :
		   ,
		    ,
		    
		   .
		   ,
		   
		   ,
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		, ,  
		  , , [25 - Euripides, 9.].

     ,     ,    ,    .         ,      .    ,       ,    ,     .         ,      ,     .

          ,       , ,   ,  .      :    ,   /  ,  ,   / ,      /         [26 -  , 52.].       ,  ,     , ,    .    ,             .            :   /   ,   /    : /  ,   , /    , /   [27 -  , 67.].

     : ! ! / -   [28 -  , 72.].   ,  ,       ,    ,  ,   .  ,    ,             .

           ?          ,            ,      .           ,      ,         ,      ,     .        . ,         ,      ,   .

        :  ,       / .    , /       , /   ,     , /     .   / ,  ,   [29 - Euripides, 14.].     ,       ,    ,            ,      [30 -        . ,   ,    .  ,     ,     .    ,           .].




 


[31 -       : Three Plays by Aristophanes ( Jeffrey Henderson).     : R.L.Fowler, How the Lysistrata Works; and Aline Rousselle ( Felicia Pheasant), Porneia.]

                ,            .           ,  ,    ,       - ,   ,     .

    ,      ,     -,       , , ,    [32 -   : . ; . ..].

		    ,
		    ,
		  , ,   ,
		   ,
		    ,  .
		,  ,   .

    .   !    !  .     .    !   ,  ![33 -        ,  !  :  ,     .]

   , , !  [34 -       .].      : /      [35 -           : /       :     ,      .].

          : , , , /      , /    !    .

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		  ,  ,  
		  .
		     ,
		  , ,
		     ,
		     .

    ,     .     :     !        .         ,            ,           - ,  ,  ,    .         ,  .

    .  , !    ! / !     !   ,       .

		 !    !
		,   .
		,       ?
		,    ,  .
		     ?
		  ![36 -       :    ?    ? /      ,   ! /       ? /      .]

        .   ,     .  ,     ,   :  !      ,    ,      , .

    .       ,           .    ,          :  ,    .      [37 -        ,  404.  ..].       ,      .

   .     ,          ,            .       ,       ,       .  , ,     ,       ,    ,   .    ,       , , ,     ,        ,    [38 - Fowler, 245249.].

        ,     .    ,    ,        ,     ,     ,                 .   ,  ,   ,     ,        .                ,      ,   .   ,  ,       ,  -     [39 - Dover, 159.].   ,    ,    ,      .          ?  ,     !

          ,    .    ,        .    ,      .    !   !     ;       :   , ! /  [40 -       : , ,  ,  ,  ,     .].   / .   [41 -       : , ,   <   bush   ,      >  .],  -.     ,  :   , . /      [42 -        (woman of substance) :  .            :  ,  ,   .].

       ,    ,      .            ,     ,  ,    :  ,    腻[43 -       :            .].               ,     .      ,            , /     [44 -       :         ,     ,    . Lysistrata,  114115. Rousselle, 65, ,          .].   ,    ,    ,             .




 








[45 -         : Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece; Babette Stanley Spaexl, The Roman Goddess Ceres; and H.S.Versnel, Transitonal Reversal in Myth and Ritual.]

            .          ,      ,      [46 -    ,   ().],      -,            .                    .     ,       .      [47 -          .],      ,         ,   .

    ,           ( ).      ,        ,     .     ,     .       ,     , ,  ,   [48 -           .].          .        .

    ,   .          ,      ,      .         ,    ,       ,      .

 ,  ,                ,    .     . ,        .       ,        ,          . ,          .           ,       .

  ,    .      ,       .    ,           ,      .        ,          ,               ,  ,     .       ,       ,        ,      ,   .

     ,        , -       .         ,   ,      ,       ,    .               .

      ,            ,           ;  ;      ;       ,   ;       ,   ,     .        ,           ,          .      , ,           ,    ,   ,     .  ,     ,       ,        ,          .     ,                        .            .




 


  ,      ,  ,  .   ,   ,        -.           ,               ,     ,     .              ,        .  , ,     ,   .          ,       .         ,       .

    ,    , ,    ,      ,                  .               .          .     ,    ,      ,   ,      ,       ,      .

     ,     ,                 , ,     .       , ,        ,    ,         -,    .

,  ,   .   ,    ,    ,            ,      .             ,        ,      ,     .




 


[49 -     ,      : Apuleius (. J.G.Griffiths), The Isis Book; Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece; Walter Burkert, Ancient Mystery Cults; Michael Grant and John Hazel, Whos Who in Classical Mythology; Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, Vol. I; Sharon Kelly Hoyeb, The Cult of Isis Among Women in the Graeko-Roman World; Robin Fox Lane, Pagans and Christians; Ovid, Amores, in Diane J.Rayer  William W.Batshaws (.) Latin Lyric and Elegiac Poetry: An Anthology of New Translations; Robert Parker, Miasma; Propertius (. G.P.Goold), Elegies; William Smith (.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biographies and Mythology, Vol. III; Tibullus ( J.P.Postgate), Tibullus; and Marina Warner, Alone of All Her Sex.]

        ,     - .   [50 -            .],    ,      ,          .      ,      .

         ,       .       ,  ,        ,          ,   ,    ,      ,    .           .

       ,      :  ;   ,        ; ,     ,         .        .

    ,     ,     ,      .       ,  ,    .          .    ,     ,  ,    ,      .

 ,   ,   ,  ,      .              .  ,    ,     ,         .         ,  ,     ,      .

      , ,   ,  .            ,         .        ,      .

    ,       .        :         [51 - . ,   ,  ; . ..   : Apuleius, 93.].        ,  ,             .

		     , ?
		   ,      ,  
		 ,   
		       ?[52 - Tibullus, 207.]

       :      !  :        :       .            !     :     ,      ?[53 - Propertius, 219, 235.]

,    ,      : - ,         ,      ,       ? ,    , :       , ,  ,         ?[54 - Ovid, 493, 495.]

   ,       ,       ,      ,   ,              .                  .           ,        ,             .     ,   ,      ,          ,       ,     ,  .      ,            .




 


       ,          . , , ,  ,    ,     ,          [55 - Blundell, 160.          .].        ,                   -   :       ?,        :    -  ?        [56 -      VI.  ..].          [57 -     ,    .]. ,  ,     ,    .       .  ,     ,          ,    .    ,     ,  .

    ,    ,      .     ,   ,    ,  ,       ,   ,    .             .

     ,   ,      ,  ,        ,      ,     ,       ,    ,  .           ,   ,   .       .      ,      ,        ,      ,    .  ,    ,         ,       .




 


 -    -,           ,    .        ,    .    ,    ,          .       ,   ,   ,    .              ,    .  -     ,     ,      .     ,    ,      .

         .         ,    ,   .        , ,    ,   . !         ,  .    ,      .             ,    .  ,      .

     ,      ,   ,   ,   ,       ,         .   :   ,             .  ,    ,   ,    ,         ,       .

,        ,     .          ,       .      ()  ,   ,     .           ,   ,       .                 .   ,  -           .          .

               .      ,    [58 - Parker, 7780,                ,   , ,  .].     ,      .  ,      ,   .   ,       ,         .

  ,       .    ,      ,      ,       .     ,     ,    .        ,    ,      ,   ,       .      ,     .

      .  , ,    ,       ,    ,     .     ,        ,        .      ,     ,           .             ,     .        ,        .

 , ,       ,      , , ,   ,    ,     ,       .







[59 -     : J. P.V.D.Balsdon, Roman Women: Their History and Habits; Mary Beard, The Sexual Status of Vestal Virgins; Richard Cavendish, (..), Man, Myth & Magic: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mythology, Religion and the Unknown, Vol. II; Jane F.Gardner, The Legendary Past: Roman Myths; Judith P.Hallett, Fathers and Daughters in Roman Society; Mary R.Lefkowitz and Maureen B.Fant, Women in Greece and Rome; E.Royston Pike, Love in Ancient Rome; Herbert Jennings Rose, Ancient Roman Religion; and Paul Schilling, Vesta, in the Encyclopedia of Religion.]

       ,             .

        ,         ,       ,             ,  .

    /       .  ,    ,         ,          .    ,            ,       .

     Aedes Vestae[60 - Aedes Vestae (.)  .]     ,    .           ,        .   , ,   - ,        .

            ,    .     .     ,         ,     . ,     ,        .          rex sacrorum  ,  : Vigilasne rex? Vigila!  , ? !,    ,    [61 - Schilling, 251.     vigilo    .  ,    Mary Beard    ,      ,      ,    ,   ,      ,   ,         .].

           ,  .      ,       .     :          ,    ,     ,         .

    Pontifex Maximum             .    ,      .  ,  ,       ,      !     ,   ,   ,        : Te, amata, capio! , , !       .

      .         ,      .      (patria potestas),        .          ,    , ,  ,       .

         .      ,          ?     ,   ,  ?        (Virgo Vestalis Maxima)    ,    ,    ?[62 -            ,    .]

   .          :        ,       ,  ,        ,  .   ,    ,    :    ,   ,    . , ,      ,           ,   ,   ,                 ,      .     ,                 ,   ,   .  ,  -   , ,  ,    [63 -       ,    ,         .].

              ,       .           ,       .   ,     ,                Campus Sceleratus   .

   ,           .             .  ,    ,  .     .      ,     ,  ,  ,    .

       ,        ,       .        ,      ,      .   ,    ,       .

         ,   ,  -       ,    , ,     ,   .         ,     ,         .            ,      .

      ,          .      ,   ,       .        .  -   ,      .      ,        .      ,       ,       .

         ?      ,   ,       .     ,              ,   ,     .            .  ,       ,     .              ,      .    - ,             .

   ,      .           [64 - Balsdon, 238239, , , ,        ,       ,       ,    ,  ,    .  ,    .  Balsdon     ,     ,      ,   .].     ,  ,   ,   .      ,    .        ,       ,               .            .       , ,    ,        ,       .      ,         .        -  [65 -  ,       ,  ,  .      , ,       ,     .     ,  ,    ,   .].

     .   ,    ,   ,  :      ,         ? ,     ,     ,     ,    .       ,     ,  ,   ,   ,      [66 - Balsdon, 241242.].

      .     , ,    ,       .       ,  ,     ,     ,       :   , .    ,  : /      . /   ,       : /,   ,   [67 - . ; . ...].    ,     ,    .  ,         ,    ,   ,  .           ,    .

        ,   :         -      - ,  -       .  ,         .  216.  ..            ,    .       , ,       ,       .                 [68 -  , 240.      II. ..        ,       .           .  83  90. ..   ,      .    ,    .].

         .     ,        ,         .     ,     ,           .   215.       .      ,    ,            .

   , ,  ,  ,        .  ,        ,   394.                     .

        ,     .       ,        .    ,        ,    ,        .




   





  


[69 -     : VernL.Bullough, Sexual Variance in History, Kenneth J.Dover, Classical Greek Attitudes to Sexual Behaviour; Kenneth J.Dover, Greek Popular Morality in the time of Plato and Aristotle; Sarah B.Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves; Pythagoras ( R.S.Guthrie), The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library; and Ute Ranke-Heinemann, Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven.]

 -          .  ,    ,    ,    ,  ,  .    ,    ,     .    ,   ,     ,     ,     ,      .

, ,   VI  V.  ..,   ,        .      ,      ,     ,     ,       .             ,    .      ,       ,   .

  ,  ,        ,         ,   ,          .            ,  , ,   :     ,    ,     ,     .          - ,      .             ,       .

   ,       :   ,   ,    ;   ,  ,    .            .           ,    ,      .

          ,       .             , ,     ,   ,  . ,     ,       ,  :       ,  ?[70 - Ranke-Heinemenn, 329.]

  ,           ,     ,       ,   - ,   ,  ,        .   ,   ,      ,         .

            .              ,  ,       .               .       ,      .        ,      ,   ,   ,     .

            :  , ,          ?    : , ,       ,     ,          [71 - Plato, BookI, 11.].

   ,        ,  ,    ,     ,    .     , ,     ,      ,   ,           .

      .         ,     ,        .    ,  ,   ,    [72 -           ,              .].   :



     ,   .             .   ,   ,   [73 - Bullough, 166.    .       .].


   , ,   ,    ,   .

            ,         ,      ,             ,   . (       ,    ,     ,       .)      ,     ,  ,   .              ,        .




   


[74 -     : David Flusser ( Carol Glucker), The Spiritual History of the Dead Sea Sect; Duncan Howlett, The Essens and Christianity: An Interpretation of the Dead Sea Scrolls.]

   ,    ,          .      ,       .     ,       ,    .           .        .     ,   ,  ,           . (     ,    ,     .)[75 - Flusser, 1113.]

            ,        ,       .      .       ,      ,  ,   ,     ,     . (   ,     , ,       .     ,    ,   ,  .)      ,        .

                .    ,   ,  .    ,      ,              .  ,       ,    ,     .  , ,       ,  ,   .

     .         ,    ,      .  ,      ,    .   ,   ,         ,        .     ,        .            ,               .              .

       ,      ,        .         ,     ,    .           ,    .        ,  , ,    ,     .      .

     , , ,           ,     . ,     ,       .              , ,  -      ,   ,  ,          [76 - Flusser, 3132.]. ,        ,    ,      [77 - Howlett, 90,   ,       ; ,     ,       .].

      ,    ,   ,   ,   .          ,       .     ,         . ,    ,          .             ,  ,   ,  ,    [78 - Flusser, 5256.      ,            .].

          -  ,  ,    ,          .      ;   ,           ;      ;     ;   ;      ;  ; ,  ,                 .

   ,     ,   ,       ,   ,      .                 , ,     ,         .    ,             ,                .




 2

 





   

   

 

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[79 -     : Peter Brown, The Body and Society; John Bugge, Virginitas; Robin Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians; Manuela Dunn-Mascetti, Saints: The Chosen Few; Holy Bible NSRV; and Joyse E.Salisbury, Church Fathers, Independent Virgins.]

         ,   ,     , .     ,       ,              ,             .     ,   ,  ,    .           ?     ,        .

 ,   ,      .      ,   , ,     ,    ,        .     .

 ,           . , ,  ,  ,      ,   , ,        . , ,   , ,                 .            .         -,     ,           [80 - I:1819.].

     ,   ,  ,     ,   .        : ,  !    ,  ;        [81 -  , I:20.].        :  ,       (    ,     ). ,    ,   ,      [82 -  , I:2021.].   ,       .       ,   ,            ,       .    ,    ,  .        [83 -  , I:25.],      ,      .

 ,    ,     .                  ,    ,         .   ,  -        ,            .            .   ,    : ,    ,   ,    : ,  :  [84 -  , I:23.].

 .     .           ,        , ,            .         .

      .      ,          ,   .       .  ,      ,       ,    ,   [85 -  26:2.].   ,    ,         ,           ,    ,      .

,  ,    .         ,         .           ,        . , ,   ,   ,          ,    ,    ; ,         [86 -  , 28:1920.].          .

  ,   ,   ,       ,    .             ,       .  ,   ,  ?           .

  , - ,  ,      .       ,   -,    ,                        .

           . , ,           ,      .         :



  ,      ;  ,    ;  ,        .   ,  [87 -  19:12.].


       .                 .   ,       ,   III.,        .

         , , ,                .     ?   ,       ?          .      ,     ,  ,                ,      ;     ,    .

                 ,      ,    . ,        , - ,       , ,         - .       .      ?  .        :      ;      ,   ,  ,  [88 - Mark 3:31. ,  ,       - ,         . ,  ,       .].

       ,       ;                 ,     .     ,                 ,    .  ,   ,            ,   [89 - Salisbury, 113.].

    ,    ,     , ,   ,     .        ,      .       ,           ,             .  ,  ,   ,      .          .

       ,  ,      ,     ,      ,     .        ,         ,   ,  ,   ,  .   -           :   ,           ,    [90 - , 3:3.].     -   .    , ,         ,    ?   ,              .         .

   ,         .                .  ,       ,    ,         , :       ;    ;     ,      [91 -  , 3:16.].

      :      ,     ,       ,     :    ;           .      ;    .       ᅻ[92 -  , 3:3.1819.].                 :   ,    [93 -  , 3:19.].          ,    ,   ,   .    ,   ,      [94 - Genesis 2:1525, 3:124.].




   


[95 -       : Robin Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians, 419612.  ,  : Dunn-Mascetti, Saints: The Chosen Few.]

   ,        ,     .           ,   ,       .           ,       .  III.      ,        .  ,     ,      ,   ,    ;     ;  ;  ,      ,   ;  ,    .    - ,      [96 - Fox, 425.].      ,   , :     ,      ,    .

          .     ,    ,      .      ,       ,   .   ,             ,       , ,  ,    ,  .           ,         ,   [97 - Fox, 456.   ,                , ,        .         ,        ,    .].

   ,  ,       (249251.)     (284305.)    .          ,  -          .   < >   ,    ?         ,     :         , ?[98 -  , 421.]

     :      ,   ,         .              ,     ,      .

        23  303.,      ,     .         ,   ,    ,    ,   ,        .     ,    ,   ,  ,       .

      ,     , ,   ,     .   ,     ,     .       ,   ,      ,  ,   ,   ,        ,    ,   ,   ,    .

    -.       ;       ,     ,     ,     .      ,           ,        :    ,     ,      [99 - Fox, 439.].      ,      .

          :



,         ! ,       .   ,      ,   ,       .     ,   [100 -  , 39.].


 ,   ,   ,   ,      .  ,    ,  ,     ,        [101 -  , 443.].       . ,          ,       ,    .

    ,    .           .    ,       ,    .       ,    .        ,         , < >         ,    ,    ,    [102 - Fox, 440.].        ,    ,    ,         ;   : ,   ,    .   ,             -.

        ,     ,    ,   ,    ,   . ,      ,     ,   .     ,   ,       ,      ,  .     313.,  .     [103 -           (     ),       .],         ,      .      .

      ,         .            ,    ,    .    ,   ,    ,  ,            ,     .

     ,       .      ,     ,  ,  ,  ,        .      .




 


[104 -     : Ambrose, Concerning Virgins, Nicene Fathers, Vol. X; Peter Brown, The Body and Society; Peter Brown, Bodies and Minds: Sexuality and Renunciation in Early Christianity; Peter Brown, The Notion of Virginity in the Early Church; John Bugge, Virginitas; VernL.Bullough, Sexual Variance in Society and History; John Chrysostom, On Virginity; Saint Cyprian, Treatises; Holy Bible NSRV; Jerome, Post Nicene Fathers, Vol. VI; Joyce Salisbury, Church Fathers, Independent Virgins; Tertullian ( S.Thelwall), One Exhortation to Chastity, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. IV (Online).]

      ,    ,     ,       .          .        ,    ,   ,       ,  ,      . , , , :



< >       ,     ,   ,    .    ,    ;    ,     ,       [105 - Jerome, To Eustochium, 25.].


    ,    ,                      .         .

     ,  ,  ,     ,         ,   ,  ,  ,   ,   .       ,     ,        ,  (    )      ,   .           :   ,   <> ,      [106 - Jerome, Against Jovinian, 386.]. ,    ,  ,      ,     ,    :          ,     [107 -  , 14.].

,     ,     ,   ,    ,      ,       .     ,   ,    ,   . ,   ,    ,           ,    .  ,          [108 - Corinthians 1, 6:13, 7:2 and 7:7.].       ,            [109 -  ,     ,          , Bugge, 529.]   ,   ,    ,     ,   [110 - Jerome, Against Jovinian, 374.].

      ,      ,   .     ,    ,   ,   ,    258.[111 - Saint Cyprian, Treatises, Ch. 22, 50.]    :    .   ,   , ; ,   , [112 - Ambrose, Concerning Virgins, Vol. , BookI (Online).].            ,          ,         .

               ,   ,         .              ,   ,     ,    .    ,       ,   ,   ,          [113 - Jerome, To Eustochium, 35.].

        ,      :       ,       ;     ,   ,   [114 -  , 18.].

   ,     ,          ,   ,    .     :         ,         ;   ,    ;  ,   ,    ;           ,   [115 - Jerome, Against Jovinian, 367.].

,    ,      ,     ,           .                ,      ,       ,     .

  ,        ,    ,  :  ,  .  , ,     .           ,       : <  >    , , , , .     [116 - Jerome, Against Helvidius, 344.]. , ,   ,    .

 ,   ,  ,   ,     .     ,             .    .:     ;  ,    ,    [117 - . : Bullough, 160.].

    ,  ,                    .  II., ,    ,        .

  ,  ,     ,           .                  .    ,    ,     [118 - Chrysostom, 73.1.6.].   ,       ,        ;  ,        ,  .     ,      ,       ?  [119 - Brown, Bodies and Minds, 482.].     ,       ,      ?

    -  .  ,  ,             ,            .  ,            ,          .      ,       ,    ,   .      .                .    ,           ,        .  ,               .

    ,     ,           .         ,    ,       ,    .                 .

 ,  ,     ,      -,       ,      .  ,      ,      .       ,    .             .      [120 -          .   ,             . Brown, The Notion of Virginity in the Early Church, 427.].

   ,            .    ,    ,      IV.[121 -  , 427.]  ,     ,   ,       .   , ,    ,        . ,   ,     ,     ,          .

              ,       ,       .     ,     ,   ,      ,           .      ,   ,  ,    ,   [122 -     ,     ,      .      / .]   , , ,           ,   .

 ,          ,     ,   ,   ,    ,  ,      ,           ,      ,  .        ,   ,       ,      . , ,     ;       .

                 ,  ,               .               ,              .

           ,         .              .           ?       ,        .

       ,   ,     ,           .      ,   ,             ,     ,       .    ,    ,      .




 ?     


[123 -     : Vern Bullough, Sexual Variance in Society and History; The Catechism of the Catholic Church; John McHugh, The Mother of Jesus in the New Testament; Ute Ranke-Heinemann, Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven; Jane Smith  Yvonne Haddad, The Virgin Mary in Islamic Tradition and Commentary; and Marina Warner, Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and the Cult of the Virgin Mary.]

            ,      .      ,     ,     ,    .          ,        ,        .            .      ,           ,     .          ,    ,     ,  ,         ,   ,     .   ,       , ,         .

       ,    - ,   .      ,  ,   ,    .  ,              .

  ,   ,     ,                      .  ,         : ,    ,   ,    : [124 -  7:14.],     ,    ,        , ,    .

       ,     , ,  , ,   .      ,    ,           .       ,    , ,   - ,   ,   -  .  ,  1854.,  IX      ex cathedra[125 - Ex cathedra (.)             .],               .

 II.           , ,  .   ,      ,    ,              .    ,      ,         ,      ,      ,       .           .

    ?         :   ;   ;      (   )[126 - -,     ,    :        ,        ,   ;        ;     .].    ? :        ,    ;    ;       .

     ,    IV.     VIII.,        ,    ,   .  XVII.  ,  ,    ,     ,     ,   ,     ,  .     virginitas ante partum[127 - Virginitas ante partum (.)   .].

,             ,    ,  ,     .          ,        . ,      , ,            .   ,   ,      ,  ,         .    II.     .

  ,     ,     .      ,      .  ,     ,   ,       .

              , virginitas in partu.        .  ,   , -    .   ,  ,    ,    : , ,       :      .      :    ,          ,  ,   .         .         ,    ,       :   ,     .        [128 - .  .   . (    ). .].  , ,    .          ,   -   ,    [129 - Rasnke-Heinemann, 343344, . :   . Rasnke-Heinemann ,         .   ,     ,   II.,   ,  ,  .].

  ,    ,     ,      .         ,    virginitas in partu  .   IV.        ,   , ,      ,    .        ,      .       ,        .

    .       ,     .   ,      :



       ,          ,  ,   ,      ,     ,    [130 - Rasnke-Heinemann, 5, .       , 392.].


      .      ,        ,    ,     ,    ,     .    ,  , ,       .         ?     ,             .

  ,   .              [131 - McHugh, 200201.        .   ,   ,   , ,    .].       ?       , ,       ,  ,         ,   ,  .

       .      ? ,   ,    ,  .          !      ,          !   ,  ,      ,    .       ? ,      . , ,       [132 - Warner, 23; McHugh, 200201, 223225.].

          ;     ,     .      .           ,  ? , ,  ,   :          ;       ,    ,  .    ?       ,   ,  ,   ,      ,     .  ,           .

       XII.   ,         ,  ,  ,    . ,     ,       :          [133 - Bugge, 110, 150154.].  1854.  IX    , :                [134 - IX,   Ineffabilis Deus.].

            IX,  .  ,             .          ,        .   ,  ,   ,   ,   ,  [135 - St.Augustine,  186, . : The Catechism of the Catholic Church.].     1964.                     .        .

        ,    ,   .

    ,  ;         .         ,     ,   ,     ,   ,      .   ,  ,    ,        .    ,           ,     :  .

         ,      ,        .  ,   ,        ,   , ,    . ,   ,   ,    ,          .   ,      ,       ,      ,         .  ,          ,      ,       ,  ,        .

,     ,    ,   ,       .      ,   ,  ,   .      .  ,  ,    ,  ,    ,          .           .   -    ,   ,       .

         ,                   ,     . , ,            ,    ? ,     ,      ,        ,    ,        ,     ,         .                    ,         ,    ,           .

        ,       ,        .          ,          ,        ,      .      ,    ,    ,     . ,      ,  ,       ,    .

    ,         ,   -,                 .     ,    ,     ,  ,   : , ,   .        :        ;    ,   ;     ;    .        ,           ,  .




    


[136 -     : Acts of Judas Thomas ( Klijn); Acts of the Holy Apostle Thomas, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. VIII (Online); Peter Brown, Bodies and Minds; Peter Brown, The Body and Society; John Bugge, Virginitas; Vern L.Bullough, Sexual Variance in Society and History; Minucius Felix ( G.H.Rendall), Octavius; E.Henneche  W.Schneemelcher, New Testament Apocrypha; Holy Bible NSRV; The Interpretation of Knowledge ( L.D.Turner), Nag Hammadi Codices, XI; W.Schneemelcher (.), Acts of John; Sophia of Jesus Christ ( M.Parrott), Nag Hammadi Codices, III; Tatian ( J.E.Ryland), Address of Tatian to the Greeks, Vol. III, Chapter XV, (Online); and Tertullian Concerning Virginity (Online).]

          , ,        :      ,    .           [137 -      , ,          ,   ,        .]  [138 -  (   񻠖 ,  , )  , ,     ,      .  ,          ,    .            .].          ,           [139 -   ,      .  II.       .].

,       ,      enkrateia  ,    .               [140 - Acts of the Holy Apostle Thomas, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. VIII (Online).],        . , ,   .

           ,      .        ,    ,      .     ,  ,     .   ,     [141 -      :       .],          .    :            .      ,     ,     [142 - Origins of the World, Nag Hammadi Codices, II, 5:109, . : Brown, The Body and Society, 94.].      :           ;   ,    ,     ,       ;     ![143 - Ecclesiastes 3:19.]

         .    ,        ,         ,      [144 - Henneche and Schneemelcher, . : Acts of Andrew 5, 2:410.].           .     ,  ,   ,       ,       .   :        ,          ,         [145 - Tatian, Address of Tatian to the Greeks, Ch. 15, Vol. III (Online).].

    ,      .              .          ,           .               ,  .

       ,               [146 -     220. ,    .].  ,    ,    ,       :



    <  >          < >    ,     <>  .


  ,    ,      ,  ,   ,      :



< > ,    ,    .      :     ,  ,  ,   ,    ,     .


     :



,   ,   ,  ,            ,    ,   ,   ,  ,  ,    ,   ,       ,   [147 -    .   . .].


        ,    .         ,   ,   ,  ,     [148 - Acts of Thomas 2 and 13, 7071, 111, 115, 126127.].

               ,    ,         .  ,       .          ,           ,   , ,    .    ,   ,  ,    [149 -  , 88, 101.].

         ,      ,      .         ,         -.    ,        ,    ,         ,     .

  gnosis -   廠       .      [150 -    ,       144.       .],     ,              ,     .        .    ,     ,     ,   ,      [151 - . : Bullough, 184.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/elizabet-ebbot/istoriya-celibata/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  .    1980.   .    1989.  ,        ,       .  ,     ,      ,          .




2


 ..    . .




3


  򻠖 True Love Waits (TLW):    ,     1993.,               .




4


           .




5


,        : Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece; Michael Grant and John Hazel, Whos Who in Classical Mythology; R.Graves, The Greek Myths; A.W.Mair (), Callimachus and Lycophron; MaryL.Lefcowitz and Maureen B.Fant, Women in Greek Myth and Culture; Sarah Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves; and William Smith (.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biographies and Mythologies.         . Greece and Rome; Deborah Lyons, Gender and Immortality: Heroines in Ancient




6


Blundell, 33, :           ,      .




7


      ,  .




8


, ; . . .




9


Eumenides, 736749, 664665, . : Blundell, 28.




10


Graves, 9697.  ,     :  ,      , ,       ;  ,   ,       ,     ,     .




11


    ,        .




12


Mair, 61.




13


Lyons, 91. ,  ,    ,    ,   . ,     .




14


               ,     . Blundell, 29.




15


, ; . ..   : Blundell, 29, .  .




16


          .




17


,   ; . ...   : Pomeroy, 6, . ,  5: .




18


Smith, 166168.




19


Grant and Hazel, Sibylla or Sibyl.




20


        Gilbert Murray.     : Plato ( R.Waterfield), Symposium; and F.I.Zeitlen, Playing the Other.




21


Plato, 2030.




22


  : , ; . ..




23


Euripides, 45.




24


Euripides, 3435.




25


Euripides, 9.




26


 , 52.




27


 , 67.




28


 , 72.




29


Euripides, 14.




30


       . ,   ,    .  ,     ,     .    ,           .




31


      : Three Plays by Aristophanes ( Jeffrey Henderson).     : R.L.Fowler, How the Lysistrata Works; and Aline Rousselle ( Felicia Pheasant), Porneia.




32


  : . ; . ..




33


       ,  !  :  ,     .




34


      .




35


          : /       :     ,      .




36


      :    ?    ? /      ,   ! /       ? /      .




37


       ,  404.  ..




38


Fowler, 245249.




39


Dover, 159.




40


      : , ,  ,  ,  ,     .




41


      : , ,   <   bush   ,      >  .




42


       (woman of substance) :  .            :  ,  ,   .




43


      :            .




44


      :         ,     ,    . Lysistrata,  114115. Rousselle, 65, ,          .




45


        : Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece; Babette Stanley Spaexl, The Roman Goddess Ceres; and H.S.Versnel, Transitonal Reversal in Myth and Ritual.




46


   ,   ().




47


         .




48


          .




49


    ,      : Apuleius (. J.G.Griffiths), The Isis Book; Sue Blundell, Women in Ancient Greece; Walter Burkert, Ancient Mystery Cults; Michael Grant and John Hazel, Whos Who in Classical Mythology; Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, Vol. I; Sharon Kelly Hoyeb, The Cult of Isis Among Women in the Graeko-Roman World; Robin Fox Lane, Pagans and Christians; Ovid, Amores, in Diane J.Rayer  William W.Batshaws (.) Latin Lyric and Elegiac Poetry: An Anthology of New Translations; Robert Parker, Miasma; Propertius (. G.P.Goold), Elegies; William Smith (.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biographies and Mythology, Vol. III; Tibullus ( J.P.Postgate), Tibullus; and Marina Warner, Alone of All Her Sex.




50


           .




51


. ,   ,  ; . ..   : Apuleius, 93.




52


Tibullus, 207.




53


Propertius, 219, 235.




54


Ovid, 493, 495.




55


Blundell, 160.          .




56


     VI.  ..




57


    ,    .




58


Parker, 7780,                ,   , ,  .




59


    : J. P.V.D.Balsdon, Roman Women: Their History and Habits; Mary Beard, The Sexual Status of Vestal Virgins; Richard Cavendish, (..), Man, Myth & Magic: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mythology, Religion and the Unknown, Vol. II; Jane F.Gardner, The Legendary Past: Roman Myths; Judith P.Hallett, Fathers and Daughters in Roman Society; Mary R.Lefkowitz and Maureen B.Fant, Women in Greece and Rome; E.Royston Pike, Love in Ancient Rome; Herbert Jennings Rose, Ancient Roman Religion; and Paul Schilling, Vesta, in the Encyclopedia of Religion.




60


Aedes Vestae (.)  .




61


Schilling, 251.     vigilo    .  ,    Mary Beard    ,      ,      ,    ,   ,      ,   ,         .




62


           ,    .




63


      ,    ,         .




64


Balsdon, 238239, , , ,        ,       ,       ,    ,  ,    .  ,    .  Balsdon     ,     ,      ,   .




65


 ,       ,  ,  .      , ,       ,     .     ,  ,    ,   .




66


Balsdon, 241242.




67


. ; . ...




68


 , 240.      II. ..        ,       .           .  83  90. ..   ,      .    ,    .




69


    : VernL.Bullough, Sexual Variance in History, Kenneth J.Dover, Classical Greek Attitudes to Sexual Behaviour; Kenneth J.Dover, Greek Popular Morality in the time of Plato and Aristotle; Sarah B.Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves; Pythagoras ( R.S.Guthrie), The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library; and Ute Ranke-Heinemann, Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven.




70


Ranke-Heinemenn, 329.




71


Plato, BookI, 11.




72


          ,              .




73


Bullough, 166.    .       .




74


    : David Flusser ( Carol Glucker), The Spiritual History of the Dead Sea Sect; Duncan Howlett, The Essens and Christianity: An Interpretation of the Dead Sea Scrolls.




75


Flusser, 1113.




76


Flusser, 3132.




77


Howlett, 90,   ,       ; ,     ,       .




78


Flusser, 5256.      ,            .




79


    : Peter Brown, The Body and Society; John Bugge, Virginitas; Robin Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians; Manuela Dunn-Mascetti, Saints: The Chosen Few; Holy Bible NSRV; and Joyse E.Salisbury, Church Fathers, Independent Virgins.




80


I:1819.




81


 , I:20.




82


 , I:2021.




83


 , I:25.




84


 , I:23.




85


 26:2.




86


 , 28:1920.




87


 19:12.




88


Mark 3:31. ,  ,       - ,         . ,  ,       .




89


Salisbury, 113.




90


, 3:3.




91


 , 3:16.




92


 , 3:3.1819.




93


 , 3:19.




94


Genesis 2:1525, 3:124.




95


      : Robin Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians, 419612.  ,  : Dunn-Mascetti, Saints: The Chosen Few.




96


Fox, 425.




97


Fox, 456.   ,                , ,        .         ,        ,    .




98


 , 421.




99


Fox, 439.




100


 , 39.




101


 , 443.




102


Fox, 440.




103


          (     ),       .




104


    : Ambrose, Concerning Virgins, Nicene Fathers, Vol. X; Peter Brown, The Body and Society; Peter Brown, Bodies and Minds: Sexuality and Renunciation in Early Christianity; Peter Brown, The Notion of Virginity in the Early Church; John Bugge, Virginitas; VernL.Bullough, Sexual Variance in Society and History; John Chrysostom, On Virginity; Saint Cyprian, Treatises; Holy Bible NSRV; Jerome, Post Nicene Fathers, Vol. VI; Joyce Salisbury, Church Fathers, Independent Virgins; Tertullian ( S.Thelwall), One Exhortation to Chastity, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. IV (Online).




105


Jerome, To Eustochium, 25.




106


Jerome, Against Jovinian, 386.




107


 , 14.




108


Corinthians 1, 6:13, 7:2 and 7:7.




109


 ,     ,          , Bugge, 529.




110


Jerome, Against Jovinian, 374.




111


Saint Cyprian, Treatises, Ch. 22, 50.




112


Ambrose, Concerning Virgins, Vol. , BookI (Online).




113


Jerome, To Eustochium, 35.




114


 , 18.




115


Jerome, Against Jovinian, 367.




116


Jerome, Against Helvidius, 344.




117


. : Bullough, 160.




118


Chrysostom, 73.1.6.




119


Brown, Bodies and Minds, 482.




120


         .   ,             . Brown, The Notion of Virginity in the Early Church, 427.




121


 , 427.




122


    ,     ,      .      / .




123


    : Vern Bullough, Sexual Variance in Society and History; The Catechism of the Catholic Church; John McHugh, The Mother of Jesus in the New Testament; Ute Ranke-Heinemann, Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven; Jane Smith  Yvonne Haddad, The Virgin Mary in Islamic Tradition and Commentary; and Marina Warner, Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and the Cult of the Virgin Mary.




124


 7:14.




125


Ex cathedra (.)             .




126


-,     ,    :        ,        ,   ;        ;     .




127


Virginitas ante partum (.)   .




128


.  .   . (    ). .




129


Rasnke-Heinemann, 343344, . :   . Rasnke-Heinemann ,         .   ,     ,   II.,   ,  ,  .




130


Rasnke-Heinemann, 5, .       , 392.




131


McHugh, 200201.        .   ,   ,   , ,    .




132


Warner, 23; McHugh, 200201, 223225.




133


Bugge, 110, 150154.




134


IX,   Ineffabilis Deus.




135


St.Augustine,  186, . : The Catechism of the Catholic Church.




136


    : Acts of Judas Thomas ( Klijn); Acts of the Holy Apostle Thomas, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. VIII (Online); Peter Brown, Bodies and Minds; Peter Brown, The Body and Society; John Bugge, Virginitas; Vern L.Bullough, Sexual Variance in Society and History; Minucius Felix ( G.H.Rendall), Octavius; E.Henneche  W.Schneemelcher, New Testament Apocrypha; Holy Bible NSRV; The Interpretation of Knowledge ( L.D.Turner), Nag Hammadi Codices, XI; W.Schneemelcher (.), Acts of John; Sophia of Jesus Christ ( M.Parrott), Nag Hammadi Codices, III; Tatian ( J.E.Ryland), Address of Tatian to the Greeks, Vol. III, Chapter XV, (Online); and Tertullian Concerning Virginity (Online).




137


     , ,          ,   ,        .




138


 (   񻠖 ,  , )  , ,     ,      .  ,          ,    .            .




139


  ,      .  II.       .




140


Acts of the Holy Apostle Thomas, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. VIII (Online).




141


     :       .




142


Origins of the World, Nag Hammadi Codices, II, 5:109, . : Brown, The Body and Society, 94.




143


Ecclesiastes 3:19.




144


Henneche and Schneemelcher, . : Acts of Andrew 5, 2:410.




145


Tatian, Address of Tatian to the Greeks, Ch. 15, Vol. III (Online).




146


    220. ,    .




147


   .   . .




148


Acts of Thomas 2 and 13, 7071, 111, 115, 126127.




149


 , 88, 101.




150


   ,       144.       .




151


. : Bullough, 184.


