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  PDF A4   .





 

   


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John Perkins

CONFESSIONS of an ECONOMIC HIT MAN 3RD EDITION



 John Perkins, 2023

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 I.  





 1.  


               ,          .           .           ,   ,     2017 .     ,    .           .          .

       .  ,             ,   ,     ,    .       ,  ,  ,       ,        .          ,         .   ,      ,     ,     .             (   )       .          ,        ,    ,         .         .   ,    18       ,      ,    ,        .

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     .              .    ,   :        ,            .       ,       ,    Buen Vivir ( ),   -        .

 Buen Vivir     ,         -  :

  ,    ,  .   ,        .                 .

    ,   .      ,      ,     .     ,   ,   ,      .

 2006 ,      ,       ,    .        ,   ,    .     ,    ,   ,    .   :          ,           ,   ?    ,  ,        10   [4 - Simon Romero, Ecuador: President Orders Debt Default, New York Times, December 12, 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/12/13/world/americas/13briefs-PRESIDENTORD_BRF.html; Mick Riordan et al., Daily Brief: Economics and Financial Market Commentary, Global Economic Monitor, December 16, 2008, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/994341468322493262/pdf/612410NEWS0DEC0BOX0358349B00PUBLIC0.pdf.].          ,         ,     .

,    ,  , ,      ,        ,            .   -         [5 - Conversation between Minister Acosta and the author, reported in more detail in John Perkins, Hoodwinked: An Economic Hit Man Reveals Why the Global Economy IMPLODEDand How to Fix It (New York: Crown Business, 2009), 67.].

       ();   ,  ,       .

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    .  ,                . ,   ,  ,        .       .   ,      .

           ,       [6 - Mercedes Alvaro, China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal, Wall Street Journal, June 28, 2011, www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576412373916029508.].      .      ;                 .        ,     , ,   .             ,    ,     ,  ,           .

          ;   , ,     .    .      Buen Vivir      ,   10              .           ,  ,     .           ,     .            20082009 .          2 ,        .      .      [7 - Stansfield Smith, Ecuadors Accomplishments under the 10 Years of Rafael Correas Citizens Revolution, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, April 17, 2017, https://www.coha.org/ecuadors-accomplishments-under-the-10-years-of -rafael-correas-citizens-revolution/.].            . -   .

     .    :  ,      ,  ?        ,     ,      -      ,     ,    ,     .       .   .     .     .            .            -   .  ,     ,     ,     .      .        .

  2015       6  ,  30%   [8 -           .          .      :              ,            .          7,53  ,              .       ,    ,       25  ,      .  2013     61%   ,    83%  ;  , ,    . (Zuckerman, Eye on Ecuador: Racking Up the China Debt and Paying It Forward with Oil, Amazon Watch, January 13, 2015, http://amazonwatch.org/news/2015/0113-racking-up-the-china-debt-and-paying-it-forward-with-oil).    Wall Street Journal :        6  ,    1,7     85% Coca Codo Sinclair, ,      Sinohydro Corp.      75%     (Alvaro, China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal).        ,      El Comercio  29  2015 ., La prensa de EE.UU. alerta la dependencia de Ecuador a China.].   .  New York Times :



       7      ,        ,    .

  ,    ,      , , , ,       .       11    ,     .

    16          .           ,    ,   ,        [9 - Clifford Krauss and Keith Bradsher, Chinas Global Ambitions, Cash and Strings Attached, New York Times, July 24, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/business/international/chinas-global-ambitions-with-loans-and (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/business/international/chinas-global-ambitions-with-loans-and) -strings-attached.html.].


          Sinohydro      ,     ,  ,    ,         .  ,        .         .

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 2.   ?


  2018  New York Times    Sinohydro :



   ,     ,        ,            .      ,           ,     ,    [10 - Nicholas Casey and Clifford Krauss, It Doesnt Matter if Ecuador Can Afford This Dam. China Still Gets Paid., New York Times, December 24, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/ecuador-china-dam.html?auth=login-google (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/ecuador-china-dam.html?auth=login-google).].


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 ,   2014          ,         ,    .   ,         .  ,     ,     .         ,  ,       .   South China Morning Post :



 ,      1,4  ,      ,         EcuaCorriente S.A.,     CRCC-Tongguan Investment Co

     ,          

        ,          ,     [12 - Raquel Carvalho, How Chinese Projects Are Tearing Communities in Ecuador Apart, South China Morning Post, May 25, 2019, https://multimedia.scmp.com/week-asia/article/3011618/beijing-conquest-latin-america/chapter02.html (https://multimedia.scmp.com/week-asia/article/3011618/beijing-conquest-latin-america/chapter02.html).].


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      Amazon Watch,     2010   2017   ,    ,   1307  .

    ,       , ,              [14 - Raquel Carvalho, How Chinese Projects Are Tearing Communities in Ecuador Apart, South China Morning Post, May 25, 2019, https://multi media.scmp.com/week-asia/article/3011618/beijing-conquest-latin-america/chapter02.html.].


  Ecologist :



  2007   ,         ,     ,    ,     .

            ,   , , ,    ,         [15 - David Dene, Julio Prieto, and EnvJustice, Mirador: A Mine Full of Mirages, The Ecologist, February 18, 2019, https://theecologist.org/2019/feb/18/mirador-mine-full-mirages.].


    ,    ,      ,      .        ,      ,      ,     .        .       ,   South China Morning Post.

     ,      ,               2020  2021 .      ,     ,      .  .   .  .  .          .          ,   ,     .        63 ,    260 .                 ,   -  .  -               ,  ,  , ,   -    .

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  ,   ,           ,  ,     .  Time    2021 :



      [ ]    ,     ,       ,   .        .  2019     12,8     ,   16,5% ,   2018 ,     ,   , ,    .                2008 [16 - Ciara Nugent and Charlie Campell, The U.S. and China Are Battling for Influence in Latin America, and the Pandemic Has Raised the Stakes, Notes 333. TIME, February 4, 2021, https://time.com/5936037/us-china-latin-america -influence/.].


  ,        .  2015        ,               500    2025 .  2019      315  .         [17 - Mark P. Sullivan and Thomas Lum, Chinas Engagement with Latin Americaand the Caribbean, Congressional Research Service, updated May 4, 2022, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10982.pdf.].

 ,   ,   ,   ,            .        ,       .          .  2021   :



31          Compa?i?a General de Electricidad (CGE)     State Grid  3  .       2018   China Southern Power Grid   27,7%   Transelec  1,3  ;   China Water and Electric (CWE)  Atiaia Energy    State Grid  2,23    Chilquinta Energia,       57%      .


       , ,      ,         .   :



,    ,            ,     ,                                 ,      .            ,         ,           [18 - R.Evan Ellis, Chinas Bid to Dominate Electrical Connectivity in Latin America, China Brief 21, no. 10 (2021): https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-bid-to-dominate-electrical-connectivity-in-latin-america.].


     ,      , ,   ,   ,     .         .        75    2003   2,7    2019 ,       .       ,     [19 - China Africa Research Initiative, Data: Chinese Investment in Africa, January 10, 2022, http://www.sais-cari.org/chinese-investment-in-africa.].

     CNBC     :



       ,    ,          ,            .     ,       55            ,  1,2  .

          ,                  2017    39    -   2017   148  [20 - Elliot Smith, The US-China Trade Rivalry Is Underway in Africa, and Washington Is Playing Catch-Up, CNBC, October 9, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/09/the-us-china-trade-rivalry-is-underway-in-africa.html.].


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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/dzhon-perkins/tretya-ispoved-ekonomicheskogo-ubiycy-70245805/chitat-onlayn/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


         ,      ,     ,        ,    .




2


    ,  ,  ,           л,          ();         2012 .        .




3


Drew Desilver, For Most U.S. Workers, Real Wages Have Barely Budged in Decades, Pew Research Center, August 7, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/07/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades/ (https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/07/for-most-us-workers-real-wages-have-barely-budged-for-decades/).




4


Simon Romero, Ecuador: President Orders Debt Default, New York Times, December 12, 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/12/13/world/americas/13briefs-PRESIDENTORD_BRF.html; Mick Riordan et al., Daily Brief: Economics and Financial Market Commentary, Global Economic Monitor, December 16, 2008, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/994341468322493262/pdf/612410NEWS0DEC0BOX0358349B00PUBLIC0.pdf.




5


Conversation between Minister Acosta and the author, reported in more detail in John Perkins, Hoodwinked: An Economic Hit Man Reveals Why the Global Economy IMPLODEDand How to Fix It (New York: Crown Business, 2009), 67.




6


Mercedes Alvaro, China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal, Wall Street Journal, June 28, 2011, www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576412373916029508.




7


Stansfield Smith, Ecuadors Accomplishments under the 10 Years of Rafael Correas Citizens Revolution, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, April 17, 2017, https://www.coha.org/ecuadors-accomplishments-under-the-10-years-of -rafael-correas-citizens-revolution/.




8


          .          .      :              ,            .          7,53  ,              .       ,    ,       25  ,      .  2013     61%   ,    83%  ;  , ,    . (Zuckerman, Eye on Ecuador: Racking Up the China Debt and Paying It Forward with Oil, Amazon Watch, January 13, 2015, http://amazonwatch.org/news/2015/0113-racking-up-the-china-debt-and-paying-it-forward-with-oil).    Wall Street Journal :        6  ,    1,7     85% Coca Codo Sinclair, ,      Sinohydro Corp.      75%     (Alvaro, China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal).        ,      El Comercio  29  2015 ., La prensa de EE.UU. alerta la dependencia de Ecuador a China.




9


Clifford Krauss and Keith Bradsher, Chinas Global Ambitions, Cash and Strings Attached, New York Times, July 24, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/business/international/chinas-global-ambitions-with-loans-and (https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/business/international/chinas-global-ambitions-with-loans-and) -strings-attached.html.




10


Nicholas Casey and Clifford Krauss, It Doesnt Matter if Ecuador Can Afford This Dam. China Still Gets Paid., New York Times, December 24, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/ecuador-china-dam.html?auth=login-google (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/ecuador-china-dam.html?auth=login-google).




11


El Comercio, July 29, 2015, La Prensa de EE.UU. Alerta de Dependencia de Ecuadora China.




12


Raquel Carvalho, How Chinese Projects Are Tearing Communities in Ecuador Apart, South China Morning Post, May 25, 2019, https://multimedia.scmp.com/week-asia/article/3011618/beijing-conquest-latin-america/chapter02.html (https://multimedia.scmp.com/week-asia/article/3011618/beijing-conquest-latin-america/chapter02.html).




13


Casey and Krauss, It Doesnt Matter.




14


Raquel Carvalho, How Chinese Projects Are Tearing Communities in Ecuador Apart, South China Morning Post, May 25, 2019, https://multi media.scmp.com/week-asia/article/3011618/beijing-conquest-latin-america/chapter02.html.




15


David Dene, Julio Prieto, and EnvJustice, Mirador: A Mine Full of Mirages, The Ecologist, February 18, 2019, https://theecologist.org/2019/feb/18/mirador-mine-full-mirages.




16


Ciara Nugent and Charlie Campell, The U.S. and China Are Battling for Influence in Latin America, and the Pandemic Has Raised the Stakes, Notes 333. TIME, February 4, 2021, https://time.com/5936037/us-china-latin-america -influence/.




17


Mark P. Sullivan and Thomas Lum, Chinas Engagement with Latin Americaand the Caribbean, Congressional Research Service, updated May 4, 2022, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10982.pdf.




18


R.Evan Ellis, Chinas Bid to Dominate Electrical Connectivity in Latin America, China Brief 21, no. 10 (2021): https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-bid-to-dominate-electrical-connectivity-in-latin-america.




19


China Africa Research Initiative, Data: Chinese Investment in Africa, January 10, 2022, http://www.sais-cari.org/chinese-investment-in-africa.




20


Elliot Smith, The US-China Trade Rivalry Is Underway in Africa, and Washington Is Playing Catch-Up, CNBC, October 9, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/09/the-us-china-trade-rivalry-is-underway-in-africa.html.




21


ChevronToxico, A Rainforest Chernobyl, n.d., http://chevrontoxico.comabout/rainforest-chernobyl/.


